Juvenile multiple sclerosis: addressing epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutic, and prognostic updates along with cognitive dysfunction and quality of life

Juvenile multiple sclerosis (JMS) is a rare but significant subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects a small percentage of patients under the age of 10 and 3–5% of all MS patients. Despite its rarity, JMS poses unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and management, as it can sign...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Annals of medicine and surgery Jg. 85; H. 9; S. 4433 - 4441
Hauptverfasser: Prajjwal, Priyadarshi, M.D.M., Marsool, Natarajan, Balaganesh, Inban, Pugazhendi, Gadam, Srikanth, Sowndarya, Dommaraju, John, Jobby, Abbas, Rahim, Vaja, HariOm, A.D.M., Marsool, Amir Hussin, Omniat
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Hagerstown, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 01.09.2023
Schlagworte:
Review
ISSN:2049-0801, 2049-0801
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract Juvenile multiple sclerosis (JMS) is a rare but significant subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects a small percentage of patients under the age of 10 and 3–5% of all MS patients. Despite its rarity, JMS poses unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and management, as it can significantly impact a child or adolescent’s physical, cognitive, and emotional development. JMS presents with a varying spectrum of signs and symptoms such as coordination difficulties and permanent cognitive dysfunctions and may include atypical clinical features such as seizures, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and optic neuritis, making diagnostic evaluations challenging. Whilst the biology of JMS shares similarities with adult-onset MS, there exist notable distinctions in disease progression, clinical manifestations, and ultimate prognoses. The International Pediatric MS Study Group (IPMSSG) was founded in 2005 to improve understanding of JMS, but there remains a lack of knowledge and guidelines on the management of this condition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on JMS, including its epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, current treatment options, and outcomes. Current treatment options for JMS include disease-modifying therapies, but JMS can also result in impaired quality of life and psychiatric comorbidity, highlighting the need for comprehensive care for affected children. Through gathering and analyzing scattered studies and recent updates on JMS, the authors aim to address the gaps in current knowledge on JMS and provide an improved understanding of appropriate care for affected children. By doing so, this review hopes to contribute to improving the quality of life and outcomes for JMS patients.
AbstractList Juvenile multiple sclerosis (JMS) is a rare but significant subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects a small percentage of patients under the age of 10 and 3–5% of all MS patients. Despite its rarity, JMS poses unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and management, as it can significantly impact a child or adolescent’s physical, cognitive, and emotional development. JMS presents with a varying spectrum of signs and symptoms such as coordination difficulties and permanent cognitive dysfunctions and may include atypical clinical features such as seizures, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and optic neuritis, making diagnostic evaluations challenging. Whilst the biology of JMS shares similarities with adult-onset MS, there exist notable distinctions in disease progression, clinical manifestations, and ultimate prognoses. The International Pediatric MS Study Group (IPMSSG) was founded in 2005 to improve understanding of JMS, but there remains a lack of knowledge and guidelines on the management of this condition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on JMS, including its epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, current treatment options, and outcomes. Current treatment options for JMS include disease-modifying therapies, but JMS can also result in impaired quality of life and psychiatric comorbidity, highlighting the need for comprehensive care for affected children. Through gathering and analyzing scattered studies and recent updates on JMS, the authors aim to address the gaps in current knowledge on JMS and provide an improved understanding of appropriate care for affected children. By doing so, this review hopes to contribute to improving the quality of life and outcomes for JMS patients.
