Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation

Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an...

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Vydané v:	Advanced functional materials Ročník 31; číslo 5
Hlavní autori:	Kyndiah, Adrica, Checa, Martí, Leonardi, Francesca, Millan‐Solsona, Ruben, Di Muzio, Martina, Tanwar, Shubham, Fumagalli, Laura, Mas‐Torrent, Marta, Gomila, Gabriel
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2021
Predmet:	atomic force microscopy Bioelectricity bioelectronic devices Capacitance Electric potential Electrical properties Electrical resistivity electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors Electrolytes Electrolytic cells Electronic devices in‐liquid scanning dielectric microscopy Materials science Optimization organic semiconducting blend Phase separation Semiconductor devices Space charge Transistors Voltage
ISSN:	1616-301X, 1616-3028
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Abstract	Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistor (EGOFET) under operation can be probed at the nanoscale using scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment. Local electrostatic force versus gate voltage transfer characteristics are obtained on the device and correlated with the global current–voltage transfer characteristics of the EGOFET. Nanoscale maps of the conductivity of the semiconducting channel show the dependence of the channel conductivity on the gate voltage and its variation along the channel due to the space charge limited conduction. The maps reveal very small electrical heterogeneities, which correspond to local interfacial capacitance variations due to an ultrathin non‐uniform insulating layer resulting from a phase separation in the organic semiconducting blend. Present results offer insights into the transduction mechanism at the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at scales down to ≈100 nm, which can bring substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications such as electrical recording on excitable cells or label‐free biosensing. Nanoscale electrical conductivity and interfacial capacitance maps of an operating electrolyte gated organic field effect transistor are obtained by using scanning dielectric microscopy in‐liquid environment. The conductivity maps reveal the on–off transition of the transistor device, while the interfacial capacitance maps show the minute heterogeneities resulting from phase separtion in the active organic semiconductor material.
AbstractList	Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistor (EGOFET) under operation can be probed at the nanoscale using scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment. Local electrostatic force versus gate voltage transfer characteristics are obtained on the device and correlated with the global current–voltage transfer characteristics of the EGOFET. Nanoscale maps of the conductivity of the semiconducting channel show the dependence of the channel conductivity on the gate voltage and its variation along the channel due to the space charge limited conduction. The maps reveal very small electrical heterogeneities, which correspond to local interfacial capacitance variations due to an ultrathin non‐uniform insulating layer resulting from a phase separation in the organic semiconducting blend. Present results offer insights into the transduction mechanism at the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at scales down to ≈100 nm, which can bring substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications such as electrical recording on excitable cells or label‐free biosensing. Nanoscale electrical conductivity and interfacial capacitance maps of an operating electrolyte gated organic field effect transistor are obtained by using scanning dielectric microscopy in‐liquid environment. The conductivity maps reveal the on–off transition of the transistor device, while the interfacial capacitance maps show the minute heterogeneities resulting from phase separtion in the active organic semiconductor material. Probing nanoscale electrical properties of organic semiconducting materials at the interface with an electrolyte solution under externally applied voltages is key in the field of organic bioelectronics. It is demonstrated that the conductivity and interfacial capacitance of the active channel of an electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistor (EGOFET) under operation can be probed at the nanoscale using scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment. Local electrostatic force versus gate voltage transfer characteristics are obtained on the device and correlated with the global current–voltage transfer characteristics of the EGOFET. Nanoscale maps of the conductivity of the semiconducting channel show the dependence of the channel conductivity on the gate voltage and its variation along the channel due to the space charge limited conduction. The maps reveal very small electrical heterogeneities, which correspond to local interfacial capacitance variations due to an ultrathin non‐uniform insulating layer resulting from a phase separation in the organic semiconducting blend. Present results offer insights into the transduction mechanism at the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces at scales down to ≈100 nm, which can bring substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications such as electrical recording on excitable cells or label‐free biosensing.
Author	Kyndiah, Adrica Fumagalli, Laura Leonardi, Francesca Checa, Martí Millan‐Solsona, Ruben Di Muzio, Martina Mas‐Torrent, Marta Gomila, Gabriel Tanwar, Shubham
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Cites_doi	10.1038/srep39623 10.1088/0957-4484/23/20/205703 10.1021/nl803851u 10.1002/adbi.201700072 10.1039/c3cp44251a 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.256803 10.1002/adma.201602479 10.1002/adma.200904163 10.1002/adma.200501394 10.1038/s41467-018-05235-z 10.1002/smll.201902534 10.1039/C9NR07659J 10.1063/1.3427362 10.1038/nmat3369 10.1038/nmat4918 10.1063/1.1637443 10.1021/acsami.7b19279 10.1103/PhysRevE.100.022604 10.1038/ncomms4005 10.1063/1.3699218 10.1002/adma.201200088 10.1016/j.orgel.2012.10.027 10.1063/1.2821119 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111844 10.1002/admt.201600090 10.1126/science.aat4191 10.1002/adfm.201904513 10.1021/jp709590p 10.1038/ncomms2573 10.1002/admt.201900104 10.1049/el:19921481 10.1002/adma.201104580 10.1063/1.4768164 10.1116/1.4997760 10.1002/adfm.201703899 10.1039/c3tb20340a 10.1002/adma.200801466
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SubjectTerms	atomic force microscopy Bioelectricity bioelectronic devices Capacitance Electric potential Electrical properties Electrical resistivity electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors Electrolytes Electrolytic cells Electronic devices in‐liquid scanning dielectric microscopy Materials science Optimization organic semiconducting blend Phase separation Semiconductor devices Space charge Transistors Voltage
Title	Nanoscale Mapping of the Conductivity and Interfacial Capacitance of an Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor under Operation
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