Ivan Ilyin’s views on war and violence and their use among Russian religious and military audiences, 2005–2023
Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin (1883–1954) was a Russian philosopher whose writings have recently resurfaced among Russian political elites and in contemporary Russian Orthodox Church discourse. This article provides a reading of Ilyin’s main works on violence, The Basic Moral Contradiction of War (1914)...
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| Published in: | Studies in East European thought Vol. 77; no. 6; pp. 1227 - 1240 |
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| Language: | English |
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01.12.2025
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| Abstract | Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin (1883–1954) was a Russian philosopher whose writings have recently resurfaced among Russian political elites and in contemporary Russian Orthodox Church discourse. This article provides a reading of Ilyin’s main works on violence,
The Basic Moral Contradiction of War
(1914) and
On Resistance to Evil by Force
(1925), outlining how Ilyin’s texts have been utilised by both the Russian Orthodox Church and security service actors from 2005 to 2023. The case study demonstrates that Ilyin’s writings have been instrumentalised by these groups to support arguments in favour of soldiering and for a deeper connection between the church and the military. This article contributes to our understanding of religious militancy in Russian Orthodox discourse by examining an inherent tension in both Ilyin’s work and its reception among Russian religious and military audiences. The article concludes that both Ilyin and references to his works made by individuals associated with the Russian Orthodox Church rely on a problematically subjective conception of morality and attribute virtue to soldiering. |
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| AbstractList | Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin (1883–1954) was a Russian philosopher whose writings have recently resurfaced among Russian political elites and in contemporary Russian Orthodox Church discourse. This article provides a reading of Ilyin’s main works on violence,
The Basic Moral Contradiction of War
(1914) and
On Resistance to Evil by Force
(1925), outlining how Ilyin’s texts have been utilised by both the Russian Orthodox Church and security service actors from 2005 to 2023. The case study demonstrates that Ilyin’s writings have been instrumentalised by these groups to support arguments in favour of soldiering and for a deeper connection between the church and the military. This article contributes to our understanding of religious militancy in Russian Orthodox discourse by examining an inherent tension in both Ilyin’s work and its reception among Russian religious and military audiences. The article concludes that both Ilyin and references to his works made by individuals associated with the Russian Orthodox Church rely on a problematically subjective conception of morality and attribute virtue to soldiering. Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin (1883–1954) was a Russian philosopher whose writings have recently resurfaced among Russian political elites and in contemporary Russian Orthodox Church discourse. This article provides a reading of Ilyin’s main works on violence, The Basic Moral Contradiction of War (1914) and On Resistance to Evil by Force (1925), outlining how Ilyin’s texts have been utilised by both the Russian Orthodox Church and security service actors from 2005 to 2023. The case study demonstrates that Ilyin’s writings have been instrumentalised by these groups to support arguments in favour of soldiering and for a deeper connection between the church and the military. This article contributes to our understanding of religious militancy in Russian Orthodox discourse by examining an inherent tension in both Ilyin’s work and its reception among Russian religious and military audiences. The article concludes that both Ilyin and references to his works made by individuals associated with the Russian Orthodox Church rely on a problematically subjective conception of morality and attribute virtue to soldiering. |
| Author | Kytöneva, Santeri |
