Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorous...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:

Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:	Nature immunology Ročník 24; číslo 10; s. 1711 - 1724
Hlavní autoři:	Painter, Mark M., Johnston, Timothy S., Lundgreen, Kendall A., Santos, Jefferson J. S., Qin, Juliana S., Goel, Rishi R., Apostolidis, Sokratis A., Mathew, Divij, Fulmer, Bria, Williams, Justine C., McKeague, Michelle L., Pattekar, Ajinkya, Goode, Ahmad, Nasta, Sean, Baxter, Amy E., Giles, Josephine R., Skelly, Ashwin N., Felley, Laura E., McLaughlin, Maura, Weaver, Joellen, Kuthuru, Oliva, Dougherty, Jeanette, Adamski, Sharon, Long, Sherea, Kee, Macy, Clendenin, Cynthia, da Silva Antunes, Ricardo, Grifoni, Alba, Weiskopf, Daniela, Sette, Alessandro, Huang, Alexander C., Rader, Daniel J., Hensley, Scott E., Bates, Paul, Greenplate, Allison R., Wherry, E. John
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.10.2023 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	631/250/2152/1566 631/250/2152/1566/1571 631/250/2152/2153/1291 631/250/590/2293 692/699/255/2514 Antigens Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine CD8 antigen Cell activation Cell differentiation Coronaviruses COVID-19 Flow cytometry Immune response Immunological memory Immunology Infections Infectious Diseases Kinetics Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Memory cells Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Vaccine efficacy Vaccines
ISSN:	1529-2908, 1529-2916, 1529-2916
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Wherry and colleagues define the kinetics of vaccine-primed recall immune responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection, highlighting rapid activation of memory T cells and broadly enhanced immune responses in previously vaccinated individuals.
AbstractList	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Wherry and colleagues define the kinetics of vaccine-primed recall immune responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection, highlighting rapid activation of memory T cells and broadly enhanced immune responses in previously vaccinated individuals. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Wherry and colleagues define the kinetics of vaccine-primed recall immune responses during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection, highlighting rapid activation of memory T cells and broadly enhanced immune responses in previously vaccinated individuals. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease, likely due to the enhanced potency and accelerated kinetics of memory immune responses. However, there have been few opportunities to rigorously study early recall responses during human viral infection. To better understand human immune memory and identify potential mediators of lasting vaccine efficacy, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry and SARS-CoV-2 antigen probes to examine immune responses in longitudinal samples from vaccinated individuals infected during the Omicron wave. These studies revealed heightened spike-specific responses during infection of vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals. Spike-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T cells and plasmablasts expanded and CD8 T cells were robustly activated during the first week. In contrast, memory B cell activation, neutralizing antibody production and primary responses to nonspike antigens occurred during the second week. Collectively, these data demonstrate the functionality of vaccine-primed immune memory and highlight memory T cells as rapid responders during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Author	Apostolidis, Sokratis A. Painter, Mark M. Nasta, Sean Giles, Josephine R. Weiskopf, Daniela Goel, Rishi R. Goode, Ahmad Long, Sherea Sette, Alessandro Wherry, E. John da Silva Antunes, Ricardo Baxter, Amy E. Huang, Alexander C. Fulmer, Bria Grifoni, Alba Hensley, Scott E. Santos, Jefferson J. S. Skelly, Ashwin N. Adamski, Sharon Dougherty, Jeanette Qin, Juliana S. Williams, Justine C. Pattekar, Ajinkya Clendenin, Cynthia Weaver, Joellen Rader, Daniel J. Lundgreen, Kendall A. McLaughlin, Maura Bates, Paul Felley, Laura E. Johnston, Timothy S. Kuthuru, Oliva Greenplate, Allison R. Mathew, Divij McKeague, Michelle L. Kee, Macy
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mark M. orcidid: 0000-0002-0180-2748 surname: Painter fullname: Painter, Mark M. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: Timothy S. surname: Johnston fullname: Johnston, Timothy S. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania – sequence: 3 givenname: Kendall A. surname: Lundgreen fullname: Lundgreen, Kendall A. organization: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 4 givenname: Jefferson J. S. orcidid: 0000-0001-5895-4163 surname: Santos fullname: Santos, Jefferson J. S. organization: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 5 givenname: Juliana S. orcidid: 0000-0002-6352-9601 surname: Qin fullname: Qin, Juliana S. organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 6 givenname: Rishi R. surname: Goel fullname: Goel, Rishi R. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 7 givenname: Sokratis A. orcidid: 0000-0002-0224-0097 surname: Apostolidis fullname: Apostolidis, Sokratis A. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 8 givenname: Divij surname: Mathew fullname: Mathew, Divij organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 9 givenname: Bria surname: Fulmer fullname: Fulmer, Bria organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 10 givenname: Justine C. surname: Williams fullname: Williams, Justine C. organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 11 givenname: Michelle L. surname: McKeague fullname: McKeague, Michelle L. organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 12 givenname: Ajinkya surname: Pattekar fullname: Pattekar, Ajinkya organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 13 givenname: Ahmad surname: Goode fullname: Goode, Ahmad organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 14 givenname: Sean surname: Nasta fullname: Nasta, Sean organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 15 givenname: Amy E. orcidid: 0000-0002-1555-0713 surname: Baxter fullname: Baxter, Amy E. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 16 givenname: Josephine R. surname: Giles fullname: Giles, Josephine R. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 17 givenname: Ashwin N. orcidid: 0000-0002-1565-3376 surname: Skelly fullname: Skelly, Ashwin N. