A quantum blockchain-enabled framework for secure private electronic medical records in Internet of Medical Things
•Novel quantum blockchain with proprietary data structure and its implementation.•The block hash value stored as one qubit with parallel computing capability.•Quantum electronic medical records guarantee data security and privacy by resisting quantum attacks. There is a rising need for healthcare as...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Information sciences Jg. 612; S. 942 - 958 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Elsevier Inc
01.10.2022
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0020-0255, 1872-6291 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | •Novel quantum blockchain with proprietary data structure and its implementation.•The block hash value stored as one qubit with parallel computing capability.•Quantum electronic medical records guarantee data security and privacy by resisting quantum attacks.
There is a rising need for healthcare as a result of rising public awareness of health issues. Electronic medical records include extremely confidential and sensitive information, and blockchain technology can enable the safe exchange of these records across various medical organizations. The current blockchain system is susceptible to quantum computer attacks, nevertheless, as a result of the advent of quantum computers. This research designs a novel distributed quantum electronic medical record system and suggests a new private quantum blockchain network based on security considerations. The blocks in this quantum blockchain’s data structure are linked via entangled states. The time stamp is automatically formed by connecting quantum blocks with controlled activities, which lowers the amount of storage space needed. Each block’s hash value is recorded using just one qubit. The quantum information processing is detailed in depth in the quantum electronic medical record protocol. Every medical record can be tracked, and the security and privacy of electronic medical records in Internet of Medical Things systems can be guaranteed. The protocol also ditches the traditional encryption and digital signature algorithms in favor of a quantum authentication system. According to the mathematical analysis, the quantum blockchain network has strong security against attacks from quantum computers since it can withstand External attack, Intercept-Measure-Repeat attack and Entanglement-Measure attack. The quantum circuit diagram for deriving the hash value is provided, along with the correctness and traceability analysis of the quantum block. The comparison between the proposed quantum blockchain model and a few other quantum blockchain models is also included. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | •Novel quantum blockchain with proprietary data structure and its implementation.•The block hash value stored as one qubit with parallel computing capability.•Quantum electronic medical records guarantee data security and privacy by resisting quantum attacks.
There is a rising need for healthcare as a result of rising public awareness of health issues. Electronic medical records include extremely confidential and sensitive information, and blockchain technology can enable the safe exchange of these records across various medical organizations. The current blockchain system is susceptible to quantum computer attacks, nevertheless, as a result of the advent of quantum computers. This research designs a novel distributed quantum electronic medical record system and suggests a new private quantum blockchain network based on security considerations. The blocks in this quantum blockchain’s data structure are linked via entangled states. The time stamp is automatically formed by connecting quantum blocks with controlled activities, which lowers the amount of storage space needed. Each block’s hash value is recorded using just one qubit. The quantum information processing is detailed in depth in the quantum electronic medical record protocol. Every medical record can be tracked, and the security and privacy of electronic medical records in Internet of Medical Things systems can be guaranteed. The protocol also ditches the traditional encryption and digital signature algorithms in favor of a quantum authentication system. According to the mathematical analysis, the quantum blockchain network has strong security against attacks from quantum computers since it can withstand External attack, Intercept-Measure-Repeat attack and Entanglement-Measure attack. The quantum circuit diagram for deriving the hash value is provided, along with the correctness and traceability analysis of the quantum block. The comparison between the proposed quantum blockchain model and a few other quantum blockchain models is also included. |
