CMOS transconductance multipliers: a tutorial

Real time analog multiplication of two signals is one of the most important operations in analog signal processing. The multiplier is used not only as a computational building block but also as a programming element in systems such as filters, neural networks, and as mixers and modulators in a commu...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. 2, Analog and digital signal processing Vol. 45; no. 12; pp. 1550 - 1563
Main Authors:	Gunhee Han, Sanchez-Sinencio, E.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY IEEE 01.12.1998 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Subjects:	Applied sciences Bipolar transistor circuits Circuit synthesis Communication systems Computer networks Electronics Exact sciences and technology Filters Integrated circuits Integrated circuits by function (including memories and processors) Modulation coding Neural networks Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices Signal processing Transconductance Tutorial Circuit architecture Polynomial function Low voltage Low noise circuit Circuit design Complementary MOS technology Integrated circuit Multiplier Implementation Transconductance Bipolar transistor
ISSN:	1057-7130
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Abstract	Real time analog multiplication of two signals is one of the most important operations in analog signal processing. The multiplier is used not only as a computational building block but also as a programming element in systems such as filters, neural networks, and as mixers and modulators in a communication system. Although high performance bipolar junction transistor multipliers have been available for some time, the CMOS multiplier implementation is still a challenging subject especially for low-voltage and low-power circuit design. Despite the large number of papers proposing new CMOS multiplier structures, they can be roughly grouped into a few categories. This tutorial provides a complete survey of CMOS multipliers, presents a unified generation of multiplier architectures, and proposes the most recommended MOS multiplier structure. This tutorial could serve as a starting reference point (and metric) for comparison of new CMOS multiplier circuit configurations. An illustrative CMOS chip prototype verifying theoretical results is presented.
AbstractList	Real-time analog multiplication of two signals is one of the most important operations in analog signal processing. The multiplier is used not only as a computational building block but also as a programming element in systems such as filters, neural networks, and as mixers and modulators in a communication system. Although high performance bipolar junction transistor multipliers have been available for some time, the CMOS multiplier implementation is still a challenging subject especially for low-voltage and low-power circuit design. Despite the large number of papers proposing new MOS multiplier structures, they can be roughly grouped into a few categories. This tutorial provide a complete survey of CMOS multipliers, presents a unified generation of multiplier architectures, and proposes the most recommended MOS multiplier structure. This tutorial could serve as a starting reference point (and metric) for comparison of new CMOS multiplier circuit configurations. An illustrative CMOS chip prototype verifying theoretical results is presented. Real time analog multiplication of two signals is one of the most important operations in analog signal processing. The multiplier is used not only as a computational building block but also as a programming element in systems such as filters, neural networks, and as mixers and modulators in a communication system. Although high performance bipolar junction transistor multipliers have been available for some time, the CMOS multiplier implementation is still a challenging subject especially for low-voltage and low-power circuit design. Despite the large number of papers proposing new CMOS multiplier structures, they can be roughly grouped into a few categories. This tutorial provides a complete survey of CMOS multipliers, presents a unified generation of multiplier architectures, and proposes the most recommended MOS multiplier structure. This tutorial could serve as a starting reference point (and metric) for comparison of new CMOS multiplier circuit configurations. An illustrative CMOS chip prototype verifying theoretical results is presented.
Author	Sanchez-Sinencio, E. Gunhee Han
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SubjectTerms	Applied sciences Bipolar transistor circuits Circuit synthesis Communication systems Computer networks Electronics Exact sciences and technology Filters Integrated circuits Integrated circuits by function (including memories and processors) Modulation coding Neural networks Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices Signal processing Transconductance Tutorial
Title	CMOS transconductance multipliers: a tutorial
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