The effect of mining and road development on habitat fragmentation and connectivity of khulan (Equus hemionus) in Northwestern China
Habitat use by wild animals may be subject to spatial and temporal changes. The Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve (KNR), inhabited by >80 % of Chinese khulan (Equus hemionus), is one of the most important desert ungulate reserves in Northwestern China. However, frequent human disturbance...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biological conservation Jg. 275; S. 109770 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2022
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| ISSN: | 0006-3207, 1873-2917 |
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| Abstract | Habitat use by wild animals may be subject to spatial and temporal changes. The Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve (KNR), inhabited by >80 % of Chinese khulan (Equus hemionus), is one of the most important desert ungulate reserves in Northwestern China. However, frequent human disturbance caused by mining development and road construction in KNR has interfered with or completely blocked their movement and access to parts of the reserve. In our study, we assessed the distribution of suitable habitat and ecological corridors of khulan before the mining development (2005), at the peak of mining development (2011), and after ecological restoration and expressway construction (2019). The results showed that most of the core habitat and ecological corridors of khulan were concentrated in the middle of the reserve and on the east side of the road. The habitat of khulan in KNR went from a good natural habitat in 2005 to deterioration due to mining development in 2011. Then it partially recovered due to ecological restoration from 2015 onwards. However, in 2019, road construction likely hindered its recovery to pre-mining levels. The location of corridors accordingly varied with the change of core habitat in different years. Nevertheless, the corridors intersecting roads generally had higher centrality values, indicating their higher importance. Our study revealed the significant impacts that mining development and road construction have had on the distribution of core habitats, ecological corridors, and movement of khulan. These results provide a scientific basis and valuable arguments for strengthening habitat connectivity for khulan. |
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| AbstractList | Habitat use by wild animals may be subject to spatial and temporal changes. The Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve (KNR), inhabited by >80 % of Chinese khulan (Equus hemionus), is one of the most important desert ungulate reserves in Northwestern China. However, frequent human disturbance caused by mining development and road construction in KNR has interfered with or completely blocked their movement and access to parts of the reserve. In our study, we assessed the distribution of suitable habitat and ecological corridors of khulan before the mining development (2005), at the peak of mining development (2011), and after ecological restoration and expressway construction (2019). The results showed that most of the core habitat and ecological corridors of khulan were concentrated in the middle of the reserve and on the east side of the road. The habitat of khulan in KNR went from a good natural habitat in 2005 to deterioration due to mining development in 2011. Then it partially recovered due to ecological restoration from 2015 onwards. However, in 2019, road construction likely hindered its recovery to pre-mining levels. The location of corridors accordingly varied with the change of core habitat in different years. Nevertheless, the corridors intersecting roads generally had higher centrality values, indicating their higher importance. Our study revealed the significant impacts that mining development and road construction have had on the distribution of core habitats, ecological corridors, and movement of khulan. These results provide a scientific basis and valuable arguments for strengthening habitat connectivity for khulan. Habitat use by wild animals may be subject to spatial and temporal changes. The Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve (KNR), inhabited by >80 % of Chinese khulan (Equus hemionus), is one of the most important desert ungulate reserves in Northwestern China. However, frequent human disturbance caused by mining development and road construction in KNR has interfered with or completely blocked their movement and access to parts of the reserve. In our study, we assessed the distribution of suitable habitat and ecological corridors of khulan before the mining development (2005), at the peak of mining development (2011), and after ecological restoration and expressway construction (2019). The results showed that most of the core habitat and ecological corridors of khulan were concentrated in the middle of the reserve and on the east side of the road. The habitat of khulan in KNR went from a good natural habitat in 2005 to deterioration due to mining development in 2011. Then it partially recovered due to ecological restoration from 2015 onwards. However, in 2019, road construction likely hindered its recovery to pre-mining levels. The location of corridors accordingly varied with the change of core habitat in different years. Nevertheless, the corridors intersecting roads generally had higher centrality values, indicating their higher importance. Our study revealed the significant impacts that mining development and road construction have had on the distribution of core habitats, ecological corridors, and movement of khulan. These results provide a scientific basis and valuable arguments for strengthening habitat connectivity for khulan. |
| ArticleNumber | 109770 |
| Author | Chen, Chen Zhuo, Yingying Ruckstuhl, Kathreen E. da Silva, António Alves Wang, Muyang Alves, Joana Xu, Wenxuan Yang, Weikang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yingying surname: Zhuo fullname: Zhuo, Yingying organization: State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Wenxuan surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Wenxuan organization: State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Muyang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Muyang email: wangmuyang@ms.xjb.ac.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Chen surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Chen organization: State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China – sequence: 5 givenname: António Alves surname: da Silva fullname: da Silva, António Alves organization: Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal – sequence: 6 givenname: Weikang surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Weikang email: yangwk@ms.xjb.ac.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Kathreen E. surname: Ruckstuhl fullname: Ruckstuhl, Kathreen E. organization: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada – sequence: 8 givenname: Joana surname: Alves fullname: Alves, Joana organization: Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal |
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| Keywords | Mining development Connectivity Space use Animal movement Road construction |
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| SubjectTerms | Animal movement anthropogenic activities China Connectivity conservation areas ecological restoration Equus hemionus habitat connectivity habitat fragmentation habitat preferences Mining development Road construction roads Space use ungulates |
| Title | The effect of mining and road development on habitat fragmentation and connectivity of khulan (Equus hemionus) in Northwestern China |
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