Genetic nature of eastern wolves: Past, present and future
Eastern North American wolves have long been recognized as morphologically distinct from both coyotes and gray wolves. This has led to questions regarding their origins and taxonomic status. Eastern wolves are mainly viewed as: (1) a smaller subspecies of gray wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), potentially...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Conservation genetics Jg. 7; H. 2; S. 273 - 287 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht
Springer Nature B.V
01.04.2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1566-0621, 1572-9737 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Eastern North American wolves have long been recognized as morphologically distinct from both coyotes and gray wolves. This has led to questions regarding their origins and taxonomic status. Eastern wolves are mainly viewed as: (1) a smaller subspecies of gray wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), potentially the result of historical hybridization between gray wolves (C. lupus) and red wolves (C. rufus), (2) a hybrid, the result of gray wolf (C. lupus) and coyote (C. latrans) interbreeding, or (3) a distinct species, C. lycaon, closely related to the red wolf (C. rufus). Although debate persists, recent molecular studies suggest that the eastern wolf is not a gray wolf subspecies, nor the result of gray wolf/coyote hybridization. Eastern wolves were more likely a distinct species, C. lycaon, prior to the eastward spread of coyotes in the late 1800s. However, contemporary interbreeding exits between C. lycaon to both C. lupus and C. latrans over much of its present range complicating its present taxonomic characterization. While hybridization may be reducing the taxonomic distinctiveness of C. lycaon, it should not necessarily be viewed as negative influence. Hybridization may be enhancing the adaptive potential of eastern wolves, allowing them to more effectively exploit available resources in rapidly changing environments.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Eastern North American wolves have long been recognized as morphologically distinct from both coyotes and gray wolves. This has led to questions regarding their origins and taxonomic status. Eastern wolves are mainly viewed as: (1) a smaller subspecies of gray wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), potentially the result of historical hybridization between gray wolves (C. lupus) and red wolves (C. rufus), (2) a hybrid, the result of gray wolf (C. lupus) and coyote (C. latrans) interbreeding, or (3) a distinct species, C. lycaon, closely related to the red wolf (C. rufus). Although debate persists, recent molecular studies suggest that the eastern wolf is not a gray wolf subspecies, nor the result of gray wolf/coyote hybridization. Eastern wolves were more likely a distinct species, C. lycaon, prior to the eastward spread of coyotes in the late 1800s. However, contemporary interbreeding exits between C. lycaon to both C. lupus and C. latrans over much of its present range complicating its present taxonomic characterization. While hybridization may be reducing the taxonomic distinctiveness of C. lycaon, it should not necessarily be viewed as negative influence. Hybridization may be enhancing the adaptive potential of eastern wolves, allowing them to more effectively exploit available resources in rapidly changing environments. Eastern North American wolves have long been recognized as morphologically distinct from both coyotes and gray wolves. This has led to questions regarding their origins and taxonomic status. Eastern wolves are mainly viewed as: (1) a smaller subspecies of gray wolf (Canis lupus lycaon), potentially the result of historical hybridization between gray wolves (C. lupus) and red wolves (C. rufus), (2) a hybrid, the result of gray wolf (C. lupus) and coyote (C. latrans) interbreeding, or (3) a distinct species, C. lycaon, closely related to the red wolf (C. rufus). Although debate persists, recent molecular studies suggest that the eastern wolf is not a gray wolf subspecies, nor the result of gray wolf/coyote hybridization. Eastern wolves were more likely a distinct species, C. lycaon, prior to the eastward spread of coyotes in the late 1800s. However, contemporary interbreeding exits between C. lycaon to both C. lupus and C. latrans over much of its present range complicating its present taxonomic characterization. While hybridization may be reducing the taxonomic distinctiveness of C. lycaon, it should not necessarily be viewed as negative influence. Hybridization may be enhancing the adaptive potential of eastern wolves, allowing them to more effectively exploit available resources in rapidly changing environments.