First-/last-mile experience matters: The influence of the built environment on satisfaction and loyalty among public transit riders

Public transit authorities have enhanced the travel experience to promote ridership and customer loyalty. Previous studies about satisfaction and loyalty of transit riders, however, give less attention to out-of-vehicle environments such as walking/biking routes, transfer comfort, and traffic and cr...

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Veröffentlicht in:Transport policy Jg. 112; S. 32 - 42
Hauptverfasser: Park, Keunhyun, Farb, Anna, Chen, Shuolei
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2021
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ISSN:0967-070X
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Abstract Public transit authorities have enhanced the travel experience to promote ridership and customer loyalty. Previous studies about satisfaction and loyalty of transit riders, however, give less attention to out-of-vehicle environments such as walking/biking routes, transfer comfort, and traffic and crime safety conditions. The first-mile and last-mile problem—distance traveled before and after using transit—is a well-known barrier of transit use, but an empirical study about how people experience it is lacking. Thus, this study aims to explore how transit riders experience out-of-vehicle environments—access, transfer, and egress—and how their experience is related to overall satisfaction and loyalty to transit service. We conducted a questionnaire survey of people (n = 445) living in areas served by the Utah Transit Authority and analyzed the responses through an Importance-Satisfaction analysis and a path analysis, a type of structural equation modeling. A descriptive analysis demonstrates complex first-mile travel patterns: driving is the most common mode to start a transit-involved trip (68.5%), and one-third of transit riders transfer more than once before riding on a transit (e.g., driving → walking → transit). Results from the Importance-Satisfaction analysis highlight both traffic and crime safety concerns at transit stops and walking routes as a critical out-of-vehicle element most in need of improvement. A path analysis result confirms that out-of-vehicle environments—in particular, safety and transfer experience—influence customer satisfaction and loyalty more than in-vehicle and system-related factors do. This paper concludes with practical suggestions for multiple agencies (e.g., public transit, transportation, and urban planning), including urban design strategies, land use-transit integration, and multi-modal integration. •We find complex first-mile travel patterns with multiple transfers.•Driving is the most common mode to start a transit-involved trip.•Traffic and crime safety issues are most in need of improvement.•Out-of-vehicle environments influence customer satisfaction and loyalty.
AbstractList Public transit authorities have enhanced the travel experience to promote ridership and customer loyalty. Previous studies about satisfaction and loyalty of transit riders, however, give less attention to out-of-vehicle environments such as walking/biking routes, transfer comfort, and traffic and crime safety conditions. The first-mile and last-mile problem—distance traveled before and after using transit—is a well-known barrier of transit use, but an empirical study about how people experience it is lacking. Thus, this study aims to explore how transit riders experience out-of-vehicle environments—access, transfer, and egress—and how their experience is related to overall satisfaction and loyalty to transit service. We conducted a questionnaire survey of people (n = 445) living in areas served by the Utah Transit Authority and analyzed the responses through an Importance-Satisfaction analysis and a path analysis, a type of structural equation modeling. A descriptive analysis demonstrates complex first-mile travel patterns: driving is the most common mode to start a transit-involved trip (68.5%), and one-third of transit riders transfer more than once before riding on a transit (e.g., driving → walking → transit). Results from the Importance-Satisfaction analysis highlight both traffic and crime safety concerns at transit stops and walking routes as a critical out-of-vehicle element most in need of improvement. A path analysis result confirms that out-of-vehicle environments—in particular, safety and transfer experience—influence customer satisfaction and loyalty more than in-vehicle and system-related factors do. This paper concludes with practical suggestions for multiple agencies (e.g., public transit, transportation, and urban planning), including urban design strategies, land use-transit integration, and multi-modal integration. •We find complex first-mile travel patterns with multiple transfers.•Driving is the most common mode to start a transit-involved trip.•Traffic and crime safety issues are most in need of improvement.•Out-of-vehicle environments influence customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Author Park, Keunhyun
Farb, Anna
Chen, Shuolei
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Keunhyun
  surname: Park
  fullname: Park, Keunhyun
  email: keunhyun.park@usu.edu
  organization: Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Utah State University, 4005 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-4005, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Anna
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9036-3408
  surname: Farb
  fullname: Farb, Anna
  email: anna.r.farb@gmail.com
  organization: Nevada Department of Transportation, Utah Geological Survey, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Shuolei
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Shuolei
  email: shuoleichen@njfu.edu.cn
  organization: Nanjing Forestry University, China
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Keywords Customer loyalty
First-mile and last-mile
Out-of-vehicle environments
Customer satisfaction
Transit-oriented development
Language English
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Snippet Public transit authorities have enhanced the travel experience to promote ridership and customer loyalty. Previous studies about satisfaction and loyalty of...
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StartPage 32
SubjectTerms Customer loyalty
Customer satisfaction
First-mile and last-mile
Out-of-vehicle environments
Transit-oriented development
Title First-/last-mile experience matters: The influence of the built environment on satisfaction and loyalty among public transit riders
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.08.003
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