Juvenile multiple sclerosis (JMS) is a rare but significant subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects a small percentage of patients under the age of 10 and 3-5% of all MS patients. Despite its rarity, JMS poses unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and management, as it can significantly impact a child or adolescent's physical, cognitive, and emotional development. JMS presents with a varying spectrum of signs and symptoms such as coordination difficulties and permanent cognitive dysfunctions and may include atypical clinical features such as seizures, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and optic neuritis, making diagnostic evaluations challenging. Whilst the biology of JMS shares similarities with adult-onset MS, there exist notable distinctions in disease progression, clinical manifestations, and ultimate prognoses. The International Pediatric MS Study Group (IPMSSG) was founded in 2005 to improve understanding of JMS, but there remains a lack of knowledge and guidelines on the management of this condition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on JMS, including its epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, current treatment options, and outcomes. Current treatment options for JMS include disease-modifying therapies, but JMS can also result in impaired quality of life and psychiatric comorbidity, highlighting the need for comprehensive care for affected children. Through gathering and analyzing scattered studies and recent updates on JMS, the authors aim to address the gaps in current knowledge on JMS and provide an improved understanding of appropriate care for affected children. By doing so, this review hopes to contribute to improving the quality of life and outcomes for JMS patients.Juvenile multiple sclerosis (JMS) is a rare but significant subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects a small percentage of patients under the age of 10 and 3-5% of all MS patients. Despite its rarity, JMS poses unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and management, as it can significantly impact a child or adolescent's physical, cognitive, and emotional development. JMS presents with a varying spectrum of signs and symptoms such as coordination difficulties and permanent cognitive dysfunctions and may include atypical clinical features such as seizures, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and optic neuritis, making diagnostic evaluations challenging. Whilst the biology of JMS shares similarities with adult-onset MS, there exist notable distinctions in disease progression, clinical manifestations, and ultimate prognoses. The International Pediatric MS Study Group (IPMSSG) was founded in 2005 to improve understanding of JMS, but there remains a lack of knowledge and guidelines on the management of this condition. This review summarizes the current knowledge on JMS, including its epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, current treatment options, and outcomes. Current treatment options for JMS include disease-modifying therapies, but JMS can also result in impaired quality of life and psychiatric comorbidity, highlighting the need for comprehensive care for affected children. Through gathering and analyzing scattered studies and recent updates on JMS, the authors aim to address the gaps in current knowledge on JMS and provide an improved understanding of appropriate care for affected children. By doing so, this review hopes to contribute to improving the quality of life and outcomes for JMS patients.
Author Inban, Pugazhendi
Natarajan, Balaganesh
Amir Hussin, Omniat
John, Jobby
Sowndarya, Dommaraju
Vaja, HariOm
Prajjwal, Priyadarshi
Gadam, Srikanth
A.D.M., Marsool
M.D.M., Marsool
Abbas, Rahim
AuthorAffiliation c Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College and Hospital, Karakonam, Trivandrum
b Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Omandurar, Chennai
a Neurology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Pune
e Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
h St. George’s University School of Medicine, University Centre Grenada, West Indies
g Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
i Internal Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, USA
d Internal Medicine, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
f University of Baghdad, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
j Internal Medicine, Al-Manhal Academy, Khartoum, Sudan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: h St. George’s University School of Medicine, University Centre Grenada, West Indies
– name: f University of Baghdad, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
– name: j Internal Medicine, Al-Manhal Academy, Khartoum, Sudan
– name: d Internal Medicine, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
– name: a Neurology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Pune
– name: c Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College and Hospital, Karakonam, Trivandrum
– name: b Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Omandurar, Chennai
– name: i Internal Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, USA
– name: g Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
– name: e Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Priyadarshi
  surname: Prajjwal
  fullname: Prajjwal, Priyadarshi
  organization: Neurology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Pune
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Marsool
  surname: M.D.M.
  fullname: M.D.M., Marsool
  organization: University of Baghdad, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Balaganesh
  surname: Natarajan
  fullname: Natarajan, Balaganesh
  organization: St. George’s University School of Medicine, University Centre Grenada, West Indies
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Pugazhendi
  surname: Inban
  fullname: Inban, Pugazhendi
  organization: Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Omandurar, Chennai
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Srikanth
  surname: Gadam
  fullname: Gadam, Srikanth
  organization: Internal Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Dommaraju
  surname: Sowndarya
  fullname: Sowndarya, Dommaraju
  organization: Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Jobby
  surname: John
  fullname: John, Jobby
  organization: Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College and Hospital, Karakonam, Trivandrum
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Rahim
  surname: Abbas
  fullname: Abbas, Rahim
  organization: Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
– sequence: 9
  givenname: HariOm
  surname: Vaja
  fullname: Vaja, HariOm
  organization: Internal Medicine, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Marsool
  surname: A.D.M.
