Software Model Checking for Memory Consistency Verification

Optimization transformations performed by a compiler may violate memory consistency requirements for a multithreaded program. This leads to errors, when the program behavior will differ from expected. The memory consistency requirements for a particular programming language are called the memory mod...

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Published in:Programming and computer software Vol. 51; no. 5; pp. 305 - 313
Main Authors: Andrianov, P. S., Zelenov, S. V., Mutilin, V. S., Petrenko, A. K.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Moscow Pleiades Publishing 01.10.2025
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Artificial Intelligence
Compilers
Computer Science
Errors
Formal method
Hardware
Java
Language
Operating Systems
Optimization
Programming languages
Software
Software Engineering
Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems
Software upgrading
Variables
Verification
Virtual environments
multithreading
memory model
memory consistency
compiler optimizations
multithreading errors
ISSN:0361-7688, 1608-3261
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Abstract Optimization transformations performed by a compiler may violate memory consistency requirements for a multithreaded program. This leads to errors, when the program behavior will differ from expected. The memory consistency requirements for a particular programming language are called the memory model. An example of an error of this class may be an incorrect change in the order of execution of instructions, which does not affect the behavior of a single-threaded program, but leads to unpredictable results in the multithreaded case. Such errors are often difficult to detect, as they occur rarely and depend significantly on the hardware and the state of the computer system. Although there are formal methods for verifying the consistency of shared memory usage, their scalability for industrial software remains a major challenge. To verify multithreaded programs, the MCC tool was previously proposed, which used a simple type of static analysis. In this article, we present a modification of the MCC tool, which implements a model verification method to verify the correctness of memory access consistency. The proposed method combines the methods of generating test programs and the method of static program analysis. The OTK tool is used to generate test programs. For static analysis, a modified version of the MCC tool is used, which checks all possible execution options for the generated test program, regardless of the specifics of a particular hardware. The tool was tested on an ARK industrial virtual machine and successfully identified two real errors in compiler optimizations.
AbstractList Optimization transformations performed by a compiler may violate memory consistency requirements for a multithreaded program. This leads to errors, when the program behavior will differ from expected. The memory consistency requirements for a particular programming language are called the memory model. An example of an error of this class may be an incorrect change in the order of execution of instructions, which does not affect the behavior of a single-threaded program, but leads to unpredictable results in the multithreaded case. Such errors are often difficult to detect, as they occur rarely and depend significantly on the hardware and the state of the computer system. Although there are formal methods for verifying the consistency of shared memory usage, their scalability for industrial software remains a major challenge. To verify multithreaded programs, the MCC tool was previously proposed, which used a simple type of static analysis. In this article, we present a modification of the MCC tool, which implements a model verification method to verify the correctness of memory access consistency. The proposed method combines the methods of generating test programs and the method of static program analysis. The OTK tool is used to generate test programs. For static analysis, a modified version of the MCC tool is used, which checks all possible execution options for the generated test program, regardless of the specifics of a particular hardware. The tool was tested on an ARK industrial virtual machine and successfully identified two real errors in compiler optimizations.
Optimization transformations performed by a compiler may violate memory consistency requirements for a multithreaded program. This leads to errors, when the program behavior will differ from expected. The memory consistency requirements for a particular programming language are called the memory model. An example of an error of this class may be an incorrect change in the order of execution of instructions, which does not affect the behavior of a single-threaded program, but leads to unpredictable results in the multithreaded case. Such errors are often difficult to detect, as they occur rarely and depend significantly on the hardware and the state of the computer system.Although there are formal methods for verifying the consistency of shared memory usage, their scalability for industrial software remains a major challenge. To verify multithreaded programs, the MCC tool was previously proposed, which used a simple type of static analysis. In this article, we present a modification of the MCC tool, which implements a model verification method to verify the correctness of memory access consistency.The proposed method combines the methods of generating test programs and the method of static program analysis. The OTK tool is used to generate test programs. For static analysis, a modified version of the MCC tool is used, which checks all possible execution options for the generated test program, regardless of the specifics of a particular hardware. The tool was tested on an ARK industrial virtual machine and successfully identified two real errors in compiler optimizations.
Author Zelenov, S. V.
Petrenko, A. K.
Mutilin, V. S.
Andrianov, P. S.
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  organization: Ivannikov Institute for System Programming, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, HSE University
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Cites_doi 10.1007/978-3-642-22110-1_16
10.1007/978-3-540-73066-8_25
10.1007/978-3-540-73368-3_51
10.1007/978-3-642-14295-6_25
10.1145/3009837.3009838
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Copyright Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2025 ISSN 0361-7688, Programming and Computer Software, 2025, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 305–313. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2025.Russian Text © The Author(s), 2025, published in Programmirovanie, 2025, Vol. 51, No. 5.
Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2025.
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– notice: Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2025.
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memory model
memory consistency
compiler optimizations
multithreading errors
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References D. Beyer (3949_CR3) 2007
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D. Beyer (3949_CR4) 2011
S. Zelenov (3949_CR2) 2007
J. Alglave (3949_CR6) 2010
References_xml – volume-title: CPAchecker: A tool for configurable software verification, Computer Aided Verification
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SubjectTerms Artificial Intelligence
Compilers
Computer Science
Errors
Formal method
Hardware
Java
Language
Operating Systems
Optimization
Programming languages
Software
Software Engineering
Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems
Software upgrading
Variables
Verification
Virtual environments
Title Software Model Checking for Memory Consistency Verification
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