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Kyle, C.J. Johnson, A.R. Patterson, B.R. Shami, K. Wilson, P.J. Grewal, S.K. White, B.N. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: C.J. surname: Kyle fullname: Kyle, C.J. – sequence: 2 givenname: A.R. surname: Johnson fullname: Johnson, A.R. – sequence: 3 givenname: B.R. surname: Patterson fullname: Patterson, B.R. – sequence: 4 givenname: P.J. surname: Wilson fullname: Wilson, P.J. – sequence: 5 givenname: K. surname: Shami fullname: Shami, K. – sequence: 6 givenname: S.K. surname: Grewal fullname: Grewal, S.K. – sequence: 7 givenname: B.N. surname: White fullname: White, B.N. |
| BookMark | eNp9kE1LAzEQhoNUsK3-AG-LB09GJ5sm2fQmxS8o6EHPIc3OwpZtUpOs4r93l3rqwdPMwPO-DM-MTHzwSMglg1sGoO4SA6FLCiCpZhwonJApE6qkWnE1GXcpKciSnZFZSlsAJkvFpmT5hB5z6wpvcx-xCE2BNmWMvvgO3RemZfE23DfFPmJCnwvr66LpR_acnDa2S3jxN-fk4_HhffVM169PL6v7NXUceKbcCVEuKqEXFcpNjQqhUo6XzcaxWlpwtVS8Eax01cJVqnFWMlWJjdC1EAKAz8n1oXcfw2ePKZtdmxx2nfUY-mSY5lqooWROro7AbeijH34zSnC9AC35AKkD5GJIKWJjXJttboPP0badYWBGoeYg1AxCzSjUjH-wo-Q-tjsbf_7J_AJZ13hV |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2009_04176_x crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_12045 crossref_primary_10_1093_molbev_msad055 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2008_03919_x crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1439_0469_2009_00545_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s10592_015_0784_3 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2007_03270_x crossref_primary_10_1080_24701394_2017_1404041 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes9120606 crossref_primary_10_1126_science_325_33 crossref_primary_10_1139_Z09_129 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00442_013_2730_8 crossref_primary_10_1111_syen_12079 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_landurbplan_2016_01_006 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2007_03381_x crossref_primary_10_1093_jhered_esae013 crossref_primary_10_1093_jhered_esp034 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2021_109062 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0003333 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2013_09_004 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_13642 crossref_primary_10_1101_gr_116301_110 crossref_primary_10_1139_Z10_021 crossref_primary_10_1002_eap_1499 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2010_04818_x crossref_primary_10_1890_13_0698_1 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_3950 crossref_primary_10_1644_09_MAMM_A_036_1 crossref_primary_10_1093_jmammal_gyad012 crossref_primary_10_1139_Z08_068 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00265_016_2241_9 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_4966 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0088861 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_01883 crossref_primary_10_1890_07_0298_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10592_007_9307_1 crossref_primary_10_1656_058_009_0315 crossref_primary_10_1093_jhered_esx004 crossref_primary_10_1093_jhered_esw002 crossref_primary_10_2193_2008_583 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10592_006_9269_8 crossref_primary_10_1093_jhered_esy020 crossref_primary_10_1111_ddi_12543 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_693 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_335 crossref_primary_10_1111_oik_01824 crossref_primary_10_1139_Z08_136 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10592_006_9280_0 crossref_primary_10_1656_045_018_0409 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_61 crossref_primary_10_1644_10_MAMM_A_223_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani3030722 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2011_05084_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2015_01_013 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2010_04819_x crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0167603 