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| References | Stanley Harakas (9714_CR6) 2011 Dmitry Vasilenkov (9714_CR44) 2022 Ivan Il’in (9714_CR12) 1939; 10 Hanuš Nykl (9714_CR24) 2024 Betsy Perabo (9714_CR26) 2017 Alexander Webster (9714_CR45) 2003; 47 Aleksandr Kiselev (9714_CR18) 2014 Katri Pynnöniemi (9714_CR29) 2021 9714_CR10 9714_CR13 9714_CR35 9714_CR34 9714_CR37 9714_CR36 Ivan Ilyin (9714_CR17) 2018 9714_CR39 Ivan Il’in (9714_CR7) 1914; 125 9714_CR38 Magnus Ljunggren (9714_CR20) 2017 Boris Knorre (9714_CR19) 2020; 11 Ilya Budraitskis (9714_CR3) 2022 Ivan Il’in (9714_CR15) 1994 Ivan Il’in (9714_CR14) 1994 Dmitry Adamsky (9714_CR1) 2019 Igor Demidov (9714_CR4) 2004 Mitchel Eltchaninoff (9714_CR5) 2018 9714_CR22 9714_CR21 9714_CR43 9714_CR23 Ivan Il’in (9714_CR8) 1915 9714_CR9 Timothy Snyder (9714_CR31) 2018 Yuri Stoyanov (9714_CR33) 2009 9714_CR40 Ivan Il’in (9714_CR11) 1938 9714_CR42 9714_CR41 Vladimir Solovyov (9714_CR32) 1915 Nikolai Poltoratskii (9714_CR27) 1989 Nikolai Berdyaev (9714_CR2) 1926; 4 9714_CR28 Ivan Il’in (9714_CR16) 2004 Jardar Østbø (9714_CR25) 2016; 33 Paul Robinson (9714_CR30) 2003; 2 |
| References_xml | – volume-title: On resistance to evil by force year: 2018 ident: 9714_CR17 – ident: 9714_CR23 – start-page: 63 volume-title: Dissidents among dissidents: Ideology, politics and the left in post-Soviet Russia year: 2022 ident: 9714_CR3 – ident: 9714_CR21 – volume: 47 start-page: 3 issue: 1 year: 2003 ident: 9714_CR45 publication-title: St. Vladimir’s Theological Quarterly – start-page: 230 volume-title: Ivan Aleksandrovich Il’in year: 2014 ident: 9714_CR18 – volume-title: Dukhovnyı smysl voiıny year: 1915 ident: 9714_CR8 – volume-title: War and christianity: From the Russian point of view. Three conversations by Vladimir Solovyof with an introduction by Stephen Graham year: 1915 ident: 9714_CR32 – ident: 9714_CR39 – volume: 4 start-page: 103 year: 1926 ident: 9714_CR2 publication-title: Put’ – volume: 33 start-page: 200 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: 9714_CR25 publication-title: Post-Soviet Affairs doi: 10.1080/1060586X.2016.1251023 – ident: 9714_CR43 – volume-title: Russian nuclear orthodoxy: Religion, politics, and strategy year: 2019 ident: 9714_CR1 – volume-title: Inside the mind of Vladimir Putin year: 2018 ident: 9714_CR5 – start-page: 39 volume-title: Russkoe Zarubezh’e Gosudarstvenno-patrioticheskaia i voennaia mysl’ year: 1994 ident: 9714_CR15 – ident: 9714_CR37 – volume-title: Na voıne year: 2022 ident: 9714_CR44 – ident: 9714_CR35 – ident: 9714_CR41 – ident: 9714_CR10 – volume-title: Osnovy bor’by za natcional’nuiu Rossiiu year: 1938 ident: 9714_CR11 – volume-title: The road to unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America year: 2018 ident: 9714_CR31 – volume: 125 start-page: 797 issue: 5 year: 1914 ident: 9714_CR7 publication-title: Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii – start-page: 569 volume-title: I.A. Il’in: Pro Et Contra Lichnost’ i tvorchestvo Ivana Il’ina v vospominaniiakh, dokumentakh i otsenkakh russkikh mysliteleĭ i issledovateleĭ year: 2004 ident: 9714_CR4 – volume: 10 start-page: 32 issue: 232–233 year: 1939 ident: 9714_CR12 publication-title: Chasovoi (La Sentinelle) – ident: 9714_CR28 – ident: 9714_CR22 – ident: 9714_CR34 – volume-title: Ivan Aleksandrovich Il’in: Zhizn’, trudy, mirovozzrenie. Sbornik stateĭ year: 1989 ident: 9714_CR27 – year: 2024 ident: 9714_CR24 publication-title: Studies in East European Thought doi: 10.1007/s11212-024-09631-8 – start-page: 115 volume-title: Poetry and psychiatry: Essays on early twentieth-century Russian symbolist culture year: 2017 ident: 9714_CR20 doi: 10.2307/j.ctt1zxsj5p – start-page: 81 volume-title: Nexus of patriotism and militarism in Russia: A quest for internal cohesion year: 2021 ident: 9714_CR29 doi: 10.2307/j.ctv1qp9h9r – ident: 9714_CR40 – ident: 9714_CR38 – ident: 9714_CR13 – ident: 9714_CR36 – volume: 2 start-page: 145 issue: 2 year: 2003 ident: 9714_CR30 publication-title: Journal of Military Ethics doi: 10.1080/15027570310000289 – ident: 9714_CR9 – ident: 9714_CR42 – start-page: 572 volume-title: I.A. Il’in: Pro Et Contra Lichnost’ i tvorchestvo Ivana Il’ina v vospominaniiakh, dokumentakh i otsenkakh russkikh mysliteleĭ i issledovateleĭ year: 2004 ident: 9714_CR16 – start-page: 166 volume-title: World religions and norms of war year: 2009 ident: 9714_CR33 – volume-title: Filosofiia Gegelia kak uchenie o konkretnosti Boga i cheloveka year: 1994 ident: 9714_CR14 – volume-title: Russian orthodoxy and the Russo-Japanese war year: 2017 ident: 9714_CR26 – start-page: 384 volume-title: For the peace from above: An orthodox resource book on war, peace and nationalism year: 2011 ident: 9714_CR6 – volume: 11 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 9714_CR19 publication-title: Religions doi: 10.3390/rel11010002 |
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| SubjectTerms | Audiences Bolshevism Case studies Discourse Eastern Orthodox churches Education History Militancy Morality Philosophers Philosophy Political elites Political Philosophy Political Science Resistance Subjectivity Violence War |
| Title | Ivan Ilyin’s views on war and violence and their use among Russian religious and military audiences, 2005–2023 |
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