  fullname: A.D.M., Marsool
  organization: University of Baghdad, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Omniat
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5021-263X
  surname: Amir Hussin
  fullname: Amir Hussin, Omniat
  organization: Internal Medicine, Al-Manhal Academy, Khartoum, Sudan
BookMark eNp9Uc1u1DAQjlCRKKVvwMFHDrvFjrN20gtCFb8q4kDv1sSe7A5y7DR2ttpH4W3x0gqVHvDFY30_45nvZXUSYsCqei34heCdfvvtR3fBH59O8mfVac2bbs1bLk4e1S-q85R-Fo7gG6lUe1r9-rrsMZBHNi4-01SKZD3OMVG6ZODcjClR2DKcyOFI0cftYcUcwTYcOSuWdzjDhEsmu2IQHJvmeMTKmy2Tg4yJgY_F4o7yjtkCUqY9MndIwxJsphj-6G4X8JQPLA7M04CvqucD-ITnD_dZdfPxw83V5_X1909frt5fr60UKq-1LhMD1m2tnO2krrUaagESy4B6qF0tlGv6thlg022g46AF75XqZQ9SKyfPqnf3ttPSj-gshjyDN9NMI8wHE4HMv0igndnGvRG80VI2oji8eXCY4-2CKZuRkkXvIWBckqlbxZXQSnSF2txTbVlwmnH420dwc0zTlDTN0zSL7PKJzFKG4-LKj8j_X_wbBZqqtA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuint_2023_105645
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00112_023_01890_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2024_106162
crossref_primary_10_1080_09273948_2024_2414917
Cites_doi 10.1177/1352458513484547
10.1007/s11940-011-0141-x
10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70045-X
10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.03.021
10.1016/S0387-7604(03)00035-4
10.1007/s00415-015-7704-9
10.1177/1352458512469693
10.1542/peds.2006-0655
10.1177/1352458519891984
10.1016/j.msard.2022.103820
10.1038/nrneurol.2009.158
10.1212/WNL.0000000000000885
10.1177/0883073819845827
10.3390/brainsci11040442
10.1371/journal.pmed.1001866
10.1177/1352458517732843
10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.014
10.1007/s11940-021-00677-1
10.1111/ene.12371
10.1002/ana.24364
10.3390/ijerph18168645
10.1177/135245859700300105
10.1212/01.wnl.0000312276.23177.fa
10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.01.017
10.1212/WNL.59.7.1006
10.1037/a0022051
10.1016/j.msard.2020.102260
10.1002/ana.26052
10.1590/0004-282X20130122
10.1371/journal.pgen.1007808
10.1002/acn3.616
10.1177/0883073813501873
10.1111/dmcn.14212
10.1007/s00431-015-2588-3
10.1007/s00415-006-0095-1
10.1186/s12883-018-1026-3
10.1177/1352458512459683
10.1212/01.wnl.0000436934.40034eb
10.1542/peds.2016-2838
10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828154f3
10.1212/WNL.0000000000003849
10.1093/aje/154.1.69
10.1177/0883073819855592
10.1177/1352458514551453
10.1016/j.ncl.2011.01.004
10.1080/1744666X.2017.1360135
10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821e552a
10.1016/S0022-510X(11)70010-7
10.1177/1352458515595876
10.1177/1352458515608960
10.1111/dmcn.14233
10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a841e4
10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80454-7
10.1016/j.autrev.2014.07.001
10.1111/ene.12327
10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.09.007
10.1093/brain/awm198
10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70196-5
10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f4d821
10.1212/NXG.0000000000000097
10.1016/j.jns.2015.04.025
10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822facdd
10.1002/acn3.636
10.3390/biomedicines8040071
10.1177/1352458520932798
10.1056/NEJMoa067597
10.1186/s13023-021-01694-8
10.1212/NXI.0000000000000749
10.1177/0883073812452784
10.1212/WNL.0000000000008667
10.1177/1352458515581873
10.1177/1352458518757089
10.1177/1352458517713343
10.1002/acn3.365
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2023
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
– notice: Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2023
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000930
DatabaseName CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
EISSN 2049-0801
EndPage 4441
ExternalDocumentID PMC10473341
10_1097_MS9_0000000000000930
GroupedDBID .1-
.FO
0R~
1P~
4.4
457
53G
5VS
AAAAV
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAHPQ
AAIKJ
AAIQE
AALRI
AASCR
AAXUO
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABASU
ABDIG
ABMAC
ABVCZ
ABZZY
ACGFS
ACILI
ACVFH
ACXJB
ADBBV
ADCNI
ADEZE
ADGGA
ADHPY
ADKSD
ADPDF
ADRAZ
ADVLN
AEUPX
AEVXI
AEXQZ
AFBFQ
AFDTB
AFPUW
AFRHN
AFTJW
AGHFR
AHQNM
AIGII
AINUH
AITUG
AJCLO
AJNWD
AJUYK
AJZMW
AKBMS
AKCTQ
AKRWK
AKYEP
ALKUP
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMJPA
AMKUR
AMNEI
AMRAJ
AOHHW
AOIJS
AOQMC
BAWUL
CITATION
DIK
DIWNM
EBS
EEVPB
EJD
FCALG
FDB
GNXGY
GQDEL
HLJTE
HYE
IKREB
IPNFZ
IXB
KQ8
M41
M48
M~E
OK1
OVD
OVDNE
RIG
ROL
RPM
SSZ
TEORI
TSPGW
Z5R
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c316t-77009ae2826dc937276f21a3e5367f2d216d4b84fa595a90a710b66b3ba376d3
ISICitedReferencesCount 7
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001169064900039&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2049-0801
IngestDate Tue Sep 30 17:12:42 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 14:07:04 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 18 20:50:28 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:37:06 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 9