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tree_2017_12_008 crossref_primary_10_1111_mec_12570 crossref_primary_10_1139_cjz_2013_0160 crossref_primary_10_1656_045_018_0302 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2010_04_024 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1365_294X_2009_04431_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s10592_010_0068_x crossref_primary_10_1139_z11_097 crossref_primary_10_1656_045_017_0203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biocon_2007_12_010 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10592_009_9957_2 crossref_primary_10_1656_045_017_0202 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1999.00217.x 10.1038/scientificamerican0795-36 10.5558/tfc80705-6 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90057-4 10.1080/10635150252899752 10.2307/1378689 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01579.x 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97286.x 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02244.x 10.3138/9781487578213 10.5962/p.358094 10.1139/z02-066 10.1093/genetics/164.2.747 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01876-0 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10051413.x 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00514.x 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:1<47::AID-ZOO7>3.0.CO;2-B 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020376.x 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60193-X 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025858 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01895.x 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02003.x 10.2307/3802344 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0625:AGAOTE>2.0.CO;2 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02389.x 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb05270.x 10.1139/z00-158 10.1038/351565a0 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0095:TOSOWI]2.0.CO;2 10.5962/bhl.title.4072 10.2307/1381838 10.1139/z85-171 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06040593.x 10.1139/z03-059 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96296.x 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06040559.x 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0071 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1935.tb01687.x 10.1139/z99-177 10.5962/p.354810 10.1007/BF00173944 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7SN 7SS 7X7 7XB 88A 8FD 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI C1K CCPQU DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M7P P64 PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS RC3 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10592-006-9130-0 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Biology Database (Alumni Edition) Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection Proquest Central Natural Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Biological Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Biological Science Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Genetics Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef ProQuest Central Student Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection Ecology Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Entomology Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Genetics Abstracts ProQuest Central Student |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: BENPR name: Proquest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology Ecology |
| EISSN | 1572-9737 |
| EndPage | 287 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2145926051 10_1007_s10592_006_9130_0 |
| Genre | Feature |
| GroupedDBID | -Y2 -~C .86 .VR 06C 06D 0R~ 0VY 199 1N0 1SB 203 29F 29~ 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2P1 2VQ 2~H 30V 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 53G 5GY 5VS 67N 67Z 6NX 78A 7X7 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8TC 8UJ 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABHQ AACDK AAHBH AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANXM AANZL AAPKM AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYXX ABAKF ABBBX ABBRH ABBXA ABDBE ABDZT ABECU ABFSG ABFTV ABHLI ABHQN ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABKTR ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABPLI ABQBU ABQSL ABRTQ ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABWNU ABXPI ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFS ACHSB ACHXU ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACOMO ACPIV ACPRK ACSNA ACSTC ACZOJ ADBBV ADHHG ADHIR ADHKG ADKNI ADKPE ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADZKW AEBTG AEFQL AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AENEX AEOHA AEPYU AETLH AEUYN AEVLU AEXYK AEZWR AFBBN AFDZB AFFHD AFGCZ AFHIU AFKRA AFLOW AFOHR AFQWF AFRAH AFWTZ AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGQPQ AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAVH AHBYD AHKAY AHMBA AHPBZ AHSBF AHWEU AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AIXLP AJBLW AJRNO AJZVZ AKMHD ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALWAN AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG ARMRJ ASPBG ATHPR AVWKF AXYYD AYFIA AZFZN B-. BA0 BANNL BBNVY BDATZ BENPR BGNMA BHPHI BPHCQ BSONS BVXVI CAG CCPQU CITATION COF CS3 CSCUP DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPUIP DU5 EBD EBLON EBS EDH EIOEI EJD EN4 ESBYG F5P FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC FYUFA G-Y G-Z GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNWQR GQ7 GQ8 GXS H13 HCIFZ HF~ HG5 HG6 HMCUK HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I09 IHE IJ- IKXTQ ITM IWAJR IXC IXE IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JBSCW JCJTX JZLTJ KDC KOV KPH LAK LK8 LLZTM M4Y M7P MA- N2Q NB0 NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9- O93 O9I O9J OAM OVD P2P PF0 PHGZM PHGZT PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PT4 Q2X QOR QOS R89 R9I RNI RNS ROL RPX RSV RZC RZE S16 S1Z S27 S3A S3B SAP SBL SDH SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW SSXJD STPWE SZN T13 TEORI TSG TSK TSV TUC U2A U9L UG4 UKHRP UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W23 W48 WJK WK8 XSW YLTOR Z45 ZMTXR ZOVNA ~A9 ~KM 3V. 7SN 7SS 7XB 88A 8FD 8FK AZQEC C1K DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ K9. P64 PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQUKI PRINS RC3 AAYZH AESKC |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-3c552485948e6bde7e087c32fbc1d6a0cd673f512c84c87fca61785b59d555003 |
| IEDL.DBID | M7P |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 86 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000238026300010&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1566-0621 |
| IngestDate | Tue Oct 07 09:39:26 EDT 2025 Wed Nov 26 13:12:50 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 04:44:19 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:54:56 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Language | English |
| License | http://www.springer.com/tdm |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c303t-3c552485948e6bde7e087c32fbc1d6a0cd673f512c84c87fca61785b59d555003 |
| Notes | SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PQID | 753940963 |
| PQPubID | 55377 |
| PageCount | 15 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_19395767 proquest_journals_753940963 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s10592_006_9130_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10592_006_9130_0 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2006-4-00 20060401 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2006-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2006 text: 2006-4-00 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | Dordrecht |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Dordrecht |
| PublicationTitle | Conservation genetics |
| PublicationYear | 2006 |
| Publisher | Springer Nature B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Springer Nature B.V |
| References | DE Reich (9130_CR49) 1999; 8 AW Franzmann (9130_CR13) 1997 C Moritz (9130_CR34) 1994; 9 9130_CR27 H Silver (9130_CR55) 1969; 17 PJ Wilson (9130_CR66) 2000; 78 JB Theberge (9130_CR57) 1991; 105 JA Leonard (9130_CR26) 2005; 14 M Bekoff (9130_CR4) 1986; 16 N Lehman (9130_CR24) 1991; 45 9130_CR65 C Moritz (9130_CR36) 2002; 51 RM Nowak (9130_CR39) 1992; 6 DK Sharma (9130_CR54) 2004; 271 RL Peterson (9130_CR44) 1955 KL Pilgrim (9130_CR46) 1998; 62 C Moritz (9130_CR35) 1999; 130 MS Roy (9130_CR51) 1996; 10 GB Kolenosky (9130_CR22) 1971; 52 RM Nowak (9130_CR40) 1995 RL Peterson (9130_CR45) 1966 9130_CR53 N Lehman (9130_CR25) 1992; 30 LN Carbyn (9130_CR8) 1982; 96 9130_CR17 G Bertorelle (9130_CR5) 1998; 15 