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania – sequence: 18 givenname: Laura E. surname: Felley fullname: Felley, Laura E. organization: Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan – sequence: 19 givenname: Maura surname: McLaughlin fullname: McLaughlin, Maura organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 20 givenname: Joellen surname: Weaver fullname: Weaver, Joellen organization: Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 22 givenname: Oliva surname: Kuthuru fullname: Kuthuru, Oliva organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 23 givenname: Jeanette surname: Dougherty fullname: Dougherty, Jeanette organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 24 givenname: Sharon surname: Adamski fullname: Adamski, Sharon organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 25 givenname: Sherea surname: Long fullname: Long, Sherea organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 26 givenname: Macy surname: Kee fullname: Kee, Macy organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 27 givenname: Cynthia orcidid: 0000-0003-4535-2088 surname: Clendenin fullname: Clendenin, Cynthia organization: Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 28 givenname: Ricardo orcidid: 0000-0001-9785-5272 surname: da Silva Antunes fullname: da Silva Antunes, Ricardo organization: Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) – sequence: 29 givenname: Alba orcidid: 0000-0002-2209-5966 surname: Grifoni fullname: Grifoni, Alba organization: Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) – sequence: 30 givenname: Daniela surname: Weiskopf fullname: Weiskopf, Daniela organization: Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) – sequence: 31 givenname: Alessandro orcidid: 0000-0001-7013-2250 surname: Sette fullname: Sette, Alessandro organization: Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) – sequence: 32 givenname: Alexander C. orcidid: 0000-0002-0099-0492 surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Alexander C. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 33 givenname: Daniel J. surname: Rader fullname: Rader, Daniel J. organization: Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine Biobank, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 34 givenname: Scott E. orcidid: 0000-0002-2928-7506 surname: Hensley fullname: Hensley, Scott E. organization: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 35 givenname: Paul surname: Bates fullname: Bates, Paul organization: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 36 givenname: Allison R. orcidid: 0000-0002-2614-3072 surname: Greenplate fullname: Greenplate, Allison R. organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine – sequence: 37 givenname: E. John orcidid: 0000-0003-0477-1956 surname: Wherry fullname: Wherry, E. John email: wherry@pennmedicine.upenn.edu organization: Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Immune Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine
BookMark	eNp9kU1r3DAQhkVJoLtJ_0BPgl56UaORbK19XJYkDQRSmo-r0MrjrFJb2kr2gu_94bXj0sAecpKQnmeYmXdJTnzwSMhn4N-Ay-IiZZCXnHEhGQcFkg0fyAJyUTJRgjr5f-fFR7JM6YVzyFYqW5A_P6ILkR6Mtc6bzgVP9zG0ocNE0cRmoMZ27jD_hJq22IY40AdqsWkSNb6i6HfG25F3bdt7pBHTPvg0PlR9dP6Z3q9_3rNNeGKCbiOaX90uhv55R52v0U6Fz8lpbZqEn_6dZ-Tx6vJh853d3l3fbNa3zEqAgWW2LESuzAqFyFReG6MApYRiZaUUaJQVUNZ5bo3dcsy55FW92hYqE1UlJJbyjHyd644j_u4xdbp1aRrEeAx90qJQBQjIlRzRL0foS-ijH7ubqBI456UYKTFTNoaUItZ6H11r4qCB6ykYPQejx2D0azB6GKXiSLKue11wF41r3lflrKb9tFmMb129Y_0F_TWmmQ
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1494432 crossref_primary_10_1002_eji_202551888 crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines12010037 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrc_2023_149398 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41423_024_01127_z crossref_primary_10_1128_cmr_00244_24 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41591_024_02962_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41541_025_01062_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chom_2023_12_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cell_2025_07_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2025_115498 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2024_105317 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41573_024_01042_y crossref_primary_10_1038_s41590_023_01621_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tips_2023_10_001 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1498491 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells14151156 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chom_2023_12_010 crossref_primary_10_1080_21645515_2025_2544466 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41590_025_02156_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1463769 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2024_05_073 crossref_primary_10_2196_56926 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41591_024_02955_2 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijc_35038 crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines13080799 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms26020681 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_ppat_1012624 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41590_024_02072_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1506203 crossref_primary_10_3390_v15112203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2024_105203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2024_105445 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiph_2024_102599 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jinf_2024_106402 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41423_023_01095_w crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_50997_4 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41590_024_02067_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_v16030473 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41541_024_00858_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_celrep_2025_115557 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_immuni_2024_03_015 crossref_primary_10_1126_scitranslmed_adq1086 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2025_105880 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1445653 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1447555 crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines11111705 crossref_primary_10_1128_jvi_01350_24 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_idc_2025_02_001 crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines12111280 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_immuni_2024_02_017 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens14050415 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_24_00254_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41423_023_01116_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2025_105795 crossref_primary_10_1172_jci_insight_187405 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12101254