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c316t-77009ae2826dc937276f21a3e5367f2d216d4b84fa595a90a710b66b3ba376d3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-5021-263X
OpenAccessLink https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10473341
PQID 2860617619
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 9
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10473341
proquest_miscellaneous_2860617619
crossref_primary_10_1097_MS9_0000000000000930
crossref_citationtrail_10_1097_MS9_0000000000000930
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-09-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Hagerstown, MD
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Hagerstown, MD
PublicationTitle Annals of medicine and surgery
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publisher_xml – name: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
References Chitnis (R20-20250806) 2011; 29
Wallach (R26-20250806) 2020; 26
Huppke (R51-20250806) 2014; 21
Gordon-Lipkin (R4-20250806) 2017; 13
Hernán (R41-20250806) 2001; 154
Rensel (R61-20250806) 2019; 6
Gadoth (R17-20250806) 2003; 25
Fragoso (R11-20250806) 2013; 71
Amato (R24-20250806) 2010; 75
Makhani (R44-20250806) 2016; 22
Alroughani (R55-20250806) 2018; 18
van Pelt (R29-20250806) 2013; 81
Conradi (R32-20250806) 2013; 19
Dell’Avvento (R8-20250806) 2016; 175
Galardi (R59-20250806) 2019; 6
Langer-Gould (R35-20250806) 2013; 80
Huppke (R62-20250806) 2019; 25
Deryck (R7-20250806) 2006; 253
Langer-Gould (R9-20250806) 2011; 77
Duignan (R58-20250806) 2019; 61
Ow (R75-20250806) 2022; 63
Tenembaum (R3-20250806) 2011; 311
Yeh (R18-20250806) 2009; 5
Zhang (R68-20250806) 2021; 16
Mikaeloff (R39-20250806) 2007; 130
Chitnis (R34-20250806) 2016; 3
Erol (R70-20250806) 2013; 49
Yea (R43-20250806) 2013; 81
Waubant (R46-20250806) 2013; 19
Yan (R13-20250806) 2020; 44
Waubant (R45-20250806) 2011; 76
Portaccio (R22-20250806) 2021; 11
Krupp (R57-20250806) 2013; 19
Renoux (R19-20250806) 2007; 356
De Meo (R74-20250806) 2021; 89
Lavery (R40-20250806) 2019; 25
Mokry (R49-20250806) 2015; 12
Lulu (R54-20250806) 2016; 22
Amato (R23-20250806) 2008; 70
Banwell (R16-20250806) 2007; 6
Nourbakhsh (R47-20250806) 2018; 5
Duquette (R5-20250806) 1987; 111
Alroughani (R10-20250806) 2015; 353
Simpson (R64-20250806) 2021; 23
Reinhardt (R12-20250806) 2014; 21
Versini (R37-20250806) 2014; 13
Rhead (R50-20250806) 2016; 2
Alroughani (R66-20250806) 2017; 70
Pfeifenbring (R21-20250806) 2015; 77
Ragnedda (R31-20250806) 2015; 262
Akhtar (R73-20250806) 2016; 22
Gianfrancesco (R48-20250806) 2017; 88
Pakpoor (R38-20250806) 2018; 24
Young (R53-20250806) 2019; 27
Mrosková (R76-20250806) 2021; 18
Krupp (R63-20250806) 2019; 34
Reinert (R67-20250806) 2020; 7
Chi (R28-20250806) 2019; 15
Fisher (R56-20250806) 2020; 8
Banwell (R27-20250806) 2011; 10
Brenton (R30-20250806) 2017; 77
Graves (R33-20250806) 2017; 139
Pena (R69-20250806) 2013; 2013
Bigi (R2-20250806) 2012; 27
Brenton (R36-20250806) 2019; 61
Boiko (R1-20250806) 2002; 59
Ghezzi (R65-20250806) 2021; 27
McKay (R77-20250806) 2020; 94
Ahn (R52-20250806) 2015; 21
Amato (R25-20250806) 2014; 83
Jeong (R14-20250806) 2019; 34
Ghezzi (R6-20250806) 1997; 3
Fernández Carbonell (R60-20250806) 2014; 29
Mikaeloff (R72-20250806) 2006; 118
Till (R15-20250806) 2011; 25
Lavery (R42-20250806) 2018; 5
Yeh (R71-20250806) 2011; 13
References_xml – volume: 19
  start-page: 1261
  year: 2013
  ident: R57-20250806
  article-title: International pediatric multiple sclerosis study group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458513484547
– volume: 13
  start-page: 544
  year: 2011
  ident: R71-20250806
  article-title: Current therapeutic options in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Curr Treat Options Neurol
  doi: 10.1007/s11940-011-0141-x
– volume: 10
  start-page: 436
  year: 2011
  ident: R27-20250806
  article-title: Clinical, environmental, and genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis in children with acute demyelination: a prospective national cohort study
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70045-X
– volume: 49
  start-page: 266
  year: 2013
  ident: R70-20250806
  article-title: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children and adolescents: a single center experience
  publication-title: Pediatr Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.03.021
– volume: 25
  start-page: 229
  year: 2003
  ident: R17-20250806
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis in children
  publication-title: Brain Dev
  doi: 10.1016/S0387-7604(03)00035-4
– volume: 262
  start-page: 1271
  year: 2015
  ident: R31-20250806
  article-title: Reduced duration of breastfeeding is associated with a higher risk of multiple sclerosis in both Italian and Norwegian adult males: the EnvIMS study
  publication-title: J Neurol
  doi: 10.1007/s00415-015-7704-9
– volume: 19
  start-page: 891
  year: 2013
  ident: R46-20250806
  article-title: Antibody response to common viruses and human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458512469693