| Author | Qu, Zhiguo Zhang, Zhexi Zheng, Min |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zhiguo surname: Qu fullname: Qu, Zhiguo email: qzghhh@126.com organization: Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Zhexi surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Zhexi email: zzxaaxx@163.com organization: Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Min surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Min email: zmyjl761218@163.com organization: Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China |
| BookMark | eNp9kLtOxDAQRS0EEsvjA-j8AwljbzZZiwohXhKIBmprMp6wXrI22F4Qf08QVBRUU4zOlc45ELshBhbiREGtQLWn69qHXGvQugZTg17uiJladrpqtVG7YgagoQK9WOyLg5zXANB0bTsT6Vy-bTGU7Ub2Y6QXWqEPFQfsR3ZySLjhj5he5BCTzEzbxPI1-XcsLHlkKikGT3LDzhOOMjHF5LL0Qd6GwilwkXGQ97_vx5UPz_lI7A04Zj7-vYfi6ery8eKmunu4vr04v6tIm65UDnFwrcHGaHSd650iNzgN0KquMYYaYu7Nsuk7bJn6OZNWzgGqRa-dQ5ofiu5nl1LMOfFgyRcsPoaS0I9Wgf1OZ9d2Sme_01kwdko3keoPOTlvMH3-y5z9MDwpvXtONpPnQJP6VKVYF_0_9Bc5so1i |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2023_119129 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11227_024_06650_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2023_119329 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3326155 crossref_primary_10_1002_adts_202300704 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2023_03_121 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10586_025_05481_z crossref_primary_10_1049_qtc2_12119 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2023_02_003 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIV_2023_3304852 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10586_024_04791_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s10462_024_11063_z crossref_primary_10_3390_foods12173235 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2023_3296460 crossref_primary_10_1002_spy2_284 crossref_primary_10_1515_biol_2022_0625 crossref_primary_10_1109_JPROC_2024_3520803 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2023_03_134 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2023_120049 crossref_primary_10_1002_cae_22696 crossref_primary_10_32604_cmc_2024_051233 crossref_primary_10_32604_cmc_2024_059359 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2025_3572962 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2023_3285388 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compeleceng_2023_108796 crossref_primary_10_3390_pr11051329 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540091_2023_2186315 crossref_primary_10_1109_JBHI_2023_3288199 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2022_11_142 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2024_120617 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40747_024_01477_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compeleceng_2023_108769 crossref_primary_10_1109_JBHI_2024_3357168 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_024_04316_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sysarc_2024_103103 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23031228 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCE_2024_3522276 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compeleceng_2023_108763 crossref_primary_10_1109_MNET_134_2200578 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12083_024_01789_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_024_04432_8 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2025_3543332 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0313294 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cosrev_2025_100752 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cosrev_2025_100790 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_023_04096_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2023_119633 crossref_primary_10_1049_cit2_12218 crossref_primary_10_1002_spy2_419 crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2025_3526443 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e31406 crossref_primary_10_1109_JBHI_2023_3321780 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bcra_2025_100344 crossref_primary_10_3389_fdgth_2024_1502745 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_024_04466_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eswa_2023_122230 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compeleceng_2025_110524 crossref_primary_10_3390_e25091320 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/SFCS.1994.365700 10.1016/j.ins.2019.02.038 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3121 10.1016/j.jisa.2019.102407 10.1109/TBDATA.2017.2723570 10.1038/s41746-021-00383-x 10.1109/COMST.2016.2535718 10.1134/S1995080218070028 10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102549 10.1007/s10916-018-1121-4 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2995917 10.1145/359340.359342 10.1016/j.ins.2022.04.008 10.1007/s00779-018-1149-y 10.1007/s11128-020-02915-y 10.1109/TNSE.2021.3101842 10.1007/s11128-012-0421-8 