Cites_doi	10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.038 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003207 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.087 10.1038/s41467-023-37176-7 10.1001/jama.2022.17876 10.1038/s41586-022-05609-w 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq3511 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.454 10.1093/infdis/jiac275 10.1084/jem.20220780 10.1073/pnas.2024202118 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6950 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo2202 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.003 10.1038/nm.2446 10.1073/pnas.2021785118 10.1073/pnas.1522136113 10.1056/NEJMoa2119451 10.1056/NEJMc2211283 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn6150 10.1073/pnas.2208525120 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.017 10.1038/mi.2007.6 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.018 10.1086/589862 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8014 10.1038/s41586-021-03738-2 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd5709 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010802 10.1038/s41586-021-04385-3 10.1084/jem.20221006 10.1038/s41586-022-04830-x 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.001 10.1038/s41467-022-32324-x 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.027 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.015 10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.004 10.1038/s41586-022-04778-y 10.1128/JCM.02107-20 10.1038/s41591-022-01699-1 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.08.007 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl5344 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00648-4 10.1172/jci.insight.159474 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100716 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.001 10.1038/44385 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.088 10.1038/s41590-022-01184-4 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.004 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100355 10.1038/s41467-022-31888-y 10.1056/NEJM198307073090103 10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100354 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100204 10.4049/jimmunol.2001381 10.1126/science.abm0829 10.1084/jem.186.9.1407 10.1056/NEJMoa2117128 10.1172/jci.insight.155483 10.1038/s41564-022-01106-y 10.1016/j.medj.2022.09.001 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.009 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.005 10.1126/science.abc8665
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
Copyright_xml	– notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. – notice: 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
CorporateAuthor	Penn Medicine BioBank
CorporateAuthor_xml	– name: Penn Medicine BioBank
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7QP 7QR 7T5 7TK 7TM 7U9 7X7 7XB 88E 8AO 8C1 8FD 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ H94 HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M1P M7N M7P P64 PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8
DOI	10.1038/s41590-023-01613-y
DatabaseName	CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts Immunology Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials - QC Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Biological Science Collection Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Medical Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Genetics Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Central Essentials Nucleic Acids Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection Chemoreception Abstracts ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Neurosciences Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts ProQuest One Academic (New) Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts ProQuest Public Health ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Medical Library Immunology Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	ProQuest Central Student MEDLINE - Academic
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Medicine Biology
EISSN	1529-2916
EndPage	1724
ExternalDocumentID	10_1038_s41590_023_01613_y
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services \| NIH \| National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) grantid: UL1TR001878 funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100006108 – fundername: Parker Foundation funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100001787 – fundername: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services \| National Institutes of Health (NIH) grantid: AI082630; AI108545; AI155577; AI149680; U19AI082630; 75N9301900065; 75N9301900065; AI152236 funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/100000002
GroupedDBID	--- .55 0R~ 123 29M 2FS 36B 39C 3V. 4.4 53G 5BI 5RE 70F 7X7 88E 8AO 8C1 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8R4 8R5 AAEEF AAHBH AARCD AAYZH AAZLF ABAWZ ABDBF ABJNI ABLJU ABNNU ABOCM ABUWG ACBWK ACGFS ACIWK ACPRK ACRPL ACUHS ADBBV ADNMO AENEX AEUYN AFBBN AFKRA AFRAH AFSHS AGAYW AGGDT AGHTU AHBCP AHMBA AHOSX AHSBF AIBTJ AIYXT ALFFA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ARMCB ASPBG AVWKF AXYYD AZFZN BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BKKNO BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CS3 DB5 DU5 EAD EAP EAS EBS EE. EJD EMB EMK EMOBN ESX EXGXG F5P FEDTE FQGFK FSGXE FYUFA HCIFZ HMCUK HVGLF HZ~ IAO IHR INH INR ISR ITC L-9 LK8 M1P M7P N9A NNMJJ O9- ODYON P2P PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO Q2X RNT RNTTT SHXYY SIXXV SNYQT SOJ SV3 TAOOD TBHMF TDRGL TSG TUS UKHRP WH7 X7M Y6R ZXP AAYXX ABFSG ACSTC AEZWR AFANA AFFHD AFHIU AGSTI AHWEU AIXLP ALPWD ATHPR CITATION NFIDA PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB 7QP 7QR 7T5 7TK 7TM 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ H94 K9. M7N P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS RC3 7X8 PUEGO
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c311y-4c98256a7e22465faa61e33187c332ea6c219f55cacb0e5030df7b8642dd23e93
IEDL.DBID	M7P
ISSN	1529-2908 1529-2916
IngestDate	Thu Oct 02 10:42:52 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 06:12:48 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:25:18 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:12:26 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:39:02 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	false
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	10
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c311y-4c98256a7e22465faa61e33187c332ea6c219f55cacb0e5030df7b8642dd23e93
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ORCID	0000-0001-5895-4163 0000-0003-4535-2088 0000-0002-2928-7506 0000-0002-2209-5966 0000-0002-2614-3072 0000-0001-7013-2250 0000-0002-0180-2748 0000-0002-0099-0492 0000-0002-6352-9601 0000-0002-1555-0713 0000-0003-0477-1956 0000-0002-1565-3376 0000-0001-9785-5272 0000-0002-0224-0097
OpenAccessLink	https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01613-y.pdf
PQID	2869100092
PQPubID	45782
PageCount	14
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_2868121563 proquest_journals_2869100092 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41590_023_01613_y crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_s41590_023_01613_y springer_journals_10_1038_s41590_023_01613_y
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20231000
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2023-10-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 10 year: 2023 text: 20231000
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	New York
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: New York
PublicationTitle	Nature immunology
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Nat Immunol
PublicationYear	2023
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group US Nature Publishing Group