– volume: 118
  start-page: 1133
  year: 2006
  ident: R72-20250806
  article-title: Prognostic factors for early severity in a childhood multiple sclerosis cohort
  publication-title: Pediatrics
  doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0655
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1938
  year: 2020
  ident: R26-20250806
  article-title: Cognitive processing speed in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: Baseline characteristics of impairment and prediction of decline
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458519891984
– volume: 63
  start-page: 103820
  year: 2022
  ident: R75-20250806
  article-title: Quality of life in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: different disease course, different impact, different measurement approach needed
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
  doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103820
– volume: 5
  start-page: 621
  year: 2009
  ident: R18-20250806
  article-title: Pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Nat Rev Neurol
  doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2009.158
– volume: 83
  start-page: 1432
  year: 2014
  ident: R25-20250806
  article-title: Neuropsychological features in childhood and juvenile multiple sclerosis: five-year follow-up
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000885
– volume: 34
  start-page: 705
  year: 2019
  ident: R14-20250806
  article-title: Epidemiology of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of the literature
  publication-title: J Child Neurol
  doi: 10.1177/0883073819845827
– volume: 11
  start-page: 442
  year: 2021
  ident: R22-20250806
  article-title: Cognitive issues in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Brain Sci
  doi: 10.3390/brainsci11040442
– volume: 12
  start-page: e1001866
  year: 2015
  ident: R49-20250806
  article-title: Vitamin D and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
  publication-title: PLoS Med
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001866
– volume: 25
  start-page: 72
  year: 2019
  ident: R62-20250806
  article-title: Therapy of highly active pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458517732843
– volume: 27
  start-page: 184
  year: 2019
  ident: R53-20250806
  article-title: Puberty onset and pediatric multiple sclerosis activity in boys
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
  doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.014
– volume: 23
  start-page: 19
  year: 2021
  ident: R64-20250806
  article-title: Early aggressive treatment approaches for multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Curr Treat Options Neurol
  doi: 10.1007/s11940-021-00677-1
– volume: 21
  start-page: 654
  year: 2014
  ident: R12-20250806
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis in children and adolescents: incidence and clinical picture - new insights from the nationwide German surveillance (2009-2011
  publication-title: Eur J Neurol
  doi: 10.1111/ene.12371
– volume: 77
  start-page: 655
  year: 2015
  ident: R21-20250806
  article-title: Extensive acute axonal damage in pediatric multiple sclerosis lesions
  publication-title: Ann Neurol
  doi: 10.1002/ana.24364
– volume: 18
  start-page: 8645
  year: 2021
  ident: R76-20250806
  article-title: Quality of life of children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis-a literature review of the quantitative evidence
  publication-title: Int J Environ Res Public Health
  doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168645
– volume: 3
  start-page: 43
  year: 1997
  ident: R6-20250806
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis in childhood: clinical features of 149 cases
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/135245859700300105
– volume: 70
  start-page: 1891
  year: 2008
  ident: R23-20250806
  article-title: Cognitive and psychosocial features of childhood and juvenile MS
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000312276.23177.fa
– volume: 70
  start-page: 56
  year: 2017
  ident: R66-20250806
  article-title: The Use of natalizumab in pediatric patients with active relapsing multiple sclerosis: a prospective study
  publication-title: Pediatr Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.01.017
– volume: 59
  start-page: 1006
  year: 2002
  ident: R1-20250806
  article-title: University of British Columbia MS clinic neurologists. early onset multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.59.7.1006
– volume: 25
  start-page: 319
  year: 2011
  ident: R15-20250806
  article-title: MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in childhood-onset multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Neuropsychology
  doi: 10.1037/a0022051
– volume: 44
  start-page: 102260
  year: 2020
  ident: R13-20250806
  article-title: Epidemiology of pediatric multiple sclerosis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Mult Scler Relat Disord
  doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102260
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1011
  year: 2021
  ident: R74-20250806
  article-title: Early predictors of 9-Year disability in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Ann Neurol
  doi: 10.1002/ana.26052
– volume: 71
  start-page: 783
  year: 2013
  ident: R11-20250806
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis starting before the age of 18 years: the Brazilian experience
  publication-title: Arq Neuropsiquiatr
  doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20130122
– volume: 15
  start-page: e1007808
  year: 2019
  ident: R28-20250806
  article-title: Admixture mapping reveals evidence of differential multiple sclerosis risk by genetic ancestry
  publication-title: PLoS Genet
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007808
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1146
  year: 2018
  ident: R42-20250806
  article-title: Urban air quality and associations with pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Ann Clin Transl Neurol
  doi: 10.1002/acn3.616
– volume: 29
  start-page: 943
  year: 2014
  ident: R60-20250806
  article-title: Functional relapses in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J Child Neurol
  doi: 10.1177/0883073813501873
– volume: 61
  start-page: 1039
  year: 2019
  ident: R58-20250806
  article-title: Paediatric multiple sclerosis: a new era in diagnosis and treatment
  publication-title: Dev Med Child Neurol
  doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14212
– volume: 175
  start-page: 19
  year: 2016
  ident: R8-20250806
  article-title: Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the pediatric population of Sardinia, Italy
  publication-title: Eur J Pediatr
  doi: 10.1007/s00431-015-2588-3
– volume: 6
  start-page: 75
  year: 2019
  ident: R59-20250806
  article-title: Differential diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Children (Basel)
– volume: 253
  start-page: 720
  year: 2006
  ident: R7-20250806
  article-title: Clinical characteristics and long term prognosis in early onset multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J Neurol
  doi: 10.1007/s00415-006-0095-1
– volume: 18
  start-page: 27
  year: 2018
  ident: R55-20250806
  article-title: Pediatric multiple sclerosis: a review
  publication-title: BMC Neurol
  doi: 10.1186/s12883-018-1026-3
– volume: 19
  start-page: 553
  year: 2013
  ident: R32-20250806
  article-title: Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk for multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458512459683
– volume: 81
  start-page: 1996
  year: 2013
  ident: R29-20250806
  article-title: Risk genes associated with pediatric-onset MS but not with monophasic acquired CNS demyelination
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000436934.40034eb
– volume: 139
  start-page: e20162838
  year: 2017
  ident: R33-20250806
  article-title: Maternal and perinatal exposures are associated with risk for pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Pediatrics
  doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2838
– volume: 80
  start-page: 548
  year: 2013
  ident: R35-20250806
  article-title: Childhood obesity and risk of pediatric multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828154f3
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1623
  year: 2017
  ident: R48-20250806
  article-title: Evidence for a causal relationship between low vitamin D, high BMI, and pediatric-onset MS
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003849
– volume: 154
  start-page: 69
  year: 2001
  ident: R41-20250806
  article-title: Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Am J Epidemiol
  doi: 10.1093/aje/154.1.69
– volume: 34
  start-page: 612
  year: 2019
  ident: R63-20250806
  article-title: A review of available treatments, clinical evidence, and guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric multiple sclerosis in the United States
  publication-title: J Child Neurol
  doi: 10.1177/0883073819855592
– volume: 21
  start-page: 735
  year: 2015
  ident: R52-20250806
  article-title: Puberty in females enhances the risk of an outcome of multiple sclerosis in children and the development of central nervous system autoimmunity in mice
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458514551453
– volume: 29
  start-page: 481
  year: 2011
  ident: R20-20250806
  article-title: Pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Neurol Clin
  doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.01.004
– volume: 13
  start-page: 975
  year: 2017
  ident: R4-20250806
  article-title: An update on multiple sclerosis in children: diagnosis, therapies, and prospects for the future
  publication-title: Expert Rev Clin Immunol
  doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2017.1360135
– volume: 76
  start-page: 1989
  year: 2011
  ident: R45-20250806
  article-title: Common viruses associated with lower pediatric multiple sclerosis risk