10.1090/S0025-5718-1987-0866109-5 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5188 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.052110 10.1016/j.ins.2020.01.051 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012310 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.325 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3064297 10.1109/TEM.2020.2973095 10.1007/s10207-020-00493-9 10.1007/s11128-018-1954-2 10.1016/j.future.2022.01.017 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.180501 10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025 10.1016/j.ins.2019.05.092 10.3390/quantum1010002 10.1109/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367459 10.32604/cmc.2021.013796 10.1016/j.ins.2020.03.008 10.3390/e21090887 10.22331/q-2020-07-16-297 10.1109/TPDS.2018.2871449 10.1093/jamia/ocz223 10.1038/d41586-018-07449-z |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2022 Elsevier Inc. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2022 Elsevier Inc. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Library & Information Science |
| EISSN | 1872-6291 |
| EndPage | 958 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_ins_2022_09_028 S0020025522010726 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M --Z -~X .DC .~1 0R~ 1B1 1OL 1RT 1~. 1~5 29I 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN 9JO AAAKF AAAKG AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARIN AAXUO AAYFN ABAOU ABBOA ABEFU ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABTAH ABUCO ABXDB ABYKQ ACAZW ACDAQ ACGFS ACNNM ACRLP ACZNC ADBBV ADEZE ADGUI ADJOM ADMUD ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFFNX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AHZHX AIALX AIEXJ AIGVJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AOUOD APLSM ARUGR ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA GBOLZ HAMUX HLZ HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IHE J1W JJJVA KOM LG9 LY1 M41 MHUIS MO0 MS~ N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SBC SDF SDG SDP SDS SES SEW SPC SPCBC SSB SSD SST SSV SSW SSZ T5K TN5 TWZ UHS WH7 WUQ XPP YYP ZMT ZY4 ~02 ~G- 77I 9DU AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO ADVLN AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c297t-daafd69a492ad7dbd1cdfd200617499c4ceeb984b7a6ecb3ec21dd0a15b2ddac3 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 68 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000861102500010&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0020-0255 |
| IngestDate | Sat Nov 29 07:26:44 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:31:03 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:38:25 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | 99-00 00-01 Distributed database Blockchain Internet of Medical Things Electronic medical records Quantum cryptography |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c297t-daafd69a492ad7dbd1cdfd200617499c4ceeb984b7a6ecb3ec21dd0a15b2ddac3 |
| PageCount | 17 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_ins_2022_09_028 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ins_2022_09_028 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ins_2022_09_028 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | October 2022 2022-10-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-10-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2022 text: October 2022 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Information sciences |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Inc |
| References | Wang, Wang, Zhao, Han, Zhou, Wang, Voundi Koe (b0075) 2022; 601 Rajan, Visser (b0125) 2018; 1 Cao, Zhang, Liu, Zhang, Neri (b0165) 2019; 485 P. Shor, Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring., In Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1994) 124–134. Sattath (b0105) 2020; 19 Bennett, Brassard (b0110) 2014; 560 Gao, Chen, Xu, Yuan, Yang (b0140) 2020; 19 Chen, Xie, Lv, Wei, Hu (b0045) 2019; 501 Tulsi (b0195) 2008; 78 S. Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Raussendorf, Briegel (b0085) 2001; 86 Tschorsch, Scheuermann (b0010) 2016; 18 S. Krishnan, M. Manoj, T. Gadekallu, N. Kumar, P. Maddikunta, S. Bhattacharya, D. Suh, M. Piran, A blockchain-based credibility scoring framework for electronic medical records (2020) 1–6doi:10.1109/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367459. Stafford, Treiblmaier (b0175) 2020; 67 Li, Zhang, Guo, Huang, Wen (b0210) 2013; 12 El-Latif, Abd-El-Atty, Mehmood, Muhammad, Peng (b0150) 2021; 58 Tanwar, Parekh, Evans (b0170) 2020; 50 Abbas, Alroobaea, Krichen, Rubaiee, Vimal, Almansour (b0060) 2021; 1 Koblitz (b0070) 1987; 48 Xu, Wang, Li, Guo, Luo, Ye, Guo (b0015) 2018; 30 Childs (b0205) 2009; 102 Li, Yang, Bi, Yuan, Xu (b0225) 2018; 8 Ablayev, Bulychkov, Sapaev, Vasiliev, Ziatdinov (b0115) 2018; 39 Rivest, Shamir, Adleman (b0065) 1978; 