Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorous...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nature immunology Vol. 24; no. 10; pp. 1711 - 1724
Main Authors: Painter, Mark M., Johnston, Timothy S., Lundgreen, Kendall A., Santos, Jefferson J. S., Qin, Juliana S., Goel, Rishi R., Apostolidis, Sokratis A., Mathew, Divij, Fulmer, Bria, Williams, Justine C., McKeague, Michelle L., Pattekar, Ajinkya, Goode, Ahmad, Nasta, Sean, Baxter, Amy E., Giles, Josephine R., Skelly, Ashwin N., Felley, Laura E., McLaughlin, Maura, Weaver, Joellen, Kuthuru, Oliva, Dougherty, Jeanette, Adamski, Sharon, Long, Sherea, Kee, Macy, Clendenin, Cynthia, da Silva Antunes, Ricardo, Grifoni, Alba, Weiskopf, Daniela, Sette, Alessandro, Huang, Alexander C., Rader, Daniel J., Hensley, Scott E., Bates, Paul, Greenplate, Allison R., Wherry, E. John
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.10.2023
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/250/2152/1566
631/250/2152/1566/1571
631/250/2152/2153/1291
631/250/590/2293
692/699/255/2514
Antigens
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
CD8 antigen
Cell activation
Cell differentiation
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Flow cytometry
Immune response
Immunological memory
Immunology
Infections
Infectious Diseases
Kinetics
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Memory cells
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccine efficacy
Vaccines
ISSN:1529-2908, 1529-2916, 1529-2916
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Wherry and colleagues define the kinetics of vaccine-primed recall immune responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection, highlighting rapid activation of memory T cells and broadly enhanced immune responses in previously vaccinated individuals.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ISSN:1529-2908
1529-2916
1529-2916
DOI:10.1038/s41590-023-01613-y