A prediction model for determining the fracture toughness of saturated asphalt concrete in sub-zero temperatures

Cracks in asphalt concrete due to decreasing temperatures are common in cold regions. As the number of temperature cycles increases, crack growth accelerates. After precipitation, water enters the asphalt’s air voids, and in sub-zero temperatures, the formation of ice crystals causes further damage,...

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Vydáno v:Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics Ročník 138; s. 104965
Hlavní autoři: Fakhri, Mansour, Siyadati, Sayyed Ali, Aliha, M.R.M
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2025
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ISSN:0167-8442
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Abstract Cracks in asphalt concrete due to decreasing temperatures are common in cold regions. As the number of temperature cycles increases, crack growth accelerates. After precipitation, water enters the asphalt’s air voids, and in sub-zero temperatures, the formation of ice crystals causes further damage, leading to an increased risk of surface cracking. In this research, the influence of freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) on the fracture toughness (FT) of saturated asphalt specimens has been assessed utilizing the fracture mechanics method in pure and mixed modes; furthermore, a prediction model has been presented. The asphalt specimens were prepared in the form of Semi-Circular Bend (SCB). After saturating the SCB samples, they were subjected to a maximum of 11 FTCs. Then, the specimens were fractured at three sub-zero temperatures including −8 °C, −18 °C and –22 °C, using a three-point bend loading setup in four fracture modes (Me = 0,0.38, 0.8 and 1). The selected temperatures were determined based on meteorological data obtained from city of Qazvin in Qazvin Province, Iran, and the K-means clustering method to closely simulate the actual temperature conditions experienced by pavements. The outcomes of this research illustrate that as the number of FTCs increases, the FT decreases. Also, after cycle number seven, the reduction in the rate of FT reduction significantly slowed. Reducing the temperature to −18 °C gives rise to an increase in the resistance of the specimens against fracture; however, a further decrease in temperature results in a decrease in the resistance of samples against failure. The minimum resistance of specimens occurred in 0.4 < Me < 0.8, and in pure modes, higher resistance was observed. The FTC cycles used in this research will provide more realistic results than the cycles suggested by AASHTO T-283 standard. Eventually, among the variables, including FTCs, temperature, and loading modes, FTCs has the most significant impact on FT.
AbstractList Cracks in asphalt concrete due to decreasing temperatures are common in cold regions. As the number of temperature cycles increases, crack growth accelerates. After precipitation, water enters the asphalt’s air voids, and in sub-zero temperatures, the formation of ice crystals causes further damage, leading to an increased risk of surface cracking. In this research, the influence of freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) on the fracture toughness (FT) of saturated asphalt specimens has been assessed utilizing the fracture mechanics method in pure and mixed modes; furthermore, a prediction model has been presented. The asphalt specimens were prepared in the form of Semi-Circular Bend (SCB). After saturating the SCB samples, they were subjected to a maximum of 11 FTCs. Then, the specimens were fractured at three sub-zero temperatures including −8 °C, −18 °C and –22 °C, using a three-point bend loading setup in four fracture modes (Me = 0,0.38, 0.8 and 1). The selected temperatures were determined based on meteorological data obtained from city of Qazvin in Qazvin Province, Iran, and the K-means clustering method to closely simulate the actual temperature conditions experienced by pavements. The outcomes of this research illustrate that as the number of FTCs increases, the FT decreases. Also, after cycle number seven, the reduction in the rate of FT reduction significantly slowed. Reducing the temperature to −18 °C gives rise to an increase in the resistance of the specimens against fracture; however, a further decrease in temperature results in a decrease in the resistance of samples against failure. The minimum resistance of specimens occurred in 0.4 < Me < 0.8, and in pure modes, higher resistance was observed. The FTC cycles used in this research will provide more realistic results than the cycles suggested by AASHTO T-283 standard. Eventually, among the variables, including FTCs, temperature, and loading modes, FTCs has the most significant impact on FT.
ArticleNumber 104965
Author Fakhri, Mansour
Aliha, M.R.M
Siyadati, Sayyed Ali
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  surname: Fakhri
  fullname: Fakhri, Mansour
  email: fakhri@kntu.ac.ir
  organization: Department of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 1996715433, Iran
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  givenname: Sayyed Ali
  surname: Siyadati
  fullname: Siyadati, Sayyed Ali
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  givenname: M.R.M
  surname: Aliha
  fullname: Aliha, M.R.M
  organization: Welding and Joining Research Center, School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
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Keywords Meteorological data
K-means clustering method
Freeze & thaw cycles
Saturated asphalt concrete
Semi-circular bend specimen
Pure and mixed modes
Fracture toughness
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Snippet Cracks in asphalt concrete due to decreasing temperatures are common in cold regions. As the number of temperature cycles increases, crack growth accelerates....
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StartPage 104965
SubjectTerms Fracture toughness
Freeze & thaw cycles
K-means clustering method
Meteorological data
Pure and mixed modes
Saturated asphalt concrete
Semi-circular bend specimen
Title A prediction model for determining the fracture toughness of saturated asphalt concrete in sub-zero temperatures
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.104965
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