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821e552a
– volume: 311
  start-page: S53
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2011
  ident: R3-20250806
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis in childhood and adolescence
  publication-title: J Neurol Sci
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-510X(11)70010-7
– volume: 22
  start-page: 385
  year: 2016
  ident: R44-20250806
  article-title: Viral exposures and MS outcome in a prospective cohort of children with acquired demyelination
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458515595876
– volume: 6
  start-page: 73
  year: 2019
  ident: R61-20250806
  article-title: Long-term treatment strategies of pediatric multiple sclerosis, including the use of disease modifying therapies
  publication-title: Children (Basel)
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1086
  year: 2016
  ident: R73-20250806
  article-title: Prognostic indicators of secondary progression in a paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis cohort in Kuwait
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458515608960
– volume: 61
  start-page: 1289
  year: 2019
  ident: R36-20250806
  article-title: Body mass index trajectories in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Dev Med Child Neurol
  doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14233
– volume: 81
  start-page: 1392
  year: 2013
  ident: R43-20250806
  article-title: Epstein-Barr virus in oral shedding of children with multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a841e4
– volume: 111
  start-page: 359
  year: 1987
  ident: R5-20250806
  article-title: Multiple sclerosis in childhood: clinical profile in 125 patients
  publication-title: J Pediatr
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(87)80454-7
– volume: 13
  start-page: 981
  year: 2014
  ident: R37-20250806
  article-title: Obesity in autoimmune diseases: not a passive bystander
  publication-title: Autoimmun Rev
  doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.07.001
– volume: 21
  start-page: 441
  year: 2014
  ident: R51-20250806
  article-title: Clinical presentation of pediatric multiple sclerosis before puberty
  publication-title: Eur J Neurol
  doi: 10.1111/ene.12327
– volume: 77
  start-page: 67
  year: 2017
  ident: R30-20250806
  article-title: Breastfeeding during infancy is associated with a lower future risk of pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Pediatr Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.09.007
– volume: 130
  start-page: 2589
  issue: Pt 10
  year: 2007
  ident: R39-20250806
  article-title: Parental smoking at home and the risk of childhood-onset multiple sclerosis in children
  publication-title: Brain
  doi: 10.1093/brain/awm198
– volume: 6
  start-page: 773
  year: 2007
  ident: R16-20250806
  article-title: Clinical features and viral serologies in children with multiple sclerosis: a multinational observational study
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70196-5
– volume: 75
  start-page: 1134
  year: 2010
  ident: R24-20250806
  article-title: Cognitive and psychosocial features in childhood and juvenile MS: two-year follow-up
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f4d821
– volume: 2
  start-page: e97
  year: 2016
  ident: R50-20250806
  article-title: Mendelian randomization shows a causal effect of low vitamin D on multiple sclerosis risk
  publication-title: Neurol Genet
  doi: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000097
– volume: 353
  start-page: 107
  year: 2015
  ident: R10-20250806
  article-title: Incidence and prevalence of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis in Kuwait: 1994-2013
  publication-title: J Neurol Sci
  doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.04.025
– volume: 77
  start-page: 1143
  year: 2011
  ident: R9-20250806
  article-title: Incidence of acquired CNS demyelinating syndromes in a multiethnic cohort of children
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822facdd
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1222
  year: 2018
  ident: R47-20250806
  article-title: Heterogeneity in association of remote herpesvirus infections and pediatric MS
  publication-title: Ann Clin Transl Neurol
  doi: 10.1002/acn3.636
– volume: 8
  start-page: 71
  year: 2020
  ident: R56-20250806
  article-title: Current advances in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Biomedicines
  doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8040071
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1814
  year: 2021
  ident: R65-20250806
  article-title: Rituximab in patients with pediatric multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating disorders of the CNS: practical considerations
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458520932798
– volume: 356
  start-page: 2603
  year: 2007
  ident: R19-20250806
  article-title: Natural history of multiple sclerosis with childhood onset
