RNA Degradation in Eukaryotic Cells

RNA is a crucial component of every living organism and is necessary for gene expression and its regulation in the cell. Mechanisms of RNA synthesis (especially mRNA synthesis) were a subject of extensive study for a long time. More recently, RNA degradation pathways began to be considered as equall...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular biology (New York) Vol. 54; no. 4; pp. 485 - 502
Main Authors: Tatosyan, K. A., Ustyantsev, I. G., Kramerov, D. A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.07.2020
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cytoplasm
Degradation
Gene expression
Human Genetics
Life Sciences
Non-coding RNA
Quality control
Reviews
Transcription
RNA stability
non-coding RNA
exosomes
endonucleases
RNA decay
RNA quality control
exonucleases
ISSN:0026-8933, 1608-3245
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:RNA is a crucial component of every living organism and is necessary for gene expression and its regulation in the cell. Mechanisms of RNA synthesis (especially mRNA synthesis) were a subject of extensive study for a long time. More recently, RNA degradation pathways began to be considered as equally important part of eukaryotic cell metabolism. These pathways have been studied intensely, and ample information accumulated about RNA degradation systems and their role in cell life. It is currently obvious that RNA decay is of no less importance as RNA synthesis and contributes to regulating the RNA level in the cell. The review considers the main RNA degradation enzymes, the decay pathways of various coding and non-coding RNAs, the mechanisms providing RNA quality control in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and certain structural elements responsible for RNA stability or short life in the cell.
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ISSN:0026-8933
1608-3245
DOI:10.1134/S0026893320040159