Heterogeneous aggregators competing in a local flexibility market for active distribution system management: A bi-level programming approach
•A bi-level programming model of flexibility is introduced in active distribution systems.•Flexibility is sourced from different types of distributed energy resources (DER)•DER considered are demand response, renewable energy resources and energy storage.•Multiple aggregators offer flexibility servi...
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| Vydáno v: | International journal of electrical power & energy systems Ročník 136; s. 107639 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2022
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| ISSN: | 0142-0615, 1879-3517 |
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| Abstract | •A bi-level programming model of flexibility is introduced in active distribution systems.•Flexibility is sourced from different types of distributed energy resources (DER)•DER considered are demand response, renewable energy resources and energy storage.•Multiple aggregators offer flexibility services in a competitive local market.•Aggregators are paid with pay-as-bid or uniform pricing mechanism.
The emerging role of aggregators in the electric power industry brings forth financial benefits and opportunities for the efficient management of active distribution systems (ADS). Aggregators represent heterogeneous sources of flexibility connected at demand-side, such as flexible loads, small-scale renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS), and regulate their consumption and/or production in a manner to offer competitive flexibility services. This paper introduces a novel one-leader multi-followers bi-level programming model for the procurement of flexibility services in a local market that is organized for the management of ADS. The upper level problem maximizes the profit of a distribution company, which acts as supplier of electricity to end-customers, while considering the network technical constraints that are imposed by the distribution system operator. The lower level problems, in turn, maximize the profit of multiple heterogeneous aggregators acting as flexibility service providers. Two different types of aggregators have been modeled: a) load aggregators, each interacting with a group of flexible end-customers (residential or commercial), and b) RES-ESS aggregators, each managing a group of small-scale RES by exploiting ESS. The model is tested on a modified 33-nodes distribution system to demonstrate the financial benefits that arise, and fruitful findings are extracted with sensitivity analysis. |
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| AbstractList | •A bi-level programming model of flexibility is introduced in active distribution systems.•Flexibility is sourced from different types of distributed energy resources (DER)•DER considered are demand response, renewable energy resources and energy storage.•Multiple aggregators offer flexibility services in a competitive local market.•Aggregators are paid with pay-as-bid or uniform pricing mechanism.
The emerging role of aggregators in the electric power industry brings forth financial benefits and opportunities for the efficient management of active distribution systems (ADS). Aggregators represent heterogeneous sources of flexibility connected at demand-side, such as flexible loads, small-scale renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS), and regulate their consumption and/or production in a manner to offer competitive flexibility services. This paper introduces a novel one-leader multi-followers bi-level programming model for the procurement of flexibility services in a local market that is organized for the management of ADS. The upper level problem maximizes the profit of a distribution company, which acts as supplier of electricity to end-customers, while considering the network technical constraints that are imposed by the distribution system operator. The lower level problems, in turn, maximize the profit of multiple heterogeneous aggregators acting as flexibility service providers. Two different types of aggregators have been modeled: a) load aggregators, each interacting with a group of flexible end-customers (residential or commercial), and b) RES-ESS aggregators, each managing a group of small-scale RES by exploiting ESS. The model is tested on a modified 33-nodes distribution system to demonstrate the financial benefits that arise, and fruitful findings are extracted with sensitivity analysis. |
| ArticleNumber | 107639 |
| Author | Evangelopoulos, Vasileios A. Kontopoulos, Theofanis P. Georgilakis, Pavlos S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vasileios A. surname: Evangelopoulos fullname: Evangelopoulos, Vasileios A. – sequence: 2 givenname: Theofanis P. surname: Kontopoulos fullname: Kontopoulos, Theofanis P. – sequence: 3 givenname: Pavlos S. surname: Georgilakis fullname: Georgilakis, Pavlos S. email: pgeorg@power.ece.ntua.gr |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2279263 10.1109/TSG.2016.2565383 10.3390/en11040822 10.1109/TII.2019.2921790 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114387 10.1109/MPE.2019.2949442 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106392 10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.03.015 10.1109/TSG.2014.2329846 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2390412 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112335 10.3390/en11092391 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2510612 10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2019.8881382 10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.0327 10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5415 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2975663 10.1016/j.epsr.2009.10.016 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105466 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2943670 10.1109/TSTE.2020.2980317 10.1109/61.25627 10.1002/2050-7038.12109 |
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| Keywords | Bi-level optimization Distributed energy resources Aggregators Demand response Active distribution systems Flexibility services Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints |
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| SubjectTerms | Active distribution systems Aggregators Bi-level optimization Demand response Distributed energy resources Flexibility services Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints |
| Title | Heterogeneous aggregators competing in a local flexibility market for active distribution system management: A bi-level programming approach |
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