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa067597
– volume: 16
  start-page: 87
  year: 2021
  ident: R68-20250806
  article-title: Dalfampridine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
  publication-title: Orphanet J Rare Dis
  doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01694-8
– volume: 2013
  start-page: 673947
  year: 2013
  ident: R69-20250806
  article-title: Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current concepts and consensus definitions
  publication-title: Autoimmune Dis
– volume: 7
  start-page: e749
  year: 2020
  ident: R67-20250806
  article-title: Serum neurofilament light chain is a useful biomarker in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
  doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000749
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1378
  year: 2012
  ident: R2-20250806
  article-title: Pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: J Child Neurol
  doi: 10.1177/0883073812452784
– volume: 94
  start-page: e932
  year: 2020
  ident: R77-20250806
  article-title: Determinants of quality of life in pediatric- and adult-onset multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Neurology
  doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008667
– volume: 22
  start-page: 193
  year: 2016
  ident: R54-20250806
  article-title: Menarche increases relapse risk in pediatric multiple sclerosis
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458515581873
– volume: 25
  start-page: 515
  year: 2019
  ident: R40-20250806
  article-title: The contribution of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure to pediatric multiple sclerosis risk
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458518757089
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1067
  year: 2018
  ident: R38-20250806
  article-title: Dietary factors and pediatric multiple sclerosis: a case-control study
  publication-title: Mult Scler
  doi: 10.1177/1352458517713343
– volume: 3
  start-page: 897
  year: 2016
  ident: R34-20250806
  article-title: Distinct effects of obesity and puberty on risk and age at onset of pediatric MS
  publication-title: Ann Clin Transl Neurol
  doi: 10.1002/acn3.365
SSID ssj0001053668
Score 2.293946
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Juvenile multiple sclerosis (JMS) is a rare but significant subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects a small percentage of patients under the age of 10...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 4433
SubjectTerms Review
Title Juvenile multiple sclerosis: addressing epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutic, and prognostic updates along with cognitive dysfunction and quality of life
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2860617619
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10473341
Volume 85
WOSCitedRecordID wos001169064900039&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2049-0801
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001053668
  issn: 2049-0801
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20130101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLbWgYAXxG2iXCYj8bamtE6axLxxFSC1mkQf-lY5id1lipKqacfGA_-Df8vxNcmYgD3Qh6hyaiv1-XIu9jmfEXoZ-CJUFcs0jEMvYHBhPpl4fMRTkgpCE5Gqwyai2SxeLOjxXu-2rYU5K6KyjM_P6fq_ihraQNiydPYa4naDQgN8B6HDFcQO138S_Jcd6C9415tcwRp-AcYwV9lvoGlU6mu5OuLN6bBqqjOddqdZB1qFWTbDU-ZywX1J8bpby5WC-ogVlV3MbRKRsotamsutzXTWhZtqK7_IRSf3qOFvtpv8qkfdKtaWenvDTk-_MX3a8ia_YBmT2dcOLMP3w-nQVB7VVeWSRmZsy6CrXuN9ywq2YqDZ3QL45zLRt453K_b9hJdZ3l4EIb7L8jK6kkCg44Hzq5v4FW1G2evzgQyoaUtzB4Em5DBeQBBoPq7fLIxmLp5-pZr50n6o2V3qEHpfMrQu_dFu_MMoy8uj9NANEk2otDHTH63lQlCWoSrsdH_LFoLS6NVVj9N1tJroqZv723Km5vfQXRMF4TcavffRHi8foFtTA4GH6KcFMbYgxg7Er3EDYdyG8AA7AA9wC74DDJDCDXixAS9W4MUSvNiBF7fAq_oZ8OJKYAneR2j-8cP83SfPHCLipf443EL0CLPBOIEwOkvBFydRKMiY-RzmMxIkI-MwC5I4EGxCJ4yOGLjcSRgmfsLA9mb-Adovq5I_RjilIADKZYDNA5GweBQIEUky70we1yf6yLcTvkwNwb4856VY_knefeS5XmtNMPOX37-wslyCJZDbe_DqVLt6SeJQxiPhmPZR3BGyG1hyyXfvlPmJ4pSXjC0-eLRPrvk4T9Gd5n18hva3mx1_jm6mZ9u83hyiXrSIDxWSfwHpeOwE
linkProvider ISSN International Centre
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Juvenile+multiple+sclerosis%3A+addressing+epidemiology%2C+diagnosis%2C+therapeutic%2C+and+prognostic+updates+along+with+cognitive+dysfunction+and+quality+of+life&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+medicine+and+surgery&rft.au=Prajjwal%2C+Priyadarshi&rft.au=M.D.M.%2C+Marsool&rft.au=Natarajan%2C+Balaganesh&rft.au=Inban%2C+Pugazhendi&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft.issn=2049-0801&rft.eissn=2049-0801&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4433&rft.epage=4441&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2FMS9.0000000000000930&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1097_MS9_0000000000000930
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2049-0801&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2049-0801&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2049-0801&client=summon