A note on using the F-measure for evaluating record linkage algorithms

Record linkage is the process of identifying and linking records about the same entities from one or more databases. Record linkage can be viewed as a classification problem where the aim is to decide whether a pair of records is a match (i.e. two records refer to the same real-world entity) or a no...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Statistics and computing Vol. 28; no. 3; pp. 539 - 547
Main Authors: Hand, David, Christen, Peter
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.05.2018
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Artificial Intelligence
Classification
Ground truth
Information retrieval
Machine learning
Mathematics and Statistics
Probability and Statistics in Computer Science
Quality assessment
Recall
Statistical Theory and Methods
Statistics
Statistics and Computing/Statistics Programs
Recall
Precision
Class imbalance
Entity resolution
Classification
Data linkage
ISSN:0960-3174, 1573-1375
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Record linkage is the process of identifying and linking records about the same entities from one or more databases. Record linkage can be viewed as a classification problem where the aim is to decide whether a pair of records is a match (i.e. two records refer to the same real-world entity) or a non-match (two records refer to two different entities). Various classification techniques—including supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised and active learning based—have been employed for record linkage. If ground truth data in the form of known true matches and non-matches are available, the quality of classified links can be evaluated. Due to the generally high class imbalance in record linkage problems, standard accuracy or misclassification rate are not meaningful for assessing the quality of a set of linked records. Instead, precision and recall, as commonly used in information retrieval and machine learning, are used. These are often combined into the popular F-measure, which is the harmonic mean of precision and recall. We show that the F-measure can also be expressed as a weighted sum of precision and recall, with weights which depend on the linkage method being used. This reformulation reveals that the F-measure has a major conceptual weakness: the relative importance assigned to precision and recall should be an aspect of the problem and the researcher or user, but not of the particular linkage method being used. We suggest alternative measures which do not suffer from this fundamental flaw.
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ISSN:0960-3174
1573-1375
DOI:10.1007/s11222-017-9746-6