Woody vegetation of a mosaic of protected areas adjacent to the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Methods: A Two‐Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWIN‐SPAN) based on composition and structure was applied to woody...

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Vydané v:	Journal of vegetation science Ročník 18; číslo 6; s. 807 - 814
Hlavní autori:	Peel, M.J.S, Kruger, J.M, MacFadyen, S
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2007 Opulus Press Opulus Press AB
Predmet:	Agricultural management botanical composition conservation areas Forest management Forests and forestry geographic information systems image analysis indicator species Landsat Landscape ecology Landscapes Management Methods monitoring National parks Natural history Pattern Plant communities Protected areas Remote sensing Savanna Savannas Scale South Africa Structure surveys Trans-frontier Conservation Area TWINSPAN Vegetation Vegetation map Vegetation mapping Vegetation structure Woodlands woody plants South Africa
ISSN:	1100-9233, 1654-1103
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Abstract	Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Methods: A Two‐Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWIN‐SPAN) based on composition and structure was applied to woody survey data. The resulting TWINSPAN classes for individual monitoring sites were used in a supervised classification of Landsat ETM⁺ imagery across the study area. The training sample's co‐ordinates were fed into a GIS and the resulting TWINSPAN point‐feature shape file was processed using a 1 km theme‐buffer function. Results: The supervised classification using the theme‐buffer signatures yielded a satisfactory overall accuracy (κ= 0.75; r²= 0.80; p= 0.05) using a test sample compiled by reserve wardens throughout the study area. The derived vegetation map was smoothed using a majority filter and after on‐screen digitizing a small gabbro intrusion, it was accepted as the best representation of the woody vegetation of the study area at a scale of 1:250 000. Seven plant communities were identified in the current study and satisfactorily accommodated within various topographical units of four extrapolated Landscapes of the Kruger National Park. Conclusions: Vegetation patterns are described of the areas under conservation management to the west of the KNP at a spatial scale that allows for the meaningful examination and comparison of the structure, functioning, and ultimately effective management, of these savannas. This contribution thus links to the co‐ordinated effort extending into the Trans‐Frontier National Park in Mocambique. A key objective is to better understand the functioning of these savanna systems for effective management and we discuss some of the key ecological issues within the plant communities of each landscape. The latter illustrate the usefulness of the technique in practice.
AbstractList	Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Methods: A Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) based on composition and structure was applied to woody survey data. The resulting TWINSPAN classes for individual monitoring sites were used in a supervised classification of Landsat$ETM^+$imagery across the study area. The training sample's co-ordinates were fed into a GIS and the resulting TWINSPAN point-feature shape file was processed using a 1 km theme-buffer function. Results: The supervised classification using the theme-buffer signatures yielded a satisfactory overall accuracy ($\kappa = 0.75$; r2= 0.80; p = 0.05) using a test sample compiled by reserve wardens throughout the study area. The derived vegetation map was smoothed using a majority filter and after on-screen digitizing a small gabbro intrusion, it was accepted as the best representation of the woody vegetation of the study area at a scale of 1:250 000. Seven plant communities were identified in the current study and satisfactorily accommodated within various topographical units of four extrapolated Landscapes of the Kruger National Park. Conclusions: Vegetation patterns are described of the areas under conservation management to the west of the KNP at a spatial scale that allows for the meaningful examination and comparison of the structure, functioning, and ultimately effective management, of these savannas. This contribution thus links to the co-ordinated effort extending into the Trans-Frontier National Park in Mocambique. A key objective is to better understand the functioning of these savanna systems for effective management and we discuss some of the key ecological issues within the plant communities of each landscape. The latter illustrate the usefulness of the technique in practice. Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Methods: A Two‐Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWIN‐SPAN) based on composition and structure was applied to woody survey data. The resulting TWINSPAN classes for individual monitoring sites were used in a supervised classification of Landsat ETM+ imagery across the study area. The training sample's co‐ordinates were fed into a GIS and the resulting TWINSPAN point‐feature shape file was processed using a 1 km theme‐buffer function. Results: The supervised classification using the theme‐buffer signatures yielded a satisfactory overall accuracy (κ= 0.75; r2= 0.80; p= 0.05) using a test sample compiled by reserve wardens throughout the study area. The derived vegetation map was smoothed using a majority filter and after on‐screen digitizing a small gabbro intrusion, it was accepted as the best representation of the woody vegetation of the study area at a scale of 1:250 000. Seven plant communities were identified in the current study and satisfactorily accommodated within various topographical units of four extrapolated Landscapes of the Kruger National Park. Conclusions: Vegetation patterns are described of the areas under conservation management to the west of the KNP at a spatial scale that allows for the meaningful examination and comparison of the structure, functioning, and ultimately effective management, of these savannas. This contribution thus links to the co‐ordinated effort extending into the Trans‐Frontier National Park in Mocambique. A key objective is to better understand the functioning of these savanna systems for effective management and we discuss some of the key ecological issues within the plant communities of each landscape. The latter illustrate the usefulness of the technique in practice. Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Methods: A Two‐Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWIN‐SPAN) based on composition and structure was applied to woody survey data. The resulting TWINSPAN classes for individual monitoring sites were used in a supervised classification of Landsat ETM + imagery across the study area. The training sample's co‐ordinates were fed into a GIS and the resulting TWINSPAN point‐feature shape file was processed using a 1 km theme‐buffer function. Results: The supervised classification using the theme‐buffer signatures yielded a satisfactory overall accuracy (κ= 0.75; r 2 = 0.80; p = 0.05) using a test sample compiled by reserve wardens throughout the study area. The derived vegetation map was smoothed using a majority filter and after on‐screen digitizing a small gabbro intrusion, it was accepted as the best representation of the woody vegetation of the study area at a scale of 1:250 000. Seven plant communities were identified in the current study and satisfactorily accommodated within various topographical units of four extrapolated Landscapes of the Kruger National Park. Conclusions: Vegetation patterns are described of the areas under conservation management to the west of the KNP at a spatial scale that allows for the meaningful examination and comparison of the structure, functioning, and ultimately effective management, of these savannas. This contribution thus links to the co‐ordinated effort extending into the Trans‐Frontier National Park in Mocambique. A key objective is to better understand the functioning of these savanna systems for effective management and we discuss some of the key ecological issues within the plant communities of each landscape. The latter illustrate the usefulness of the technique in practice. Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Methods: A Two‐Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWIN‐SPAN) based on composition and structure was applied to woody survey data. The resulting TWINSPAN classes for individual monitoring sites were used in a supervised classification of Landsat ETM⁺ imagery across the study area. The training sample's co‐ordinates were fed into a GIS and the resulting TWINSPAN point‐feature shape file was processed using a 1 km theme‐buffer function. Results: The supervised classification using the theme‐buffer signatures yielded a satisfactory overall accuracy (κ= 0.75; r²= 0.80; p= 0.05) using a test sample compiled by reserve wardens throughout the study area. The derived vegetation map was smoothed using a majority filter and after on‐screen digitizing a small gabbro intrusion, it was accepted as the best representation of the woody vegetation of the study area at a scale of 1:250 000. Seven plant communities were identified in the current study and satisfactorily accommodated within various topographical units of four extrapolated Landscapes of the Kruger National Park. Conclusions: Vegetation patterns are described of the areas under conservation management to the west of the KNP at a spatial scale that allows for the meaningful examination and comparison of the structure, functioning, and ultimately effective management, of these savannas. This contribution thus links to the co‐ordinated effort extending into the Trans‐Frontier National Park in Mocambique. A key objective is to better understand the functioning of these savanna systems for effective management and we discuss some of the key ecological issues within the plant communities of each landscape. The latter illustrate the usefulness of the technique in practice.
Audience	Academic
Author	Peel, M.J.S. MacFadyen, S. Kruger, J.M.
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Cites_doi	10.1017/S0376892997000088 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00309.x 10.2307/2529310 10.1023/A:1023964815201 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2005.00590.x 10.4102/koedoe.v29i1.525 10.1080/01431169608949085 10.1007/BF00033459 10.7312/alle10586 10.1017/CBO9780511565472 10.1080/10220119.1998.9647953 10.2307/1310366 10.4102/koedoe.v47i2.83 10.1023/A:1009746100894 10.4102/koedoe.v26i1.591 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00577.x 10.4102/abc.v14i3/4.1231 10.1177/001316446002000104 10.5751/ES-00428-060203
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References_xml	– reference: Tinley, K.L. 1979. Management ecology of the Sabi-Sand Wildtuin - Eastern Transvaal Lowveld. Report, Sabi Sand Wildtuin, ZA . – reference: Fielding, A.H. & Bell, J.F. 1997. A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environ. Conserv. 24: 38-49. – reference: Kennedy, A.D. & Potgieter, A.L.F. 2003. Fire season affects architecture of Colophospermum mopane in southern African savannas. Plant Ecol. 167:179-192. – reference: Zambatis, N. 1982. Water provision in the Klaserie Private Nature Reserve. Report, TPA Nature Conservation Division, Pretoria, ZA . – reference: Peel, M.J.S., Biggs, H. & Zacharias, P.J.K. 1998. The evolving use of stocking rate indices currently based on animal number and type in semi-arid heterogeneous landscapes and complex land-use sytems. Afr. J. Range For. Sci. 15: 117-127. – reference: Lewis, M.M. 1998. 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Snippet	Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger... Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger... Question: How is pattern detected and spatial scale defined in a manner that is meaningful to management? Location: Protected areas to the west of the Kruger...
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SubjectTerms	Agricultural management botanical composition conservation areas Forest management Forests and forestry geographic information systems image analysis indicator species Landsat Landscape ecology Landscapes Management Methods monitoring National parks Natural history Pattern Plant communities Protected areas Remote sensing Savanna Savannas Scale South Africa Structure surveys Trans-frontier Conservation Area TWINSPAN Vegetation Vegetation map Vegetation mapping Vegetation structure Woodlands woody plants
Title	Woody vegetation of a mosaic of protected areas adjacent to the Kruger National Park, South Africa
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