Explaining anomalies through semi-supervised Autoencoders

This work tackles the problem of designing explainable by design anomaly detectors, which provide intelligible explanations to abnormal behaviors in input data observations. In particular, we adopt heatmaps as explanations, where a heatmap can be regarded as a collection of per-feature scores. To ex...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Array (New York) Vol. 28; p. 100537
Main Authors: Angiulli, Fabrizio, Fassetti, Fabio, Ferragina, Luca, Nisticò, Simona
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier Inc 01.12.2025
Subjects:
Anomaly detection
Explainability by design
Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Green-aware AI
Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Green-aware AI
Explainability by design
Anomaly detection
ISSN:2590-0056, 2590-0056
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:This work tackles the problem of designing explainable by design anomaly detectors, which provide intelligible explanations to abnormal behaviors in input data observations. In particular, we adopt heatmaps as explanations, where a heatmap can be regarded as a collection of per-feature scores. To explain anomalies, our approach, called AE–XAD11The code of AE–XAD is available at https://github.com/AIDALab-DIMES/AE-XAD. (for AutoEncoder-based eXplainable Anomaly Detection), extends a recently introduced semi-supervised variant of the Autoencoder architecture. The main idea of our proposal is to exploit a reconstruction error strategy for detecting deviating features. Unlike standard Autoencoders, it leverages a semi-supervised loss designed to maximize the distance between the reconstruction and the original value assumed by anomalous features. By means of this strategy, our approach learns to isolate anomalous portions of the input observations using only a few anomalous examples during training. Experimental results highlight that AE–XAD delivers high-level performance in explaining anomalies in different scenarios while maintaining a minimal CO2 footprint, showcasing a design that is not only highly effective but also environmentally conscious.
ISSN:2590-0056
2590-0056
DOI:10.1016/j.array.2025.100537