Language impact on productivity for industrial end users: A case study from Programmable Logic Controllers
Industrial workplaces increasingly require end-users to create programs for embedded systems, but little expert scrutiny has been devoted to studying this domain. As a result, industrial end-user programmers may rely on programming languages and development environments that do not necessarily follo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of computer languages (Online) Jg. 69; S. 101087 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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01.04.2022
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| ISSN: | 2590-1184, 2590-1184 |
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| Abstract | Industrial workplaces increasingly require end-users to create programs for embedded systems, but little expert scrutiny has been devoted to studying this domain. As a result, industrial end-user programmers may rely on programming languages and development environments that do not necessarily follow the state-of-the-art of software engineering. Consider Ladder Logic, the most popular language used to program the most widely deployed type of industrial hardware, programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Ladder Logic’s fundamental design is based on electric relay circuits that have long since disappeared from practice. Does Ladder Logic inhibit the productivity of end-user programmers, slowing progress in industrial settings like manufacturing sites and scientific labs where it is widely used? To better understand the usage of domain-specific languages in industrial practices, we conducted a survey with 175 technical employees from an international engineering conglomerate. This survey introduced participants to Ladder Logic and asked them questions that all programmers, including novices, should answer with ease. Nearly 70% failed, including those with previous Ladder Logic experience. We combined end-user performance with answers in an open-ended question, where many employees complained about the programming language. The breadth and depth of these struggles suggest that outdated languages, which industrial end users must increasingly use, could dramatically impact productivity and that further studies on these industrial end user programmers be necessary to better support them in their increasingly complex workplaces. |
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| AbstractList | Industrial workplaces increasingly require end-users to create programs for embedded systems, but little expert scrutiny has been devoted to studying this domain. As a result, industrial end-user programmers may rely on programming languages and development environments that do not necessarily follow the state-of-the-art of software engineering. Consider Ladder Logic, the most popular language used to program the most widely deployed type of industrial hardware, programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Ladder Logic’s fundamental design is based on electric relay circuits that have long since disappeared from practice. Does Ladder Logic inhibit the productivity of end-user programmers, slowing progress in industrial settings like manufacturing sites and scientific labs where it is widely used? To better understand the usage of domain-specific languages in industrial practices, we conducted a survey with 175 technical employees from an international engineering conglomerate. This survey introduced participants to Ladder Logic and asked them questions that all programmers, including novices, should answer with ease. Nearly 70% failed, including those with previous Ladder Logic experience. We combined end-user performance with answers in an open-ended question, where many employees complained about the programming language. The breadth and depth of these struggles suggest that outdated languages, which industrial end users must increasingly use, could dramatically impact productivity and that further studies on these industrial end user programmers be necessary to better support them in their increasingly complex workplaces. |
| ArticleNumber | 101087 |
| Author | Shepherd, David Ritschel, Nico Jetley, Raoul Wiese, Igor Fronchetti, Felipe Li, Linxi Holmes, Reid Soto, Mauricio |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TII.2016.2604760 10.1145/2787622.2787712 10.1016/1045-926X(92)90034-J 10.1145/1089733.1089734 10.1007/BFb0054172 10.1109/ICODSE.2017.8285871 10.1109/IWSC.2017.7880506 10.1145/3017680.3017760 10.1007/978-3-642-38706-7_4 10.1145/1929887.1929902 10.1109/CITCON.1993.296983 10.1145/1922649.1922658 10.1109/SCAM.2017.12 10.1016/j.jvlc.2014.10.017 10.1016/j.jvlc.2015.01.002 10.1145/3017680.3017723 10.1145/3287324.3287412 10.1145/1999030.1999074 10.3390/app10010012 10.1109/INDIN.2007.4384753 10.1109/SEAA51224.2020.00036 10.1109/VLHCC.2005.70 10.1006/jvlc.1996.0009 10.1109/45.481370 10.1109/VLHCC.2009.5295242 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895913 10.1145/3417990.3420208 10.1145/3015455 10.1007/978-3-642-02806-9_12 10.1080/08993408.2019.1565233 10.1016/j.jss.2018.11.041 10.1145/1297105.1297073 10.1109/41.334578 10.1145/2858036.2858076 10.1145/1592761.1592779 10.1080/10447310802205776 |
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| Copyright | 2021 Elsevier Ltd |
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| Keywords | Visual languages Industrial end-user programming Ladder Logic Programmable Logic Controllers Software and its engineering |
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| Title | Language impact on productivity for industrial end users: A case study from Programmable Logic Controllers |
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