21 Garg, Wazid, Das, Singh, Rodrigues, Park (b0025) 2020; 8 Iovane (b0155) 2021; 9 Bennett (b0230) 1992; 68 Sun, Sopek, Wang, Kulicki (b0135) 2019; 21 Tang, Alazab, Luo (b0040) 2019; 5 Kiktenko, Pozhar, Anufriev, Trushechkin, Yunusov (b0120) 2018; 3 Wang, Marsh (b0200) 2019; 18 Sinsky, Adam, Genna, Arndt, Shanafelt, Sharp, Baxter, Ming, Yan, Chen (b0180) 2020; 27 Tan, Yu, Shi, Yang, Wei, Lu (b0235) 2022; 9 Nkenyereye, Islam, Hossain, Abdullah-Al-Wadud, Alamri (b0055) 2021; 67 Chen, Ding, Xu, Zheng, Yang (b0160) 2019; 43 Zhou, Mehedi Hassan, Goscinski (b0030) 2022; 600 N. Deepa, Q. Pham, D. Nguyen, S. Bhattacharya, B. Prabadevi, T. Gadekallu, A survey on blockchain for big data: approaches, opportunities, and future directions, Future Generation Computer Systems 131 (0167-739X) (2022) 209–226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.01.017. Yang, Bi, Chen, Yuan, Zhou, Shi (b0220) 2018; 17 H. Estiri, Z. Strasser, J. Klann, P. Naseri, K. Wagholikar, S. Murphy, Predicting covid-19 mortality with electronic medical records, npj Digital Medicine 4 (1) (2021) 1–10. doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00383-x. Yang, Xu, Yang, Zhou, Shi (b0215) 2016; 6 Yi, Zhe (b0035) 2018; 22 Aharonov, Popescu, Tollaksen, Vaidman (b0130) 2009; 79 Wang, Qin, Zhao, Wei, Shen, Susilo (b0020) 2020; 519 Fedorov, Kiktenko, Lvovsky (b0080) 2018; 563 Qu, Sun, Zheng (b0090) 2021; 20 Grover (b0100) 1997; 79 Coladangelo, Sattath (b0145) 2020; 4 Zhou (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0030) 2022; 600 Nkenyereye (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0055) 2021; 67 Rivest (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0065) 1978; 21 Chen (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0160) 2019; 43 Gao (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0140) 2020; 19 Yang (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0220) 2018; 17 Grover (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0100) 1997; 79 Yi (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0035) 2018; 22 Wang (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0075) 2022; 601 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0190 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0050 Sun (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0135) 2019; 21 Bennett (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0230) 1992; 68 Tschorsch (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0010) 2016; 18 Ablayev (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0115) 2018; 39 Tan (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0235) 2022; 9 Tulsi (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0195) 2008; 78 Garg (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0025) 2020; 8 Kiktenko (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0120) 2018; 3 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0005 Qu (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0090) 2021; 20 Stafford (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0175) 2020; 67 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0185 Li (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0210) 2013; 12 Wang (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0020) 2020; 519 Chen (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0045) 2019; 501 Childs (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0205) 2009; 102 Coladangelo (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0145) 2020; 4 Rajan (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0125) 2018; 1 Bennett (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0110) 2014; 560 Li (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0225) 2018; 8 Raussendorf (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0085) 2001; 86 Koblitz (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0070) 1987; 48 Cao (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0165) 2019; 485 Tang (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0040) 2019; 5 El-Latif (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0150) 2021; 58 Fedorov (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0080) 2018; 563 Iovane (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0155) 2021; 9 Yang (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0215) 2016; 6 Abbas (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0060) 2021; 1 Aharonov (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0130) 2009; 79 Tanwar (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0170) 2020; 50 Sinsky (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0180) 2020; 27 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0095 Sattath (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0105) 2020; 19 Xu (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0015) 2018; 30 Wang (10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0200) 2019; 18 |