Publisher_xml	– name: Nature Publishing Group US – name: Nature Publishing Group
References	Andrews (CR6) 2022; 28 Guerrera (CR20) 2021; 6 Naaber (CR24) 2022; 3 Koutsakos (CR35) 2022; 55 Chovancova, Vlkova, Litzman, Lokaj, Thon (CR60) 2011; 29 Minervina (CR19) 2022; 23 Wang (CR28) 2022; 219 Curlin (CR30) 2022; 3 McNamara (CR62) 2020; 28 Kaku (CR43) 2022; 7 Sandberg (CR59) 2021; 207 Flower (CR40) 2021; 118 Kaech, Wherry (CR50) 2007; 27 Cao (CR3) 2022; 602 Tarke (CR21) 2022; 185 Kared (CR29) 2022; 13 Laidlaw (CR66) 2013; 9 Arshad (CR38) 2023; 120 Addetia (CR2) 2020; 58 Lederer (CR10) 2022; 185 Grifoni (CR45) 2020; 181 Sallusto, Lenig, Förster, Lipp, Lanzavecchia (CR52) 1999; 401 Rosato (CR63) 2023; 16 GeurtsvanKessel (CR22) 2022; 7 Wang (CR64) 2015; 6 Andrews (CR4) 2022; 386 Lang-Meli (CR23) 2022; 7 Koutsakos (CR58) 2023; 56 Assawakosri (CR32) 2022; 226 Thoms (CR41) 2020; 369 Sahin (CR16) 2020; 586 Hamann (CR51) 1997; 186 Halliley (CR61) 2010; 28 Lin (CR8) 2022; 328 Cohen (CR14) 2021; 2 Zhang (CR39) 2021; 118 Lim (CR57) 2022; 219 Garcia-Knight (CR27) 2022; 18 Rydyznski Moderbacher (CR67) 2020; 183 Cromer (CR42) 2023; 14 Canetti (CR5) 2022; 387 Reinscheid (CR18) 2022; 13 Yu (CR47) 2022; 30 Muecksch (CR13) 2022; 607 Khoury (CR1) 2021; 27 Khan (CR34) 2022; 607 Tarke (CR46) 2021; 2 Bates (CR33) 2022; 7 Katzelnick, Montoya, Gresh, Balmaseda, Harris (CR53) 2016; 113 Siedner (CR25) 2022; 7 McMichael, Gotch, Noble, Beare (CR55) 1983; 309 Turner (CR9) 2021; 596 Gattinoni (CR56) 2011; 17 Goel (CR11) 2021; 374 Gao (CR48) 2023; 56 Painter (CR15) 2021; 54 Collier (CR31) 2022; 14 Tarke (CR17) 2021; 2 Plotkin, Plotkin (CR54) 2008; 47 Rangel-Moreno (CR65) 2008; 180 Macpherson, McCoy, Johansen, Brandtzaeg (CR44) 2008; 1 Flannery (CR68) 2020; 5 Lin (CR7) 2022; 386 Goel (CR12) 2022; 185 Singanayagam (CR26) 2022; 22 Goel (CR69) 2021; 6 Giles (CR49) 2022; 55 Schaefer-Babajew (CR37) 2023; 613 Woldemeskel (CR36) 2022; 7 A Addetia (1613_CR2) 2020; 58 M Koutsakos (1613_CR35) 2022; 55 N Arshad (1613_CR38) 2023; 120 MJ Siedner (1613_CR25) 2022; 7 JT Sandberg (1613_CR59) 2021; 207 HA McNamara (1613_CR62) 2020; 28 Z Chovancova (1613_CR60) 2011; 29 AA Minervina (1613_CR19) 2022; 23 AJ Macpherson (1613_CR44) 2008; 1 Z Wang (1613_CR28) 2022; 219 JR Giles (1613_CR49) 2022; 55 DD Flannery (1613_CR68) 2020; 5 P Naaber (1613_CR24) 2022; 3 ME Curlin (1613_CR30) 2022; 3 DS Khoury (1613_CR1) 2021; 27 L Gattinoni (1613_CR56) 2011; 17 MM Painter (1613_CR15) 2021; 54 AJ McMichael (1613_CR55) 1983; 309 KW Cohen (1613_CR14) 2021; 2 K Khan (1613_CR34) 2022; 607 M Canetti (1613_CR5) 2022; 387 A Tarke (1613_CR21) 2022; 185 SM Kaech (1613_CR50) 2007; 27 LC Katzelnick (1613_CR53) 2016; 113 F Gao (1613_CR48) 2023; 56 D Schaefer-Babajew (1613_CR37) 2023; 613 PC Rosato (1613_CR63) 2023; 16 TG Flower (1613_CR40) 2021; 118 Y Cao (1613_CR3) 2022; 602 A Tarke (1613_CR17) 2021; 2 ED Yu (1613_CR47) 2022; 30 A Tarke (1613_CR46) 2021; 2 CH GeurtsvanKessel (1613_CR22) 2022; 7 A Grifoni (1613_CR45) 2020; 181 N Andrews (1613_CR6) 2022; 28 N Andrews (1613_CR4) 2022; 386 D-Y Lin (1613_CR7) 2022; 386 H Kared (1613_CR29) 2022; 13 U Sahin (1613_CR16) 2020; 586 D-Y Lin (1613_CR8) 2022; 328 Y Zhang (1613_CR39) 2021; 118 JME Lim (1613_CR57) 2022; 219 D Hamann (1613_CR51) 1997; 186 Z Wang (1613_CR64) 2015; 6 RR Goel (1613_CR69) 2021; 6 M Garcia-Knight (1613_CR27) 2022; 18 SA Plotkin (1613_CR54) 2008; 47 BJ Laidlaw (1613_CR66) 2013; 9 JL Halliley (1613_CR61) 2010; 28 J Rangel-Moreno (1613_CR65) 2008; 180 K Lederer (1613_CR10) 2022; 185 J Lang-Meli (1613_CR23) 2022; 7 M Koutsakos (1613_CR58) 2023; 56 C Rydyznski Moderbacher (1613_CR67) 2020; 183 S Assawakosri (1613_CR32) 2022; 226 JS Turner (1613_CR9) 2021; 596 RR Goel (1613_CR12) 2022; 185 F Sallusto (1613_CR52) 1999; 401 M Thoms (1613_CR41) 2020; 369 CI Kaku (1613_CR43) 2022; 7 RR Goel (1613_CR11) 2021; 374 A Singanayagam (1613_CR26) 2022; 22 D Cromer (1613_CR42) 2023; 14 TA Bates (1613_CR33) 2022; 7 BA Woldemeskel (1613_CR36) 2022; 7 G Guerrera (1613_CR20) 2021; 6 F Muecksch (1613_CR13) 2022; 607 M Reinscheid (1613_CR18) 2022; 13 A-RY Collier (1613_CR31) 2022; 14
References_xml	– volume: 120 start-page: e2208525120 year: 2023 ident: CR38 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a use distinct mechanisms to down-regulate MHC-I surface expression publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA – volume: 2 start-page: 100354 year: 2021 ident: CR14 article-title: Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells publication-title: Cell Rep. Med. – volume: 47 start-page: 401 year: 2008 end-page: 409 ident: CR54 article-title: Correlates of vaccine-induced immunity publication-title: Clin. Infect. Dis. – volume: 16 start-page: 17 year: 2023 end-page: 26 ident: CR63 article-title: Tissue-resident memory T cells trigger rapid exudation and local antibody accumulation publication-title: Mucosal Immunol. – volume: 7 start-page: e155483 year: 2022 ident: CR25 article-title: Duration of viral shedding and culture positivity with postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infections publication-title: JCI Insight – volume: 118 start-page: e2024202118 year: 2021 ident: CR39 article-title: The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates immune evasion through down-regulating MHC-Ι publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA – volume: 14 start-page: eabn6150 year: 2022 ident: CR31 article-title: Characterization of immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals after breakthrough infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med. – volume: 7 start-page: eabo2202 year: 2022 ident: CR22 article-title: Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients publication-title: Sci. Immunol. – volume: 219 start-page: e20221006 year: 2022 ident: CR28 article-title: Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection in humans publication-title: J. Exp. Med. – volume: 183 start-page: 996 year: 2020 end-page: 1012 ident: CR67 article-title: Antigen-specific adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in acute COVID-19 and associations with age and disease severity publication-title: Cell – volume: 13 year: 2022 ident: CR18 article-title: COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine induces transient CD8 T effector cell responses while conserving the memory pool for subsequent reactivation publication-title: Nat. Commun. – volume: 27 start-page: 393 year: 2007 end-page: 405 ident: CR50 article-title: Heterogeneity and cell-fate decisions in effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation during viral infection publication-title: Immunity – volume: 180 start-page: 454 year: 2008 end-page: 463 ident: CR65 article-title: B cells promote resistance to heterosubtypic strains of influenza via multiple mechanisms publication-title: J. Immunol. – volume: 27 start-page: 1205 year: 2021 end-page: 1211 ident: CR1 article-title: Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection publication-title: Nat. Med. – volume: 54 start-page: 2133 year: 2021 end-page: 2142 ident: CR15 article-title: Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4 T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination publication-title: Immunity – volume: 18 start-page: e1010802 year: 2022 ident: CR27 article-title: Infectious viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Delta following vaccination: a longitudinal cohort study publication-title: PLoS Pathog. – volume: 386 start-page: 1532 year: 2022 end-page: 1546 ident: CR4 article-title: COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. – volume: 226 start-page: 1122 year: 2022 end-page: 1124 ident: CR32 article-title: Breakthrough infection by SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants elicited immune response comparable to mRNA booster vaccination publication-title: J. Infect. Dis. – volume: 374 start-page: abm0829 year: 2021 ident: CR11 article-title: mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern publication-title: Science – volume: 386 start-page: 933 year: 2022 end-page: 941 ident: CR7 article-title: Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines over a 9-month period in North Carolina publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. – volume: 369 start-page: 1249 year: 2020 end-page: 1255 ident: CR41 article-title: Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 publication-title: Science – volume: 28 start-page: 3582 year: 2010 end-page: 3587 ident: CR61 article-title: Peak frequencies of circulating human influenza-specific antibody secreting cells correlate with serum antibody response after immunization publication-title: Vaccine – volume: 186 start-page: 1407 year: 1997 end-page: 1418 ident: CR51 article-title: Phenotypic and functional separation of memory and effector human CD8 T cells publication-title: J. Exp. Med. – volume: 219 start-page: e20220780 year: 2022 ident: CR57 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinees induces virus-specific nasal-resident CD8 and CD4 T cells of broad specificity publication-title: J. Exp. Med. – volume: 56 start-page: 879 year: 2023 end-page: 892 ident: CR58 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses publication-title: Immunity – volume: 118 start-page: e2021785118 year: 2021 ident: CR40 article-title: Structure of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8, a rapidly evolving immune evasion protein publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA – volume: 7 start-page: 675 year: 2022 end-page: 679 ident: CR23 article-title: SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell epitope repertoire in convalescent and mRNA-vaccinated individuals publication-title: Nat. Microbiol. – volume: 17 start-page: 1290 year: 2011 end-page: 1297 ident: CR56 article-title: A human memory T cell subset with stem cell-like properties publication-title: Nat. Med. – volume: 7 start-page: eabn8014 year: 2022 ident: CR33 article-title: Vaccination before or after SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to robust humoral response and antibodies that effectively neutralize variants publication-title: Sci. Immunol. – volume: 613 start-page: 735 year: 2023 end-page: 742 ident: CR37 article-title: Antibody feedback regulates immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination publication-title: Nature – volume: 1 start-page: 11 year: 2008 end-page: 22 ident: CR44 article-title: The immune geography of IgA induction and function publication-title: Mucosal Immunol. – volume: 185 start-page: 1875 year: 2022 end-page: 1887 ident: CR12 article-title: Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine publication-title: Cell – volume: 55 start-page: 557 year: 2022 end-page: 574 ident: CR49 article-title: Human epigenetic and transcriptional T cell differentiation atlas for identifying functional T cell-specific enhancers publication-title: Immunity – volume: 6 start-page: eabl5344 year: 2021 ident: CR20 article-title: BNT162b2 vaccination induces durable SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells with a stem cell memory phenotype publication-title: Sci. Immunol. – volume: 387 start-page: 2092 year: 2022 end-page: 2094 ident: CR5 article-title: Six-month follow-up after a fourth BNT162b2 vaccine dose publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. – volume: 23 start-page: 781 year: 2022 end-page: 790 ident: CR19 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure history shapes phenotypes and specificity of memory CD8 T cells publication-title: Nat. Immunol. – volume: 2 start-page: 100355 year: 2021 ident: CR17 article-title: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4 and CD8 T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals publication-title: Cell Rep. Med. – volume: 185 start-page: 1008 year: 2022 end-page: 1024 ident: CR10 article-title: Germinal center responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised individuals publication-title: Cell – volume: 3 start-page: 827 year: 2022 end-page: 837 ident: CR30 article-title: Omicron neutralizing antibody response following booster vaccination compared with breakthrough infection publication-title: Med – volume: 181 start-page: 1489 year: 2020 end-page: 1501 ident: CR45 article-title: Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals publication-title: Cell – volume: 30 start-page: 388 year: 2022 end-page: 399 ident: CR47 article-title: Development of a T cell-based immunodiagnostic system to effectively distinguish SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination status publication-title: Cell Host Microbe – volume: 9 start-page: e1003207 year: 2013 ident: CR66 article-title: Cooperativity between CD8 T cells, non-neutralizing antibodies, and alveolar macrophages is important for heterosubtypic influenza virus immunity publication-title: PLoS Pathog. – volume: 3 start-page: 100716 year: 2022 ident: CR24 article-title: Protective antibodies and T cell responses to Omicron variant after the booster dose of BNT162b2 vaccine publication-title: Cell Rep. Med. – volume: 22 start-page: 183 year: 2022 end-page: 195 ident: CR26 article-title: Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study publication-title: Lancet Infect. Dis. – volume: 28 start-page: 572 year: 2020 end-page: 585 ident: CR62 article-title: Antibody feedback limits the expansion of B cell responses to malaria vaccination but drives diversification of the humoral response publication-title: Cell Host Microbe – volume: 55 start-page: 1316 year: 2022 end-page: 1326 ident: CR35 article-title: The magnitude and timing of recalled immunity after breakthrough infection is shaped by SARS-CoV-2 variants publication-title: Immunity – volume: 401 start-page: 708 year: 1999 end-page: 712 ident: CR52 article-title: Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions publication-title: Nature – volume: 6 year: 2015 ident: CR64 article-title: Recovery from severe H7N9 disease is associated with diverse response mechanisms dominated by CD8 T cells publication-title: Nat. Commun. – volume: 586 start-page: 594 year: 2020 end-page: 599 ident: CR16 article-title: COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and T 1 T cell responses publication-title: Nature – volume: 328 start-page: 1415 year: 2022 end-page: 1426 ident: CR8 article-title: Association of primary and booster vaccination and prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes