Financial resilience of rural hospitals: Prepandemic vulnerabilities and Provider Relief Funds’ role during COVID‐19

Purpose Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID‐19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs) offered essential support, their impact varied, highlighting the need to examine how prepandemic financial health influenced rural hospitals’ fina...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Journal of rural health Jg. 41; H. 3; S. e70060 - n/a
Hauptverfasser: Karim, Saleema A., Carroll, Nathan W., Song, Paula H., Atherly, Adam
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2025
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ISSN:0890-765X, 1748-0361, 1748-0361
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Abstract Purpose Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID‐19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs) offered essential support, their impact varied, highlighting the need to examine how prepandemic financial health influenced rural hospitals’ financial performance during the pandemic. This study evaluates PRF's role across three hospital categories: financially strained (low operating margin), financially vulnerable (midrange operating margin), and financially strong (high operating margin). Methods A cohort study with a pre–post research design analyzed 2243 US rural hospitals from 2017 to 2022. The sample included short‐term general acute nonfederal hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals in nonmetropolitan counties and rural tracts within metropolitan counties. Financial health was assessed using operating margin measures and total margins with and without PRF across four time periods: pre‐COVID‐19 (2017–2019), COVID‐19 Year 1 (2020), Year 2 (2021), and Year 3 (2022). Findings Financially strained and vulnerable hospitals represented 85% of rural hospitals. Financially strained hospitals had the lowest average operating margins from patient services (−17.36%), trailing financially vulnerable (−3.09%), and financially strong (8.04%). In COVID‐19 Year 1, operating margins declined across all categories. PRF increased total margins for financially strained hospitals to 8.39% in 2021 before dropping to 0.76% in 2022. Financially vulnerable hospitals also benefited, while financially strong hospitals remained profitable even without PRF. Conclusion PRF played a critical role in stabilizing rural hospitals, mitigating financial declines, and preventing closures. Its expiration leaves many hospitals facing renewed financial pressures. Addressing long‐term financial challenges through sustainable funding strategies and operational adaptations will be essential to preserving health care access in rural communities.
AbstractList Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID-19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs) offered essential support, their impact varied, highlighting the need to examine how prepandemic financial health influenced rural hospitals' financial performance during the pandemic. This study evaluates PRF's role across three hospital categories: financially strained (low operating margin), financially vulnerable (midrange operating margin), and financially strong (high operating margin). A cohort study with a pre-post research design analyzed 2243 US rural hospitals from 2017 to 2022. The sample included short-term general acute nonfederal hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals in nonmetropolitan counties and rural tracts within metropolitan counties. Financial health was assessed using operating margin measures and total margins with and without PRF across four time periods: pre-COVID-19 (2017-2019), COVID-19 Year 1 (2020), Year 2 (2021), and Year 3 (2022). Financially strained and vulnerable hospitals represented 85% of rural hospitals. Financially strained hospitals had the lowest average operating margins from patient services (-17.36%), trailing financially vulnerable (-3.09%), and financially strong (8.04%). In COVID-19 Year 1, operating margins declined across all categories. PRF increased total margins for financially strained hospitals to 8.39% in 2021 before dropping to 0.76% in 2022. Financially vulnerable hospitals also benefited, while financially strong hospitals remained profitable even without PRF. PRF played a critical role in stabilizing rural hospitals, mitigating financial declines, and preventing closures. Its expiration leaves many hospitals facing renewed financial pressures. Addressing long-term financial challenges through sustainable funding strategies and operational adaptations will be essential to preserving health care access in rural communities.
Purpose Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID‐19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs) offered essential support, their impact varied, highlighting the need to examine how prepandemic financial health influenced rural hospitals’ financial performance during the pandemic. This study evaluates PRF's role across three hospital categories: financially strained (low operating margin), financially vulnerable (midrange operating margin), and financially strong (high operating margin). Methods A cohort study with a pre–post research design analyzed 2243 US rural hospitals from 2017 to 2022. The sample included short‐term general acute nonfederal hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals in nonmetropolitan counties and rural tracts within metropolitan counties. Financial health was assessed using operating margin measures and total margins with and without PRF across four time periods: pre‐COVID‐19 (2017–2019), COVID‐19 Year 1 (2020), Year 2 (2021), and Year 3 (2022). Findings Financially strained and vulnerable hospitals represented 85% of rural hospitals. Financially strained hospitals had the lowest average operating margins from patient services (−17.36%), trailing financially vulnerable (−3.09%), and financially strong (8.04%). In COVID‐19 Year 1, operating margins declined across all categories. PRF increased total margins for financially strained hospitals to 8.39% in 2021 before dropping to 0.76% in 2022. Financially vulnerable hospitals also benefited, while financially strong hospitals remained profitable even without PRF. Conclusion PRF played a critical role in stabilizing rural hospitals, mitigating financial declines, and preventing closures. Its expiration leaves many hospitals facing renewed financial pressures. Addressing long‐term financial challenges through sustainable funding strategies and operational adaptations will be essential to preserving health care access in rural communities.
Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID-19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs) offered essential support, their impact varied, highlighting the need to examine how prepandemic financial health influenced rural hospitals' financial performance during the pandemic. This study evaluates PRF's role across three hospital categories: financially strained (low operating margin), financially vulnerable (midrange operating margin), and financially strong (high operating margin).PURPOSERural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID-19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs) offered essential support, their impact varied, highlighting the need to examine how prepandemic financial health influenced rural hospitals' financial performance during the pandemic. This study evaluates PRF's role across three hospital categories: financially strained (low operating margin), financially vulnerable (midrange operating margin), and financially strong (high operating margin).A cohort study with a pre-post research design analyzed 2243 US rural hospitals from 2017 to 2022. The sample included short-term general acute nonfederal hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals in nonmetropolitan counties and rural tracts within metropolitan counties. Financial health was assessed using operating margin measures and total margins with and without PRF across four time periods: pre-COVID-19 (2017-2019), COVID-19 Year 1 (2020), Year 2 (2021), and Year 3 (2022).METHODSA cohort study with a pre-post research design analyzed 2243 US rural hospitals from 2017 to 2022. The sample included short-term general acute nonfederal hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals in nonmetropolitan counties and rural tracts within metropolitan counties. Financial health was assessed using operating margin measures and total margins with and without PRF across four time periods: pre-COVID-19 (2017-2019), COVID-19 Year 1 (2020), Year 2 (2021), and Year 3 (2022).Financially strained and vulnerable hospitals represented 85% of rural hospitals. Financially strained hospitals had the lowest average operating margins from patient services (-17.36%), trailing financially vulnerable (-3.09%), and financially strong (8.04%). In COVID-19 Year 1, operating margins declined across all categories. PRF increased total margins for financially strained hospitals to 8.39% in 2021 before dropping to 0.76% in 2022. Financially vulnerable hospitals also benefited, while financially strong hospitals remained profitable even without PRF.FINDINGSFinancially strained and vulnerable hospitals represented 85% of rural hospitals. Financially strained hospitals had the lowest average operating margins from patient services (-17.36%), trailing financially vulnerable (-3.09%), and financially strong (8.04%). In COVID-19 Year 1, operating margins declined across all categories. PRF increased total margins for financially strained hospitals to 8.39% in 2021 before dropping to 0.76% in 2022. Financially vulnerable hospitals also benefited, while financially strong hospitals remained profitable even without PRF.PRF played a critical role in stabilizing rural hospitals, mitigating financial declines, and preventing closures. Its expiration leaves many hospitals facing renewed financial pressures. Addressing long-term financial challenges through sustainable funding strategies and operational adaptations will be essential to preserving health care access in rural communities.CONCLUSIONPRF played a critical role in stabilizing rural hospitals, mitigating financial declines, and preventing closures. Its expiration leaves many hospitals facing renewed financial pressures. Addressing long-term financial challenges through sustainable funding strategies and operational adaptations will be essential to preserving health care access in rural communities.
Purpose Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID‐19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs) offered essential support, their impact varied, highlighting the need to examine how prepandemic financial health influenced rural hospitals’ financial performance during the pandemic. This study evaluates PRF's role across three hospital categories: financially strained (low operating margin), financially vulnerable (midrange operating margin), and financially strong (high operating margin). Methods A cohort study with a pre–post research design analyzed 2243 US rural hospitals from 2017 to 2022. The sample included short‐term general acute nonfederal hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals in nonmetropolitan counties and rural tracts within metropolitan counties. Financial health was assessed using operating margin measures and total margins with and without PRF across four time periods: pre‐COVID‐19 (2017–2019), COVID‐19 Year 1 (2020), Year 2 (2021), and Year 3 (2022). Findings Financially strained and vulnerable hospitals represented 85% of rural hospitals. Financially strained hospitals had the lowest average operating margins from patient services (−17.36%), trailing financially vulnerable (−3.09%), and financially strong (8.04%). In COVID‐19 Year 1, operating margins declined across all categories. PRF increased total margins for financially strained hospitals to 8.39% in 2021 before dropping to 0.76% in 2022. Financially vulnerable hospitals also benefited, while financially strong hospitals remained profitable even without PRF. Conclusion PRF played a critical role in stabilizing rural hospitals, mitigating financial declines, and preventing closures. Its expiration leaves many hospitals facing renewed financial pressures. Addressing long‐term financial challenges through sustainable funding strategies and operational adaptations will be essential to preserving health care access in rural communities.
Author Song, Paula H.
Karim, Saleema A.
Carroll, Nathan W.
Atherly, Adam
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  organization: Virginia Commonwealth University
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Keywords Provider Relief Funds
COVID‐19
financial performance
rural hospitals
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Snippet Purpose Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID‐19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs)...
Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID-19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs) offered...
Purpose Rural hospitals struggling with prepandemic financial instability faced heightened challenges during COVID‐19. While Provider Relief Funds (PRFs)...
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pubmed
crossref
wiley
SourceType Aggregation Database
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Publisher
StartPage e70060
SubjectTerms Classification
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
COVID-19
COVID-19 - economics
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Financial performance
Funds
Health care access
Health services
Hospitals
Hospitals, Rural - economics
Hospitals, Rural - organization & administration
Hospitals, Rural - statistics & numerical data
Humans
Pandemics
Provider Relief Funds
Research design
Resilience
Rural areas
Rural communities
Rural health care
rural hospitals
SARS-CoV-2
Time periods
United States - epidemiology
Vulnerability
Title Financial resilience of rural hospitals: Prepandemic vulnerabilities and Provider Relief Funds’ role during COVID‐19
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjrh.70060
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40702681
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3251637063
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3232757542
Volume 41
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