| References_xml | – volume: 4 start-page: 297 year: 2020 end-page: 340 ident: b0145 article-title: A quantum money solution to the blockchain scalability problem publication-title: Quantum – volume: 9 start-page: 271 year: 2022 end-page: 281 ident: b0235 article-title: Towards secure and privacy-preserving data sharing for covid-19 medical records: a blockchain-empowered approach publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering – volume: 9 start-page: 39827 year: 2021 end-page: 39838 ident: b0155 article-title: Murequa chain: multiscale relativistic quantum blockchain publication-title: IEEE Access – volume: 67 start-page: 1340 year: 2020 end-page: 1362 ident: b0175 article-title: Characteristics of a blockchain ecosystem for secure and sharable electronic medical records publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management – volume: 8 start-page: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 7 ident: b0225 article-title: Controlled alternate quantum walks based quantum hash function publication-title: Scientific reports – volume: 39 start-page: 957 year: 2018 end-page: 960 ident: b0115 article-title: Quantum-assisted blockchain publication-title: Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics – volume: 21 start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 15 ident: b0135 article-title: Towards quantum-secured permissioned blockchain: signature, consensus, and logic publication-title: Entropy – volume: 8 start-page: 95956 year: 2020 end-page: 95977 ident: b0025 article-title: Bakmp-iomt: Design of blockchain enabled authenticated key management protocol for internet of medical things deployment publication-title: IEEE Access – volume: 67 start-page: 211 year: 2021 end-page: 221 ident: b0055 article-title: Blockchain-enabled ehr framework for internet of medical things publication-title: Computers, Materials and Continua – volume: 86 start-page: 5188 year: 2001 end-page: 5191 ident: b0085 article-title: A one-way quantum computer publication-title: Physical Review Letters – volume: 600 start-page: 442 year: 2022 end-page: 445 ident: b0030 article-title: Emerging edge-of-things computing for smart cities: Recent advances and future trends publication-title: Information Sciences – volume: 68 start-page: 3121 year: 1992 ident: b0230 article-title: Quantum cryptography using any 2 nonorthogonal states publication-title: Physical Review Letters – volume: 563 start-page: 465 year: 2018 end-page: 467 ident: b0080 article-title: Quantum computers put blockchain security at risk publication-title: Nature – reference: H. Estiri, Z. Strasser, J. Klann, P. Naseri, K. Wagholikar, S. Murphy, Predicting covid-19 mortality with electronic medical records, npj Digital Medicine 4 (1) (2021) 1–10. doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00383-x. – volume: 17 start-page: 1 year: 2018 end-page: 19 ident: b0220 article-title: Simple hash function using discrete-time quantum walks publication-title: Quantum Information Processing – volume: 48 start-page: 203 year: 1987 end-page: 209 ident: b0070 article-title: Elliptic curve cryptosystems publication-title: Mathematics of Computation – reference: S. Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. – volume: 78 start-page: 3332 year: 2008 end-page: 3335 ident: b0195 article-title: Faster quantum walk algorithm for the two dimensional spatial search publication-title: Physical Review A – volume: 79 start-page: 325 year: 1997 end-page: 328 ident: b0100 article-title: Quantum mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack publication-title: Physical Review Letters – reference: P. Shor, Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms and factoring., In Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (1994) 124–134. – volume: 601 start-page: 1 year: 2022 end-page: 17 ident: b0075 article-title: Bsm-ether: Bribery selfish mining in blockchain-based healthcare systems publication-title: Information Sciences – reference: N. Deepa, Q. Pham, D. Nguyen, S. Bhattacharya, B. Prabadevi, T. Gadekallu, A survey on blockchain for big data: approaches, opportunities, and future directions, Future Generation Computer Systems 131 (0167-739X) (2022) 209–226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.01.017. – volume: 1 start-page: 3 year: 2018 end-page: 11 ident: b0125 article-title: Quantum blockchain using entanglement in time publication-title: Quantum Reports – reference: S. Krishnan, M. Manoj, T. Gadekallu, N. Kumar, P. Maddikunta, S. Bhattacharya, D. Suh, M. Piran, A blockchain-based credibility scoring framework for electronic medical records (2020) 1–6doi:10.1109/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367459. – volume: 12 start-page: 1501 year: 2013 end-page: 1513 ident: b0210 article-title: Discrete-time interacting quantum walks and quantum hash schemes publication-title: Quantum Information Processing – volume: 485 start-page: 427 year: 2019 end-page: 440 ident: b0165 article-title: Cloud-assisted secure ehealth systems for tamper-proofing ehr via blockchain publication-title: Information Sciences – volume: 20 start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 29 ident: b0090 article-title: An efficient quantum image steganography protocol based on improved emd algorithm publication-title: Quantum Information Processing – volume: 102 start-page: 180501 year: 2009 ident: b0205 article-title: Universal computation by quantum walk publication-title: Physical Review Letters – volume: 3 start-page: 035004 year: 2018 ident: b0120 article-title: Quantum-secured blockchain, Quantum publication-title: Science & Technology – volume: 18 start-page: 2084 year: 2016 end-page: 2123 ident: b0010 article-title: Bitcoin and beyond: A technical survey on decentralized digital currencies publication-title: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials – volume: 22 start-page: 1075 year: 2018 end-page: 1081 ident: b0035 article-title: On the security of mq cryptographic systems for constructing secure internet of medical things publication-title: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing – volume: 79 start-page: 1744 year: 2009 end-page: 1747 ident: b0130 article-title: Multiple-time states and multiple-time measurements in quantum mechanics publication-title: Physical Review A – volume: 1 start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 14 ident: b0060 article-title: Blockchain-assisted secured data management framework for health information analysis based on internet of medical things publication-title: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing – volume: 50 start-page: 102407 year: 2020 ident: b0170 article-title: Blockchain-based electronic healthcare record system for healthcare 4.0 applications publication-title: Journal of Information Security and Applications – volume: 21 start-page: 120 year: 1978 end-page: 126 ident: b0065 article-title: A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems publication-title: Communications of the ACM – volume: 30 start-page: 870 year: 2018 end-page: 882 ident: b0015 article-title: Making big data open in edges: A resource-efficient blockchain-based approach publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems – volume: 27 start-page: 639 year: 2020 end-page: 643 ident: b0180 article-title: Metrics for assessing physician activity using electronic health record log data publication-title: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association – volume: 6 start-page: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 14 ident: b0215 article-title: Quantum hash function and its application to privacy amplification in quantum key distribution, pseudo-random number generation and image encryption publication-title: Scientific reports – volume: 18 start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 18 ident: b0200 article-title: A quantum walk-assisted approximate algorithm for bounded np optimisation problems publication-title: Quantum Information Processing – volume: 43 start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 9 ident: b0160 article-title: Blockchain-based medical records secure storage and medical service framework publication-title: Journal of Medical Systems – volume: 5 start-page: 317 year: 2019 end-page: 329 ident: b0040 article-title: Big data for cybersecurity: Vulnerability disclosure trends and dependencies publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Big Data – volume: 19 start-page: 1 year: 2020 end-page: 15 ident: b0140 article-title: A novel quantum blockchain scheme base on quantum entanglement and dpos publication-title: Quantum Information Processing – volume: 519 start-page: 348 year: 2020 end-page: 362 ident: b0020 article-title: Blockchain-based fair payment smart contract for public cloud storage auditing publication-title: Information Sciences – volume: 560 start-page: 7 year: 2014 end-page: 11 ident: b0110 article-title: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing publication-title: Theoretical Computer Science – volume: 501 start-page: 100 year: 2019 end-page: 117 ident: b0045 article-title: Deplest: A blockchain-based privacy-preserving distributed database toward user behaviors in social networks publication-title: Information Sciences – volume: 58 start-page: 102549 year: 2021 ident: b0150 article-title: Quantum-inspired blockchain-based cybersecurity: Securing smart edge utilities in iot-based smart cities publication-title: Information Processing & Management – volume: 19 start-page: 291 year: 2020 end-page: 302 ident: b0105 article-title: On the insecurity of quantum bitcoin mining publication-title: International Journal of Information Security – ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0095 doi: 10.1109/SFCS.1994.365700 – volume: 485 start-page: 427 