publication-title: JAMA – volume: 29 start-page: 4142 year: 2011 end-page: 4150 ident: CR60 article-title: Antibody forming cells and plasmablasts in peripheral blood in CVID patients after vaccination publication-title: Vaccine – volume: 5 start-page: eabd5709 year: 2020 ident: CR68 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among parturient women in Philadelphia publication-title: Sci. Immunol. – volume: 309 start-page: 13 year: 1983 end-page: 17 ident: CR55 article-title: Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to influenza publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. – volume: 602 start-page: 657 year: 2022 end-page: 663 ident: CR3 article-title: Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies publication-title: Nature – volume: 13 year: 2022 ident: CR29 article-title: Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults publication-title: Nat. Commun. – volume: 7 start-page: eabq3511 year: 2022 ident: CR43 article-title: Recall of preexisting cross-reactive B cell memory after Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection publication-title: Sci. Immunol. – volume: 113 start-page: 728 year: 2016 end-page: 733 ident: CR53 article-title: Neutralizing antibody titers against dengue virus correlate with protection from symptomatic infection in a longitudinal cohort publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA – volume: 207 start-page: 1033 year: 2021 end-page: 1043 ident: CR59 article-title: Activation and kinetics of circulating T follicular helper cells, specific plasmablast response, and development of neutralizing antibodies following yellow fever virus vaccination publication-title: J. Immunol. – volume: 2 start-page: 100204 year: 2021 ident: CR46 article-title: Comprehensive analysis of T cell immunodominance and immunoprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 cases publication-title: Cell Rep. Med. – volume: 58 start-page: e02107-20 year: 2020 ident: CR2 article-title: Neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection from SARS-CoV-2 in humans during a fishery vessel outbreak with a high attack rate publication-title: J. Clin. Microbiol. – volume: 607 start-page: 128 year: 2022 end-page: 134 ident: CR13 article-title: Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost publication-title: Nature – volume: 596 start-page: 109 year: 2021 end-page: 113 ident: CR9 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses publication-title: Nature – volume: 28 start-page: 831 year: 2022 end-page: 837 ident: CR6 article-title: Effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccines against COVID-19-related symptoms, hospitalization and death in England publication-title: Nat. Med. – volume: 607 start-page: 356 year: 2022 end-page: 359 ident: CR34 article-title: Omicron infection enhances Delta antibody immunity in vaccinated persons publication-title: Nature – volume: 6 start-page: eabi6950 year: 2021 ident: CR69 article-title: Distinct antibody and memory B cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals following mRNA vaccination publication-title: Sci. Immunol. – volume: 185 start-page: 847 year: 2022 end-page: 859 ident: CR21 article-title: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron publication-title: Cell – volume: 7 start-page: e159474 year: 2022 ident: CR36 article-title: SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in boosted vaccine recipients with breakthrough infections during the Omicron variant surge publication-title: JCI Insight – volume: 14 year: 2023 ident: CR42 article-title: Predicting vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 over time and against variants: a meta-analysis publication-title: Nat. Commun. – volume: 56 start-page: 864 year: 2023 end-page: 878 ident: CR48 article-title: Spheromers reveal robust T cell responses to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine and attenuated peripheral CD8 T cell responses post SARS-CoV-2 infection publication-title: Immunity – volume: 183 start-page: 996 year: 2020 ident: 1613_CR67 publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.038 – volume: 9 start-page: e1003207 year: 2013 ident: 1613_CR66 publication-title: PLoS Pathog. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003207 – volume: 29 start-page: 4142 year: 2011 ident: 1613_CR60 publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.087 – volume: 14 year: 2023 ident: 1613_CR42 publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37176-7 – volume: 328 start-page: 1415 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR8 publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.17876 – volume: 613 start-page: 735 year: 2023 ident: 1613_CR37 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05609-w – volume: 7 start-page: eabq3511 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR43 publication-title: Sci. Immunol. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq3511 – volume: 180 start-page: 454 year: 2008 ident: 1613_CR65 publication-title: J. Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.454 – volume: 226 start-page: 1122 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR32 publication-title: J. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac275 – volume: 219 start-page: e20220780 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR57 publication-title: J. Exp. Med. doi: 10.1084/jem.20220780 – volume: 118 start-page: e2024202118 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR39 publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.2024202118 – volume: 6 start-page: eabi6950 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR69 publication-title: Sci. Immunol. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6950 – volume: 7 start-page: eabo2202 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR22 publication-title: Sci. Immunol. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo2202 – volume: 30 start-page: 388 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR47 publication-title: Cell Host Microbe doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.003 – volume: 17 start-page: 1290 year: 2011 ident: 1613_CR56 publication-title: Nat. Med. doi: 10.1038/nm.2446 – volume: 118 start-page: e2021785118 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR40 publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021785118 – volume: 113 start-page: 728 year: 2016 ident: 1613_CR53 publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.1522136113 – volume: 386 start-page: 1532 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR4 publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2119451 – volume: 387 start-page: 2092 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR5 publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2211283 – volume: 14 start-page: eabn6150 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR31 publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn6150 – volume: 120 start-page: e2208525120 year: 2023 ident: 1613_CR38 publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.2208525120 – volume: 56 start-page: 879 year: 2023 ident: 1613_CR58 publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.017 – volume: 1 start-page: 11 year: 2008 ident: 1613_CR44 publication-title: Mucosal Immunol. doi: 10.1038/mi.2007.6 – volume: 181 start-page: 1489 year: 2020 ident: 1613_CR45 publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 – volume: 55 start-page: 1316 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR35 publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.018 – volume: 47 start-page: 401 year: 2008 ident: 1613_CR54 publication-title: Clin. