Analysing value substitution and confidence estimation for value prediction

Value Prediction is one of the newest techniques used to break down ILP limits. Despite being under continuous study during the last few years, a few aspects related to this emerging technique remain unanalysed in depth. Exhaustively investigated in the context of control speculation, confidence est...

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Published in:	Journal of systems architecture Vol. 47; no. 5; pp. 459 - 475
Main Authors:	Piñuel, Luis, Moreno, Rafael A, Tirado, Francisco
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.05.2001 Elsevier Elsevier Sequoia S.A
Subjects:	Applied sciences Compound structure devices Computer science; control theory; systems Confidence estimation Control speculation Electronics Exact sciences and technology Logic programming Programming theory Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices Simulation Studies Theoretical computing Value analysis Value prediction Value prediction Control speculation Confidence estimation Performance evaluation Processor Confidence Program execution Estimation Prediction Value analysis Speculation
ISSN:	1383-7621, 1873-6165
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Abstract	Value Prediction is one of the newest techniques used to break down ILP limits. Despite being under continuous study during the last few years, a few aspects related to this emerging technique remain unanalysed in depth. Exhaustively investigated in the context of control speculation, confidence estimation has usually played a secondary role on value prediction and speculation. Closely linked to confidence estimation, value substitution also represents a relegated subject of research. This paper is focussed on analysing, in an isolated way, the respective impact on predictor performance of both confidence estimation and value substitution mechanisms. By using detailed pipeline-level simulations, we prove that improvements in these mechanisms are as important as reducing the predictor aliasing or even improving the prediction model.
AbstractList	Value Prediction is one of the newest techniques used to break down ILP limits. Despite being under continuous study during the last few years, a few aspects related to this emerging technique remain unanalyzed in depth. Exhaustively investigated in the context of control speculation, confidence estimation has usually played a secondary role on value prediction and speculation. Closely linked to confidence estimation, value substitution also represents a relegated subject of research. This paper is focused on analyzing, in an isolated way, the respective impact on predictor performance of both confidence estimation and value substitution mechanisms. By using detailed pipeline-level simulations,it is proven that improvements in these mechanisms are as important as reducing the predictor aliasing or even improving the prediction model. Value Prediction is one of the newest techniques used to break down ILP limits. Despite being under continuous study during the last few years, a few aspects related to this emerging technique remain unanalysed in depth. Exhaustively investigated in the context of control speculation, confidence estimation has usually played a secondary role on value prediction and speculation. Closely linked to confidence estimation, value substitution also represents a relegated subject of research. This paper is focussed on analysing, in an isolated way, the respective impact on predictor performance of both confidence estimation and value substitution mechanisms. By using detailed pipeline-level simulations, we prove that improvements in these mechanisms are as important as reducing the predictor aliasing or even improving the prediction model.
Author	Piñuel, Luis Moreno, Rafael A Tirado, Francisco
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Luis surname: Piñuel fullname: Piñuel, Luis email: lpinuel@dacya.ucm.es – sequence: 2 givenname: Rafael A surname: Moreno fullname: Moreno, Rafael A email: rmoreno@dacya.ucm.es – sequence: 3 givenname: Francisco surname: Tirado fullname: Tirado, Francisco email: ptirado@dacya.ucm.es
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Cites_doi	10.1145/268806.268810 10.1109/ISCA.1999.765940 10.1109/MICRO.1996.566464 10.1109/PACT.1999.807407 10.1007/3-540-48311-X_183 10.1145/165939.165956 10.1109/MICRO.1997.645805 10.1109/PACT.1998.727186 10.1109/MICRO.1997.645819 10.1109/ISCA.1999.765939 10.1109/HPCA.1999.744311 10.1109/12.48865 10.1109/MICRO.1997.645815 10.1109/MICRO.1996.566457 10.1109/MICRO.1996.566447 10.1109/ISCA.1998.694768 10.1109/MICRO.1997.645817
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Keywords	Value prediction Control speculation Confidence estimation Performance evaluation Processor Confidence Program execution Estimation Prediction Value analysis Speculation
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References_xml	– reference: M. Bekerman, S. Jourdan, R. Ronen, G. Kirshenboim, L. Rappoport, A. Yoaz, U. Weiser, Correlated Load-Address Predictor, in: Proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA-26), May 1999 – reference: Y. Sazeides, J.E. Smith, The Predictability of Data Values, in: Proceedings of 30th International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-30) December 1997 248–258 – volume: 39 start-page: 349 year: 1990 end-page: 359 ident: BIB20 article-title: Instruction issue logic for high-performance, interrumpible, multiple functional unit, pipelined computers publication-title: IEEE Trans. on Computer – reference: R. Moreno, Using value prediction as a complexity- effective solution to improve performance, Technical Report 5/98, Department of Computer Architecture, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, 1998 – reference: E. Rotenberg, S. Bennett, J.E. Smith, Trace cache: A low latency approach to high bandwidth instruction fetching, Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-29) December 1996, 24–34 – reference: M.H. Lipasti, Value locality and speculative execution, Ph.D. Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, April 1997 – reference: L. Piñuel, R.A. Moreno, F. Tirado, Implementation of hybrid context-based value predictors using value sequence classification, in: Proceedings of the 5th International Euro-Par Conference, August 1999 – reference: T-Y. Yeh, D. Marr, Y. Patt, Increasing the Instruction Fetch Rate via Multiple Branch Prediction and a Branch Address Cache, in: Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Conference on Supercomputing, (ICS'93) July 1993, 67–76 – reference: F. Gabbay, A. Mendelson, Can Program Profiling Support Value Prediction? in: Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-30) December 1997, pp. 270–280 – reference: T. Nakra, R. Gupta, M.L. Soffa, Global context-based value prediction, in: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium On High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-5), January 1999 – reference: D.W. Wall, Limits of Instruction-Level Parallelism, Technical Report WRL 93/6 Digital Western Research Laboratory, 1993 – reference: D. Burger, T.M. Austin, The SimpleScalar Tool Set, Version 2.0. Technical Report CS#1342, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1997 – reference: B. Calder, G. Reinman, D.M. Tullsen, Selective Value Prediction. in: Proceedings of the 26th Internaional Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA-26), May 1999 – reference: L. Piñuel, R.A. Moreno, F. Tirado, Effect of Saturating counters configuration on Data Value Speculation, Technical Report 3/99, Dep. Computer Architecture, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, 1999 – reference: D. Grunwald, A. Klauser, S. Manne, A. Pleszkun, Confidence estimation for speculation control, in: Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA-25) (1998) 122–131 – reference: M.H. Lipasti, J.P. Shen, Exceeding the dataflow limit via value prediction, in: Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-29) December 1996, 226–237 – reference: Y. Sazeides, J.E. Smith, Implementations of Context Based Value Predictors. Technical Report #ECE-TR-97-8, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1997 – reference: M. Burtscher, B.G. Zorn, Prediction Outcome History-based Confidence Estimation for Load Value Prediction, Journal of Instruction Level Parallelism, May 1999 – reference: E. Rotenberg, Q. Jacobson, Y. Sazeides, J. Smith, Trace Processors, in: Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-30) December 1997, 138–148 – volume: 22 year: 1998 ident: BIB6 article-title: Improving achievable ILP trough value prediction and program profiling publication-title: Microprocess. Microsyst. – reference: K. Wang, M. Franklin, Highly accurate data value prediction using hybrid predictors, in: Proceedings of 30th International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-30) December 1997 281–290 – reference: E. Jacobsen, E. Rotenberg, J.E. Smith, Assigning Confidence to Conditional Branch Predictions, in: Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-29), December 1996 – reference: B. Rychlik, J. Faisty, B. Krug, J.P. Shen, Efficacy and performance impact of value prediction, in: Proceedings of the Parellel Architecture and Compilation Techniques (PACT-98), 1998 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB1 doi: 10.1145/268806.268810 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB22 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB4 doi: 10.1109/ISCA.1999.765940 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB9 doi: 10.1109/MICRO.1996.566464 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB3 doi: 10.1109/PACT.1999.807407 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB13 doi: 10.1007/3-540-48311-X_183 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB23 doi: 10.1145/165939.165956 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB16 doi: 10.1109/MICRO.1997.645805 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB17 doi: 10.1109/PACT.1998.727186 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB19 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB14 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB21 doi: 10.1109/MICRO.1997.645819 – volume: 22 issue: 3 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB6 article-title: Improving achievable ILP trough value prediction and program profiling publication-title: Microprocess. Microsyst. – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB2 doi: 10.1109/ISCA.1999.765939 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB10 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB11 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB12 doi: 10.1109/HPCA.1999.744311 – volume: 39 start-page: 349 issue: 3 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB20 article-title: Instruction issue logic for high-performance, interrumpible, multiple functional unit, pipelined computers publication-title: IEEE Trans. on Computer doi: 10.1109/12.48865 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB18 doi: 10.1109/MICRO.1997.645815 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB8 doi: 10.1109/MICRO.1996.566457 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB15 doi: 10.1109/MICRO.1996.566447 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB7 doi: 10.1109/ISCA.1998.694768 – ident: 10.1016/S1383-7621(01)00006-6_BIB5 doi: 10.1109/MICRO.1997.645817
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SubjectTerms	Applied sciences Compound structure devices Computer science; control theory; systems Confidence estimation Control speculation Electronics Exact sciences and technology Logic programming Programming theory Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices Simulation Studies Theoretical computing Value analysis Value prediction
Title	Analysing value substitution and confidence estimation for value prediction
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