Multi-Layer Cryptosystem Using Reversible Cellular Automata
The growing need for adaptable and efficient hardware-based encryption methods has led to increased interest in unconventional models such as cellular automata (CA). This study presents the hardware design and the field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation of a multi-layer symmetric b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Electronics (Basel) Jg. 14; H. 13; S. 2627 |
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| Abstract | The growing need for adaptable and efficient hardware-based encryption methods has led to increased interest in unconventional models such as cellular automata (CA). This study presents the hardware design and the field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation of a multi-layer symmetric block encryption algorithm built on the principles of reversible cellular automata (RCA). The algorithm operates on 128-bit plaintext blocks processed over iterative rounds and integrates five RCA components, each assigned with specific transformation roles to ensure high data diffusion. A 256-bit secret key that governs the rule configuration yields a vast keyspace, significantly enhancing resistance to brute-force attacks. Key elements such as rule-based evolution, neighborhood radius, and hybrid cellular automata for random state generation are also integrated into the hardware logic. All cryptographic components, including initialization, encryption logic, and control, are built exclusively using CA, ensuring design consistency and low complexity. The cryptosystem takes advantage of the localized interactions and naturally parallel CA structure, which align with the architecture of FPGA devices, making them a suitable platform for implementing such encryption schemes. The results demonstrate the feasibility of deploying multi-layer RCA encryption schemes on reconfigurable devices and provide a viable path toward efficient and secure hardware-level encryption systems. |
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| AbstractList | The growing need for adaptable and efficient hardware-based encryption methods has led to increased interest in unconventional models such as cellular automata (CA). This study presents the hardware design and the field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation of a multi-layer symmetric block encryption algorithm built on the principles of reversible cellular automata (RCA). The algorithm operates on 128-bit plaintext blocks processed over iterative rounds and integrates five RCA components, each assigned with specific transformation roles to ensure high data diffusion. A 256-bit secret key that governs the rule configuration yields a vast keyspace, significantly enhancing resistance to brute-force attacks. Key elements such as rule-based evolution, neighborhood radius, and hybrid cellular automata for random state generation are also integrated into the hardware logic. All cryptographic components, including initialization, encryption logic, and control, are built exclusively using CA, ensuring design consistency and low complexity. The cryptosystem takes advantage of the localized interactions and naturally parallel CA structure, which align with the architecture of FPGA devices, making them a suitable platform for implementing such encryption schemes. The results demonstrate the feasibility of deploying multi-layer RCA encryption schemes on reconfigurable devices and provide a viable path toward efficient and secure hardware-level encryption systems. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Anghelescu, Petre Stănică, George |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: George orcidid: 0000-0002-0634-1899 surname: Stănică fullname: Stănică, George – sequence: 2 givenname: Petre orcidid: 0000-0003-3879-0995 surname: Anghelescu fullname: Anghelescu, Petre |
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| Cites_doi | 10.3390/electronics13132515 10.3390/electronics11040613 10.3390/electronics14030464 10.3390/math11061481 10.1109/ECAI.2018.8678930 10.1109/AE58099.2023.10274351 10.3390/electronics12092064 10.3390/electronics11193190 10.1016/0196-8858(86)90028-X 10.1109/TCSI.2024.3439869 10.1016/j.ins.2020.09.032 10.3390/sym16050599 10.3390/e25111516 10.1109/INVENTIVE.2016.7830196 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-22r1a 10.1038/s41598-025-92065-x 10.3390/cryptography8040044 10.3390/math13020304 10.1109/12.35843 10.1109/LATS49555.2020.9093670 10.20944/preprints202208.0016.v1 10.3390/electronics14040740 10.3390/math11112585 10.3390/e24111610 10.3390/e25081147 10.1016/j.vlsi.2022.06.007 |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Analysis Boundary conditions Cellular automata Communication Data encryption Data encryption chips Digital integrated circuits Encryption Field programmable gate arrays Hardware Multilayers Neighborhoods Robots Software |
| Title | Multi-Layer Cryptosystem Using Reversible Cellular Automata |
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