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.1086/589862 – volume: 7 start-page: eabn8014 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR33 publication-title: Sci. Immunol. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8014 – volume: 596 start-page: 109 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR9 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03738-2 – volume: 5 start-page: eabd5709 year: 2020 ident: 1613_CR68 publication-title: Sci. Immunol. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd5709 – volume: 18 start-page: e1010802 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR27 publication-title: PLoS Pathog. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010802 – volume: 602 start-page: 657 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR3 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04385-3 – volume: 219 start-page: e20221006 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR28 publication-title: J. Exp. Med. doi: 10.1084/jem.20221006 – volume: 607 start-page: 356 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR34 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04830-x – volume: 28 start-page: 572 year: 2020 ident: 1613_CR62 publication-title: Cell Host Microbe doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.001 – volume: 13 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR18 publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32324-x – volume: 185 start-page: 1008 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR10 publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.027 – volume: 185 start-page: 847 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR21 publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.015 – volume: 586 start-page: 594 year: 2020 ident: 1613_CR16 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7 – volume: 55 start-page: 557 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR49 publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.004 – volume: 607 start-page: 128 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR13 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04778-y – volume: 58 start-page: e02107-20 year: 2020 ident: 1613_CR2 publication-title: J. Clin. Microbiol. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02107-20 – volume: 28 start-page: 831 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR6 publication-title: Nat. Med. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01699-1 – volume: 27 start-page: 393 year: 2007 ident: 1613_CR50 publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.08.007 – volume: 6 year: 2015 ident: 1613_CR64 publication-title: Nat. Commun. – volume: 6 start-page: eabl5344 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR20 publication-title: Sci. Immunol. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl5344 – volume: 22 start-page: 183 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR26 publication-title: Lancet Infect. Dis. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00648-4 – volume: 7 start-page: e159474 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR36 publication-title: JCI Insight doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.159474 – volume: 3 start-page: 100716 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR24 publication-title: Cell Rep. Med. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100716 – volume: 54 start-page: 2133 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR15 publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.001 – volume: 401 start-page: 708 year: 1999 ident: 1613_CR52 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/44385 – volume: 28 start-page: 3582 year: 2010 ident: 1613_CR61 publication-title: Vaccine doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.088 – volume: 23 start-page: 781 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR19 publication-title: Nat. Immunol. doi: 10.1038/s41590-022-01184-4 – volume: 16 start-page: 17 year: 2023 ident: 1613_CR63 publication-title: Mucosal Immunol. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.004 – volume: 2 start-page: 100355 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR17 publication-title: Cell Rep. Med. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100355 – volume: 13 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR29 publication-title: Nat. Commun. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31888-y – volume: 309 start-page: 13 year: 1983 ident: 1613_CR55 publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198307073090103 – volume: 27 start-page: 1205 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR1 publication-title: Nat. Med. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8 – volume: 2 start-page: 100354 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR14 publication-title: Cell Rep. Med. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100354 – volume: 2 start-page: 100204 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR46 publication-title: Cell Rep. Med. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100204 – volume: 207 start-page: 1033 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR59 publication-title: J. Immunol. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001381 – volume: 374 start-page: abm0829 year: 2021 ident: 1613_CR11 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.abm0829 – volume: 186 start-page: 1407 year: 1997 ident: 1613_CR51 publication-title: J. Exp. Med. doi: 10.1084/jem.186.9.1407 – volume: 386 start-page: 933 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR7 publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2117128 – volume: 7 start-page: e155483 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR25 publication-title: JCI Insight doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.155483 – volume: 7 start-page: 675 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR23 publication-title: Nat. Microbiol. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01106-y – volume: 3 start-page: 827 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR30 publication-title: Med doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.09.001 – volume: 185 start-page: 1875 year: 2022 ident: 1613_CR12 publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.009 – volume: 56 start-page: 864 year: 2023 ident: 1613_CR48 publication-title: Immunity doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.005 – volume: 369 start-page: 1249 year: 2020 ident: 1613_CR41 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.abc8665
SSID	ssj0014764
Score	2.6406825
Snippet	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common but rarely results in severe disease,...