9130_CR10 SR Grewal (9130_CR18) 2004; 85 NWS Quinn (9130_CR48) 2004; 80 PW Hedrick (9130_CR21) 2002; 11 PJ Wilson (9130_CR67) 2003; 81 G Parker (9130_CR43) 1995 RK Wayne (9130_CR63) 2003 OJ Schmitz (9130_CR52) 1985; 63 GJ Forbes (9130_CR11) 1995 RK Wayne (9130_CR64) 1991; 351 J Garcia-Moreno (9130_CR14) 1996; 10 CR Miller (9130_CR32) 2003; 12 WM Arjo (9130_CR2) 1999; 77 JR Adams (9130_CR1) 2003; 12 9130_CR6 RE Hall (9130_CR19) 1959 9130_CR7 RM Nowak (9130_CR42) 2003 RW Graham (9130_CR16) 1994 J Wang (9130_CR60) 2003; 164 9130_CR3 PS Soltis (9130_CR56) 1999; 13 RK Wayne (9130_CR59) 1995; 273 MS Roy (9130_CR50) 1994; 11 9130_CR31 GB Kolenosky (9130_CR23) 1975 RK Wayne (9130_CR62) 1992; 6 SP Young (9130_CR68) 1944 9130_CR38 RK Wayne (9130_CR61) 1992 9130_CR37 LD Mech (9130_CR28) 1970 E Geffen (9130_CR15) 2004; 13 LD Mech (9130_CR30) 2002; 80 RL Pockock (9130_CR47) 1935; 3 RM Nowak (9130_CR41) 2002; 1 JM Thurber (9130_CR58) 1991; 72 PW Hedrick (9130_CR20) 1997; 16 KA Crandall (9130_CR9) 2000; 15 9130_CR29 GC Moore (9130_CR33) 1992 SH Forbes (9130_CR12) 1997; 11 |
| References_xml | – volume: 130 start-page: 217 year: 1999 ident: 9130_CR35 publication-title: Hereditas doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1999.00217.x – volume-title: The Mammals of North America, Vol. 2 year: 1959 ident: 9130_CR19 – volume: 273 start-page: 36 year: 1995 ident: 9130_CR59 publication-title: Sci. Am. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0795-36 – start-page: 62 volume-title: The Wild Canids: Their Systematics, Behavioural Ecology and Evolution year: 1975 ident: 9130_CR23 – volume: 80 start-page: 705 year: 2004 ident: 9130_CR48 publication-title: Forest. Chron. doi: 10.5558/tfc80705-6 – volume: 11 start-page: 553 year: 1994 ident: 9130_CR50 publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. – volume: 9 start-page: 373 year: 1994 ident: 9130_CR34 publication-title: Trends Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90057-4 – volume: 51 start-page: 238 year: 2002 ident: 9130_CR36 publication-title: Syst. Biol. doi: 10.1080/10635150252899752 – volume: 52 start-page: 446 year: 1971 ident: 9130_CR22 publication-title: J. Mammal. doi: 10.2307/1378689 – volume: 11 start-page: 1905 year: 2002 ident: 9130_CR21 publication-title: Mol. Ecol. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01579.x – start-page: 239 volume-title: Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation year: 2003 ident: 9130_CR42 – ident: 9130_CR31 – volume: 13 start-page: 471 year: 1999 ident: 9130_CR56 publication-title: Conserv. Biol. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97286.x – ident: 9130_CR7 – volume-title: The Mammals of Eastern Canada year: 1966 ident: 9130_CR45 – start-page: 9 volume-title: Ecology and Management of the Eastern Coyote year: 1992 ident: 9130_CR61 – volume: 13 start-page: 2481 year: 2004 ident: 9130_CR15 publication-title: Mol. Ecol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02244.x – volume-title: Ecology and Management of the North American Moose year: 1997 ident: 9130_CR13 – ident: 9130_CR29 – start-page: 303 volume-title: Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World year: 1995 ident: 9130_CR11 – volume-title: North American Moose year: 1955 ident: 9130_CR44 doi: 10.3138/9781487578213 – volume: 105 start-page: 459 year: 1991 ident: 9130_CR57 publication-title: Can. Field Nat. doi: 10.5962/p.358094 – volume: 80 start-page: 961 year: 2002 ident: 9130_CR30 publication-title: Can. J. Zool. doi: 10.1139/z02-066 – volume: 164 start-page: 747 year: 2003 ident: 9130_CR60 publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1093/genetics/164.2.747 – volume: 15 start-page: 290 year: 2000 ident: 9130_CR9 publication-title: Trends Ecol. Evol. doi: 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01876-0 – volume: 10 start-page: 1413 year: 1996 ident: 9130_CR51 publication-title: Conserv. Biol. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10051413.x – volume: 8 start-page: 139 year: 1999 ident: 9130_CR49 publication-title: Mol. Ecol. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00514.x – start-page: 218 volume-title: Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation year: 2003 ident: 9130_CR63 – volume: 16 start-page: 47 year: 1997 ident: 9130_CR20 publication-title: Zool. Biol. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1997)16:1<47::AID-ZOO7>3.0.CO;2-B – volume: 10 start-page: 376 year: 1996 ident: 9130_CR14 publication-title: Conserv. Biol. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020376.x – volume: 16 start-page: 251 year: 1986 ident: 9130_CR4 publication-title: Adv. Stud. Behav. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60193-X – ident: 9130_CR53 – volume: 15 start-page: 1298 year: 1998 ident: 9130_CR5 publication-title: Mol. Biol. Evol. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025858 – ident: 9130_CR6 – volume: 12 start-page: 2175 year: 2003 ident: 9130_CR1 publication-title: Mol. Ecol. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01895.x – volume: 17 start-page: 1 year: 1969 ident: 9130_CR55 publication-title: Wildlife Monogr. – volume: 12 start-page: 3287 year: 2003 ident: 9130_CR32 publication-title: Mol. Ecol. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.02003.x – volume: 62 start-page: 683 year: 1998 ident: 9130_CR46 publication-title: J. Wildl. Manag. doi: 10.2307/3802344 – volume: 85 start-page: 625 year: 2004 ident: 9130_CR18 publication-title: J. Mammal. doi: 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0625:AGAOTE>2.0.CO;2 – volume: 14 start-page: 9 year: 2005 ident: 9130_CR26 publication-title: Mol. Ecol. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02389.x – volume: 45 start-page: 104 year: 1991 ident: 9130_CR24 publication-title: Evolution doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb05270.x – volume: 78 start-page: 2156 year: 2000 ident: 9130_CR66 publication-title: Can. J. Zool. doi: 10.1139/z00-158 – volume: 351 start-page: 565 year: 1991 ident: 9130_CR64 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/351565a0 – volume: 1 start-page: 95 year: 2002 ident: 9130_CR41 publication-title: Southeastern Nat. doi: 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0095:TOSOWI]2.0.CO;2 – ident: 9130_CR37 doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.4072 – start-page: 375 volume-title: Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World: Proceedings of the Second North American Symposium of Wolves year: 1995 ident: 9130_CR40 – volume-title: Eastern Coyote: The Story of its Success year: 1995 ident: 9130_CR43 – ident: 9130_CR10 – volume: 72 start-page: 750 year: 1991 ident: 9130_CR58 publication-title: J. Mammal. doi: 10.2307/1381838 – volume: 63 start-page: 1130 year: 1985 ident: 9130_CR52 publication-title: Can. J. Zool. doi: 10.1139/z85-171 – volume: 6 start-page: 593 year: 1992 ident: 9130_CR39 publication-title: Conserv. Biol. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06040593.x – volume: 81 start-page: 936 year: 2003 ident: 9130_CR67 publication-title: Can. J. Zool. doi: 10.1139/z03-059 – volume: 11 start-page: 1226 year: 1997 ident: 9130_CR12 publication-title: Conserv. Biol. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96296.x – volume: 6 start-page: 559 year: 1992 ident: 9130_CR62 publication-title: Conserv. Biol. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06040559.x – start-page: 690 volume-title: FAUNMAP: A Database Documenting Late Quaternary Distributions of Mammal Species in the United States year: 1994 ident: 9130_CR16 – volume-title: The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species year: 1970 ident: 9130_CR28 – volume: 271 start-page: S1 year: 2004 ident: 9130_CR54 publication-title: Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B (Suppl.) doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2003.0071 – ident: 9130_CR27 – ident: 9130_CR38 – ident: 9130_CR65 – volume: 3 start-page: 647 year: 1935 ident: 9130_CR47 publication-title: Proc. Zool. Soc. London doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1935.tb01687.x – start-page: 23 volume-title: Ecology and Management of the Eastern Coyote year: 1992 ident: 9130_CR33 – volume: 77 start-page: 1919 year: 1999 ident: 9130_CR2 publication-title: Can. J. Zool. doi: 10.1139/z99-177 – volume: 96 start-page: 176 year: 1982 ident: 9130_CR8 publication-title: Can. Field Nat. doi: 10.5962/p.354810 – ident: 9130_CR3 – ident: 9130_CR17 – volume: 30 start-page: 83 year: 1992 ident: 9130_CR25 publication-title: Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. doi: 10.1007/BF00173944 – volume-title: The Wolves of North America, Part I year: 1944 ident: 9130_CR68 |
| SSID | ssj0016271 |
