Measuring earnings inequality and median earnings in the tourism industry
The purpose of this paper is two-fold: to measure the degree of earnings inequality in tourism employees in South Korea, using the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve; and to examine the level of earnings based on median earnings. The results show that tourism generates a moderately equal distribu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Tourism management (1982) Jg. 19; H. 4; S. 341 - 348 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.08.1998
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| ISSN: | 0261-5177, 1879-3193 |
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| Abstract | The purpose of this paper is two-fold: to measure the degree of earnings inequality in tourism employees in South Korea, using the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve; and to examine the level of earnings based on median earnings. The results show that tourism generates a moderately equal distribution of earnings. In general, tourism performs earnings distribution better than secondary and tertiary industries, but it performs poorly as compared with primary industry. The results also indicate that tourism is more likely to improve living standards for the lower income class than secondary and tertiary industries. The analysis of median earnings, however, indicates that tourism is a low wage industry. The labor-intensive nature of the tourism industry absorbing many unskilled and semi-skilled workers might be attributed to its low wage structure. It is interesting to note that tourism was found to be advantageous to female workers in terms of earnings inequality and the level of earnings. |
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| AbstractList | The purpose of this paper is two-fold: to measure the degree of earnings inequality in tourism employees in South Korea, using the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve; and to examine the level of earnings based on median earnings. The results show that tourism generates a moderately equal distribution of earnings. In general, tourism performs earnings distribution better than secondary and tertiary industries, but it performs poorly as compared with primary industry. The results also indicate that tourism is more likely to improve living standards for the lower income class than secondary and tertiary industries. The analysis of median earnings, however, indicates that tourism is a low wage industry. The labor-intensive nature of the tourism industry absorbing many unskilled and semi-skilled workers might be attributed to its low wage structure. It is interesting to note that tourism was found to be advantageous to female workers in terms of earnings inequality and the level of earnings. |
| Author | Lee, Choong-Ki Kang, Seyoung |
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| Cites_doi | 10.2307/1911387 10.1177/004728759703600108 10.2307/2276207 10.1177/004728758202100204 10.1080/10941669708721962 |
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| References | Pizam (BIB21) 1982; 21 Lydall (BIB24) 1976 Mathieson, Wall (BIB1) 1982 Mincer (BIB22) 1970; 8 Henson (BIB11) 1967; No. 17 Schnitzer (BIB16) 1974 Shryock, Siegel (BIB12) 1976 Lorenz (BIB15) 1905; 9 Bronfenbrenner (BIB13) 1971 Coverman (BIB20) 1988 Lee, Kwon (BIB10) 1997; 36 Ministry of Labor, Korea (BIB9) 1996 Duh, Fwu-Jen (BIB18) 1984 Mincer (BIB23) 1976 Painton (BIB3) 1991 Ministry of Labor, Korea (BIB8) 1991 Ministry of Labor, Korea (BIB6) 1981 Ministry of Labor, Korea (BIB7) 1986 Stockwell (BIB17) 1976 Rose, Stevens, Davis (BIB2) 1988 Sokoloff (BIB19) 1988 Kakwani, Podder (BIB14) 1976; 44 Lee (BIB4) 1992 Lee (BIB5) 1996; 1 Painton (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB3) 1991 Ministry of Labor, Korea (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB9) 1996 Ministry of Labor, Korea (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB8) 1991 Lee (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB5) 1996; 1 Lorenz (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB15) 1905; 9 Kakwani (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB14) 1976; 44 Lee (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB4) 1992 Pizam (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB21) 1982; 21 Schnitzer (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB16) 1974 Mincer (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB22) 1970; 8 Mathieson (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB1) 1982 Ministry of Labor, Korea (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB6) 1981 Lee (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB10) 1997; 36 Ministry of Labor, Korea (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB7) 1986 Stockwell (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB17) 1976 Coverman (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB20) 1988 Shryock (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB12) 1976 Sokoloff (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB19) 1988 Lydall (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB24) 1976 Rose (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB2) 1988 Duh (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB18) 1984 Mincer (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB23) 1976 Henson (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB11) 1967; No. 17 Bronfenbrenner (10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00033-8_BIB13) 1971 |
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