SourceID	proquest crossref springer
SourceType	Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	1711
SubjectTerms	631/250/2152/1566 631/250/2152/1566/1571 631/250/2152/2153/1291 631/250/590/2293 692/699/255/2514 Antigens Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine CD8 antigen Cell activation Cell differentiation Coronaviruses COVID-19 Flow cytometry Immune response Immunological memory Immunology Infections Infectious Diseases Kinetics Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Memory cells Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Vaccine efficacy Vaccines
Title	Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41590-023-01613-y https://www.proquest.com/docview/2869100092 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2868121563
Volume	24
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1529-2916 dateEnd: 20241208 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014764 issn: 1529-2908 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1529-2916 dateEnd: 20241208 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014764 issn: 1529-2908 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1529-2916 dateEnd: 20241208 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014764 issn: 1529-2908 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1529-2916 dateEnd: 20241208 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014764 issn: 1529-2908 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 20230101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpR1db9Mw8MQ2mHjhYzBRGJWReANrTdw4zhMa1SZeqKptoL5FjmNrFZCUZJuUd344d47TCiT2wouVxE5s5c535_sEeGudLgxSPi5TF_Op0jHPlCrwCntQPE9K6XyxiXQ-V8tltggKtza4VQ400RPqsjakIz-OlcxIF53FH9Y_OVWNIutqKKGxA3uUJUF4173FxoowTX36KGRRGY-ziQpBMxOhjltkXNmEI8fiJPQI3v3JmLbS5l8GUs93zh7_74qfwKMgcbKTHkWewj1bHcCDvgZldwD7n4N1_Rn8WjSrumG32uC9hxhbe2892zJLiZAZRUH0OlxWO_aDvHQ7dslI-98yXZXMVleERi1bUdyJZU3vgosP-nhIdnFyfsFn9VceMzyM62-hThAbnMKq5_Dl7PRy9omHKg3ciCjq-NRkeMqUOrWUmy5xWsvICiQVqREitloaJIouSYw2xcQmSFRKlxYKzz1lGQubiUPYrerKvgAWJU5aN7VJ4igvoCwiK3UZWRRJFJGfEUQDiHITUphTJY3vuTelC5X3YM0RrLkHa96N4N3mnXWfwOPO0UcDLPOwmdt8C8gRvNl04zakv6srW9_4MYpQUOIi3w8Ys_3Ev2d8efeMr-AhFbjv3QePYPe6ubGv4b65vV61zRh20mXqW4WtmkVj2Pt4Ol-cj_1G-A0UvwpX
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB5V5XnhUUAsFDASnMDqxtk4zgGhqlC1arta0QX1ljqOLVYtyZK0Rbnze_iNzDjJrkCitx64JXESR843D9vfzAC8sk5nBjUfl7ETfKS04IlSGR5hC7rnUS6dLzYRj8fq6CiZrMCvPhaGaJW9TvSKOi8NrZFvCCUTWotOxPv5d05Vo2h3tS-h0cJizzY_cMpWv9v9gP_3tRDbH6dbO7yrKsBNGAQNH5kEZ0VSx5ZyqUVOaxnYEKEdmzAUVkuDQuyiyGiTDW2EQpC7OFPop-e5CC0lX0KVfw3dCKE8VXCy2LUYxT5dFZrEhItkqLognWGoNmo0lMmQo4Xk5GSFvPnTEC692782ZL2d2777v43QPbjTedRssxWB-7BiizW40dbYbNbg5kHHHngAPyfVrKzYhTZ47hHJ5p6NaGtmKdEzoyiPdo2alY59IxZyw6aMdjdqpouc2eIriUnNZhRXY1nVUozxQhvvyQ43Px3yrfILFyxDf_ykq4PEetJb8RA-X8loPILVoizsY2BB5KR1IxtFjvIeyiywUueBRZdLkXodQNBDIjVdinaqFHKaeqpAqNIWRinCKPUwSpsBvFk8M28TlFx693qPnbRTVnW6BM4AXi6aUc3Q6OrCluf-HkWJSCR-5NseoctX_LvHJ5f3-AJu7UwP9tP93fHeU7gtSEA8VXIdVs-qc_sMrpuLs1ldPfeixuD4qpH7Gw7OYhM
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB5VBSouPAqIhQJGghNYu3E2jnNAqNqyoiqsVrSg3lLHscUKSJakLcqdX8WvY8ZJdgUSvfXALYmTOHK-edj-ZgbgmXU6M6j5uIyd4GOlBU-UyvAIW9A9j3LpfLGJeDZTx8fJfAN-9bEwRKvsdaJX1HlpaI18KJRMaC06EUPX0SLme9PXy--cKkjRTmtfTqOFyIFtfuD0rX61v4f_-rkQ0zdHk7e8qzDATRgEDR-bBGdIUseW8qpFTmsZ2BBhHpswFFZLgwLtoshok41shAKRuzhT6LPnuQgtJWJC9X8lDhHFFKU-WdFLgnHsU1eheUy4SEaqC9gZhWpYo9FMRhytJSeHK-TNn0Zx7en-tTnrbd705v88WrfgRudps91WNG7Dhi224Vpbe7PZhq33HavgDvycV4uyYufa4LlHKlt6lqKtmaUE0IyiP9q1a1Y69o3YyQ07YrTrUTNd5MwWn0l8arageBvLqpZ6jBfaOFB2uPvhkE_KT1ywDP30L119JNaT4Yq78PFSRuMebBZlYe8DCyInrRvbKHKUD1FmgZU6Dyy6YorU7gCCHh6p6VK3UwWRr6mnEIQqbSGVIqRSD6m0GcCL1TPLNnHJhXfv9DhKOyVWp2sQDeDpqhnVD42uLmx55u9RlKBE4ke-7NG6fsW_e3xwcY9PYAsBm77bnx08hOuCZMUzKHdg87Q6s4_gqjk_XdTVYy91DE4uG7i_AWy3aok
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prior+vaccination+promotes+early+activation+of+memory+T+cells+and+enhances+immune+responses+during+SARS-CoV-2+breakthrough+infection&rft.jtitle=Nature+immunology&rft.au=Painter%2C+Mark+M.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Timothy+S.&rft.au=Lundgreen%2C+Kendall+A.&rft.au=Santos%2C+Jefferson+J.+S.&rft.date=2023-10-01&rft.pub=Nature+Publishing+Group+US&rft.issn=1529-2908&rft.eissn=1529-2916&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1711&rft.epage=1724&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41590-023-01613-y&rft.externalDocID=10_1038_s41590_023_01613_y
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1529-2908&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1529-2908&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1529-2908&client=summon