Nested Implicit Runge–Kutta Pairs of Gauss and Lobatto Types with Local and Global Error Controls for Stiff Ordinary Differential Equations

The problem of efficient global error estimation and control is studied in embedded nested implicit Runge–Kutta pairs of Gauss and Lobatto types as applied to stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Stiff problems may arise in many areas of engineering, and their accurate numerical solution is...

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