| Score | 2.0613098 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Eastern North American wolves have long been recognized as morphologically distinct from both coyotes and gray wolves. This has led to questions regarding... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 273 |
| SubjectTerms | Animal behavior Canis lupus lycaon Environmental changes Hybridization Lupus Lycaon Wolves |
| Title | Genetic nature of eastern wolves: Past, present and future |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/753940963 https://www.proquest.com/docview/19395767 |
| Volume | 7 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000238026300010&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1572-9737 dateEnd: 20171231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0016271 issn: 1566-0621 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 20000101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1572-9737 dateEnd: 20171231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0016271 issn: 1566-0621 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20000101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Proquest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1572-9737 dateEnd: 20171231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0016271 issn: 1566-0621 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20000101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLINK Contemporary 1997-Present customDbUrl: eissn: 1572-9737 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0016271 issn: 1566-0621 databaseCode: RSV dateStart: 20000301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://link.springer.com/search?facet-content-type=%22Journal%22 providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NS8MwFH_oVPDitzinMwdPYjDrV9JdRGXiQUaZH-xW2jQBQdq5zsn-e1-aruLFi5fS0qSUR_I-8t77_QDO0eYGUktN3SSQ1OMsNHowowlLpaPQwdcVkPbrIx8OxXgcRnVtTlmXVS51YqWos0KaM_IrdKtDjEUC93ryQQ1plEmu1gwaq7BmQBLcqnIvapIIgWPjLfRYKAuc3jKpaTvnfFN2ieF0iFqcst9m6bdWrkzN_fY_f3IHtmofk9zYRbELKyrfgw3LOrnAu0GFVL3Yh74BncZBxMJ7kkITQ-Wjpjn5Kt7nquyTCJ8vycQ2KZEkz4hFITmAl_vB890DrckUqEQrNaOu9H0DXxZ6QgVpprhigkvX0ansZUHCZBZwV6P5l8KTgmuZmOZBP_XDzMcohrmH0MqLXB0BSTWaNK1YKrjwHJYInajQl5nHUvywcNrAlrKMZY00bggv3uMfjGQj_tjU1Bnxx6wNF82UiYXZ-GtwZyn9uN5xZdyIvg1nzVvcKib_keSq-Cxj9FVDDK_48Z_zO7Bpj1lMdc4JtGbTT3UK63I-eyunXVjlY96FtdvBMBp1q_WG19HT6zcqQdmG |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3fT9swED4VBoKXDcYQHRv4AV7QLNz8slNpmhBrBaJUPMDUtyxxbGkSSkpTQP2j-B93FzdFvPDGA2-JYluK73TfnX33HcABYm6krbbcTyPNAylisoM5T0WmPYMOvq2JtP8M5HCoRqP4qgVPTS0MpVU2NrE21Hmp6Yz8GN3qGGORyP81vuPUNIouV5sOGk4rLszsESO26uf5bxTvoef1e9enZ3zeVIBrtNZT7uswJBqvOFAmynIjjVBS-57NdCePUqHzSPoWYVCrQCtpdUpFdGEWxnmI3rzwcd0l-IBmXFIGmRwt4rtO5Ln4Dj0kLiKv01yiukq9kNI8MXyPETW4eAmDL1Gghrb-p3e2KRvwce5DsxOn9JvQMsVnWHVdNWf41KuZuGdb0CVSbRzEHH0pKy2jVkVmUrDH8vbBVF12he8_2NgVYbG0yJljWfkCN2_yC9uwXJSF2QGWWYRsa0SmpAo8kSqbmjjUeSAyXFh5bRCN7BI9Z1Knhh63yTMHNIk7oZxBEnci2nC0mDJ2NCKvDd5tpJ3MLUqVLETdhv3FVzQFdL-TFqa8rxL0xWMMH-XXV-fvw9rZ9eUgGZwPL3Zh3R0pUSbSN1ieTu7Nd1jRD9N_1WSv1m4Gf99ac_4DPnkxiA |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1LT-MwEB5BgdVeeCygLU8f4LLCqsnDdpAQQkAFAqoeWMQtJI4tIaGk27Sg_jT-HeM46YoLNw7cEsW2lIwz34xn5huAPcRcrowy1E-4ooFgkdWDGU1YqjyNBr6piLTvb0SvJx8eov4MvDW1MDatstGJlaLOCmXPyDtoVkfoi3C_Y-qsiP5592Twj9oGUjbQ2nTTcDvkWk9e0Xsrj6_OUdT7nte9uDu7pHWDAapQc4-or8LQUnpFgdQ8zbTQTArleyZVhxlPmMq48A1CopKBksKoxBbUhWkYZSFa9szHdWdhTgS80gm3oj8NYHDP-XpoLVHGvcMmoOqq9kKb8omufIQIQtlHSPyICBXMdZe-8QdahsXatian7mdYgRmd_4IF121zglcXFUP3ZBWOLNk2DiKO1pQUhtgWRnqYk9fi-UWXR6SP9wdk4IqzSJJnxLGvrMHfL3mFdWjlRa5_A0kNQrnRLJVCBh5LpEl0FKosYCkuLL02sEaOsaoZ1m2jj-f4Pze0FX1scwmt6GPWhj_TKQNHL_LZ4M1G8nGtacp4KvY27E6fooqwcZ8k18W4jNFGj9CtFBufzt-FH7hh4pur3vUm_HQnTTZBaQtao-FYb8O8ehk9lcOdaqMTePzqjfMOYqQ6Vw |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genetic+nature+of+eastern+wolves%3A+Past%2C+present+and+future&rft.jtitle=Conservation+genetics&rft.au=Kyle%2C+C.J.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A.R.&rft.au=Patterson%2C+B.R.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+P.J.&rft.date=2006-04-01&rft.issn=1566-0621&rft.eissn=1572-9737&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=273&rft.epage=287&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10592-006-9130-0&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s10592_006_9130_0 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1566-0621&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1566-0621&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1566-0621&client=summon |