Accurate Modeling of Continuous-time SAT Solvers in SPICE

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in employing dynamical systems as solvers of NP-complete problems. In this paper, we present accurate implementations of two continuous-time dynamical solvers, known in the literature as analog SAT and digital memcomputing, using advanced numerical int...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Radioengineering Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 526 - 540
Main Authors: Pershin, Y. V., Nguyen, D. C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Spolecnost pro radioelektronicke inzenyrstvi 01.09.2025
Subjects:
3-sat
boolean satisfiability problem
computing technology
nonlinear dynamical systems
spice
ISSN:1210-2512
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract Recently, there has been an increasing interest in employing dynamical systems as solvers of NP-complete problems. In this paper, we present accurate implementations of two continuous-time dynamical solvers, known in the literature as analog SAT and digital memcomputing, using advanced numerical integration algorithms of SPICE circuit simulators. For this purpose, we have developed Python scripts that convert Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problems into electronic circuits representing the analog SAT and digital memcomputing dynamical systems. Our Python scripts process conjunctive normal form (CNF) files and create netlists that can be directly imported into LTspice. We explore the SPICE implementations of analog SAT and digital memcomputing solvers by applying these to a selected set of problems and present some interesting and potentially useful findings related to digital memcomputing and analog SAT. In this work, we also introduce networks of continuous-time solvers with potential applications extending beyond the solution of Boolean satisfiability problems.
AbstractList Recently, there has been an increasing interest in employing dynamical systems as solvers of NP-complete problems. In this paper, we present accurate implementations of two continuous-time dynamical solvers, known in the literature as analog SAT and digital memcomputing, using advanced numerical integration algorithms of SPICE circuit simulators. For this purpose, we have developed Python scripts that convert Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problems into electronic circuits representing the analog SAT and digital memcomputing dynamical systems. Our Python scripts process conjunctive normal form (CNF) files and create netlists that can be directly imported into LTspice. We explore the SPICE implementations of analog SAT and digital memcomputing solvers by applying these to a selected set of problems and present some interesting and potentially useful findings related to digital memcomputing and analog SAT. In this work, we also introduce networks of continuous-time solvers with potential applications extending beyond the solution of Boolean satisfiability problems.
Author Nguyen, D. C.
Pershin, Y. V.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Y. V.
  surname: Pershin
  fullname: Pershin, Y. V.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: D. C.
  surname: Nguyen
  fullname: Nguyen, D. C.
BookMark eNo90M9PwjAYxvEeMBHQo_f9A8O-_bkdyYJKgtEEPDdd-5aUjNV0w8T_XgHj6Umew-fwnZFJn3ok5AHoAjgo8ZhxwSiTCyqZmpApMKAlk8BuyWwYDpQqYJJOSb107pTtiMVr8tjFfl-kUDSpH2N_SqehHOMRi-1yV2xT94V5KGJfbN_XzeqO3ATbDXj_t3Py8bTaNS_l5u153Sw3peOUjqVVwtcVaq6VFxY0d0Kj9kCV9hQrj86j5Q5AgddtG6rWhRCkqjlYTkXF52R9dX2yB_OZ49Hmb5NsNJcj5b2xeYyuQxMk89xhzSSjonasRS-Ch1pIAZVi-tcqr5bLaRgyhn8PqLl0MxnNuZs5d-M_U75ifQ
ContentType Journal Article
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOA
DOI 10.13164/re.2025.0526
DatabaseName CrossRef
Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EndPage 540
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_f52d3ce9252049c2bed4fd1945418627
10_13164_re_2025_0526
GroupedDBID .4S
.DC
123
29P
2WC
53G
AAYXX
ADBBV
ADMLS
AENEX
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ARCSS
BCNDV
C1A
CITATION
E3Z
EBS
EDO
EOJEC
GROUPED_DOAJ
IPNFZ
ITG
ITH
KQ8
MK~
OBODZ
OK1
OVT
RIG
RNS
TUS
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c300t-a64d98e7376d4a173c47e7d1067d0e8decdea3c1161d7bbf8bcfff56931a30483
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 0
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001548996300002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1210-2512
IngestDate Mon Oct 13 19:20:56 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:37:36 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c300t-a64d98e7376d4a173c47e7d1067d0e8decdea3c1161d7bbf8bcfff56931a30483
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/f52d3ce9252049c2bed4fd1945418627
PageCount 15
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_f52d3ce9252049c2bed4fd1945418627
crossref_primary_10_13164_re_2025_0526
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-09-00
2025-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-09-00
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Radioengineering
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Spolecnost pro radioelektronicke inzenyrstvi
Publisher_xml – name: Spolecnost pro radioelektronicke inzenyrstvi
SSID ssj0061250
Score 2.3606796
Snippet Recently, there has been an increasing interest in employing dynamical systems as solvers of NP-complete problems. In this paper, we present accurate...
SourceID doaj
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Index Database
StartPage 526
SubjectTerms 3-sat
boolean satisfiability problem
computing technology
nonlinear dynamical systems
spice
Title Accurate Modeling of Continuous-time SAT Solvers in SPICE
URI https://doaj.org/article/f52d3ce9252049c2bed4fd1945418627
Volume 34
WOSCitedRecordID wos001548996300002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  issn: 1210-2512
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 19920101
  customDbUrl:
  isFulltext: true
  dateEnd: 99991231
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0061250
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrZ1LS8NAEMcXKR70ID6xvtiDeFubZDf7OFZpUZBSaJXewmZnF3pJpQ8_vztJKvXkxWsIYfnPbmYmmfkNIfep1JKXJmcQwLC4QyQzIi-ZSoMMIfcq1J-yP97UaKRnMzPeGfWFNWENHrgRrhfyDLjzJsuzGMy6rPQgAsTUOxdpjMbrPvJEmW0y1byD0W3XrZAxoWHowVu6Jo_JQW-JdMwsf0TSyS9vtAPtr73L8JgctWEh7TfLOSF7vjolhzuwwDNi-s5tEOxAcX4ZdpHTRaBIl5pXm5i_MxwTTyf9KZ0ssNx5RecVnYxfnwfn5H04mD6_sHbwAXM8SdbMSgFGexUPPwibKu6E8gqQ9gaJ1-AdeMtdGqM1UGUZdOlCFFYanlqOjPgL0qkWlb8klNvMWnTyILRwWlupVAIQg6ZMSO7TLnnYClB8NnyLov7JFZUqlr5ApQpUqkueUJ6fmxBLXV-IxipaYxV_GevqPx5yTQ5wVU2h1w3prJcbf0v23dd6vlre1fvgGylXspA
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Accurate+Modeling+of+Continuous-time+SAT+Solvers+in+SPICE&rft.jtitle=Radioengineering&rft.au=Y.+V.+Pershin&rft.au=D.+C.+Nguyen&rft.date=2025-09-01&rft.pub=Spolecnost+pro+radioelektronicke+inzenyrstvi&rft.issn=1210-2512&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=526&rft.epage=540&rft_id=info:doi/10.13164%2Fre.2025.0526&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_f52d3ce9252049c2bed4fd1945418627
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1210-2512&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1210-2512&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1210-2512&client=summon