QUACS: Routing Data Packets in Ad Hoc Networks on Buffer-Constrained Load Balancing Conditions During Emergency Rescue Crisis

Mobile wireless networks have been gaining popularity since the turn of the new millennium as they enable communication to take place without fixed communication infrastructure. This form of communication, which has been made possible by radio links proved its usefulness during emergency medical res...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Wireless personal communications Jg. 99; H. 3; S. 1345 - 1375
Hauptverfasser:	Chengetanai, Gibson, Osunmakinde, Isaac Olusegun
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York Springer US 01.04.2018 Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:	Ad hoc networks Algorithms Ant colony optimization Communication Communications Engineering Computer Communication Networks Computer networks Computer simulation Congestion Emergency medical services Emergency procedures Engineering Evacuation routing Load balancing Military communications Networks Packets (communication) Queues Rescue operations Shortest-path problems Signal,Image and Speech Processing Viral diseases Wireless communications Wireless networks Buffer MANET Optimisation Model Wireless network Routing Queuing Protocol Communication Ant colony system
ISSN:	0929-6212, 1572-834X
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Abstract	Mobile wireless networks have been gaining popularity since the turn of the new millennium as they enable communication to take place without fixed communication infrastructure. This form of communication, which has been made possible by radio links proved its usefulness during emergency medical rescues such as an Ebola pandemic, battlefield communications or other emergency situations, where quick communication is of paramount importance. Nature-inspired algorithms such as AntHocNet, AntSense, among other ant inspired techniques, have been mimicked in solving the communication challenges in wireless networks, but they focus mostly on the ‘next-hop’ in determining routing of data packets from the source to the destination, which tends to suffer from congestion-related problems. Ant routing methods focus more on next-hop neighbours when choosing the shortest path which might have many data packets and are prone to congestion. Focusing on the next-hop neighbours poses a challenge of having other nodes that end up being congested. This problem of routes being heavily used, often decreases throughput rates, leading to the proposed Queuing Ant Colony System (QUACS) which is a bio-inspired, complementing the queuing optimisation approach in routing of data packets across the network. The results of simulations show that QUACS performs better in throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and communication overhead than other ant routing algorithms. This study is particularly beneficial in the ad hoc networks where the QUACS routing method can greatly assist in faster communication and evacuation in emergency for treatment of patients during emergency medical rescue operations.
AbstractList	Mobile wireless networks have been gaining popularity since the turn of the new millennium as they enable communication to take place without fixed communication infrastructure. This form of communication, which has been made possible by radio links proved its usefulness during emergency medical rescues such as an Ebola pandemic, battlefield communications or other emergency situations, where quick communication is of paramount importance. Nature-inspired algorithms such as AntHocNet, AntSense, among other ant inspired techniques, have been mimicked in solving the communication challenges in wireless networks, but they focus mostly on the ‘next-hop’ in determining routing of data packets from the source to the destination, which tends to suffer from congestion-related problems. Ant routing methods focus more on next-hop neighbours when choosing the shortest path which might have many data packets and are prone to congestion. Focusing on the next-hop neighbours poses a challenge of having other nodes that end up being congested. This problem of routes being heavily used, often decreases throughput rates, leading to the proposed Queuing Ant Colony System (QUACS) which is a bio-inspired, complementing the queuing optimisation approach in routing of data packets across the network. The results of simulations show that QUACS performs better in throughput, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and communication overhead than other ant routing algorithms. This study is particularly beneficial in the ad hoc networks where the QUACS routing method can greatly assist in faster communication and evacuation in emergency for treatment of patients during emergency medical rescue operations.
Author	Chengetanai, Gibson Osunmakinde, Isaac Olusegun
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Gibson surname: Chengetanai fullname: Chengetanai, Gibson organization: School of Computing, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa – sequence: 2 givenname: Isaac Olusegun surname: Osunmakinde fullname: Osunmakinde, Isaac Olusegun email: osunmio@unisa.ac.za organization: School of Computing, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa
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SubjectTerms	Ad hoc networks Algorithms Ant colony optimization Communication Communications Engineering Computer Communication Networks Computer networks Computer simulation Congestion Emergency medical services Emergency procedures Engineering Evacuation routing Load balancing Military communications Networks Packets (communication) Queues Rescue operations Shortest-path problems Signal,Image and Speech Processing Viral diseases Wireless communications Wireless networks
Title	QUACS: Routing Data Packets in Ad Hoc Networks on Buffer-Constrained Load Balancing Conditions During Emergency Rescue Crisis
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