A methodological framework to generate transit-oriented development (TOD) typologies

To support the implementation of transit-oriented development (TOD) in different contexts, researchers and planners increasingly use TOD typologies. While the methodologies developed to generate TOD typologies are frequently meant to be transferable across different contexts, no studies explicitly a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cities Jg. 166; S. 106270
Hauptverfasser: Robillard, Arianne, van Lierop, Dea, Boisjoly, Geneviève
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Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2025
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Abstract To support the implementation of transit-oriented development (TOD) in different contexts, researchers and planners increasingly use TOD typologies. While the methodologies developed to generate TOD typologies are frequently meant to be transferable across different contexts, no studies explicitly analyze and describe how to adapt these methodologies to other regions. Therefore, this paper examines which factors need to be considered when applying a TOD typology methodology to any given region. This paper provides a detailed description of the process of adapting an existing bicycle-oriented TOD typology methodology that was developed for Montreal (Canada) to another context in Rotterdam (the Netherlands). The transfer results in two distinct typologies by clustering stations based on their respective contexts. Based on the findings, we designed a five-step methodological framework to guide TOD typology development across diverse contexts. The five steps are: (i) identify the study area (public transport stations) and define the research or planning objectives underlying the development of the typology, (ii) identify indicators and the catchment area, (iii) select the classification methods, (iv) present the clustering results, and (v) discuss planning implications. This study is not a comparative analysis of classification results between Montreal and Rotterdam, but rather a critical analysis of the transferability of a TOD typology methodology, which has implications for any planning tool that is used beyond a single context. The proposed framework makes developing a TOD typology more accessible to planners and, therefore, supports the use of TOD typology in practice. •Transfer of a TOD typology tool from Montreal, Canada to Rotterdam, Netherlands.•Five-step methodological framework to design context-specific TOD typologies.•Contextualization of the tool based on the study area and planning objectives is key.•Proposed framework enables local station development policy recommendations.
AbstractList To support the implementation of transit-oriented development (TOD) in different contexts, researchers and planners increasingly use TOD typologies. While the methodologies developed to generate TOD typologies are frequently meant to be transferable across different contexts, no studies explicitly analyze and describe how to adapt these methodologies to other regions. Therefore, this paper examines which factors need to be considered when applying a TOD typology methodology to any given region. This paper provides a detailed description of the process of adapting an existing bicycle-oriented TOD typology methodology that was developed for Montreal (Canada) to another context in Rotterdam (the Netherlands). The transfer results in two distinct typologies by clustering stations based on their respective contexts. Based on the findings, we designed a five-step methodological framework to guide TOD typology development across diverse contexts. The five steps are: (i) identify the study area (public transport stations) and define the research or planning objectives underlying the development of the typology, (ii) identify indicators and the catchment area, (iii) select the classification methods, (iv) present the clustering results, and (v) discuss planning implications. This study is not a comparative analysis of classification results between Montreal and Rotterdam, but rather a critical analysis of the transferability of a TOD typology methodology, which has implications for any planning tool that is used beyond a single context. The proposed framework makes developing a TOD typology more accessible to planners and, therefore, supports the use of TOD typology in practice. •Transfer of a TOD typology tool from Montreal, Canada to Rotterdam, Netherlands.•Five-step methodological framework to design context-specific TOD typologies.•Contextualization of the tool based on the study area and planning objectives is key.•Proposed framework enables local station development policy recommendations.
ArticleNumber 106270
Author Boisjoly, Geneviève
van Lierop, Dea
Robillard, Arianne
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  givenname: Dea
  surname: van Lierop
  fullname: van Lierop, Dea
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  givenname: Geneviève
  surname: Boisjoly
  fullname: Boisjoly, Geneviève
  email: gboisjoly@polymtl.ca
  organization: Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada
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Keywords Clustering
Bicycle
Transit-oriented development
TOD typology
Station development
Classification
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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Snippet To support the implementation of transit-oriented development (TOD) in different contexts, researchers and planners increasingly use TOD typologies. While the...
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StartPage 106270
SubjectTerms Bicycle
Classification
Clustering
Station development
TOD typology
Transit-oriented development
Title A methodological framework to generate transit-oriented development (TOD) typologies
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2025.106270
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