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0165 article-title: Cloud-assisted secure ehealth systems for tamper-proofing ehr via blockchain publication-title: Information Sciences doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2019.02.038 – volume: 68 start-page: 3121 issue: 1 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0230 article-title: Quantum cryptography using any 2 nonorthogonal states publication-title: Physical Review Letters doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.3121 – volume: 50 start-page: 102407 issue: 10 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0170 article-title: Blockchain-based electronic healthcare record system for healthcare 4.0 applications publication-title: Journal of Information Security and Applications doi: 10.1016/j.jisa.2019.102407 – volume: 5 start-page: 317 issue: 3 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0040 article-title: Big data for cybersecurity: Vulnerability disclosure trends and dependencies publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Big Data doi: 10.1109/TBDATA.2017.2723570 – ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0190 doi: 10.1038/s41746-021-00383-x – volume: 18 start-page: 2084 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0010 article-title: Bitcoin and beyond: A technical survey on decentralized digital currencies publication-title: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials doi: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2535718 – volume: 39 start-page: 957 issue: 7 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0115 article-title: Quantum-assisted blockchain publication-title: Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics doi: 10.1134/S1995080218070028 – volume: 58 start-page: 102549 issue: 4 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0150 article-title: Quantum-inspired blockchain-based cybersecurity: Securing smart edge utilities in iot-based smart cities publication-title: Information Processing & Management doi: 10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102549 – volume: 43 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0160 article-title: Blockchain-based medical records secure storage and medical service framework publication-title: Journal of Medical Systems doi: 10.1007/s10916-018-1121-4 – volume: 8 start-page: 95956 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0025 article-title: Bakmp-iomt: Design of blockchain enabled authenticated key management protocol for internet of medical things deployment publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2995917 – volume: 21 start-page: 120 issue: 2 year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0065 article-title: A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems publication-title: Communications of the ACM doi: 10.1145/359340.359342 – volume: 601 start-page: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0075 article-title: Bsm-ether: Bribery selfish mining in blockchain-based healthcare systems publication-title: Information Sciences doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.04.008 – volume: 22 start-page: 1075 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0035 article-title: On the security of mq cryptographic systems for constructing secure internet of medical things publication-title: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing doi: 10.1007/s00779-018-1149-y – volume: 19 start-page: 1 issue: 12 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0140 article-title: A novel quantum blockchain scheme base on quantum entanglement and dpos publication-title: Quantum Information Processing doi: 10.1007/s11128-020-02915-y – volume: 9 start-page: 271 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0235 article-title: Towards secure and privacy-preserving data sharing for covid-19 medical records: a blockchain-empowered approach publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering doi: 10.1109/TNSE.2021.3101842 – volume: 12 start-page: 1501 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0210 article-title: Discrete-time interacting quantum walks and quantum hash schemes publication-title: Quantum Information Processing doi: 10.1007/s11128-012-0421-8 – volume: 48 start-page: 203 issue: 177 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0070 article-title: Elliptic curve cryptosystems publication-title: Mathematics of Computation doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-1987-0866109-5 – volume: 86 start-page: 5188 issue: 22 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0085 article-title: A one-way quantum computer publication-title: Physical Review Letters doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5188 – volume: 79 start-page: 1744 issue: 5 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0130 article-title: Multiple-time states and multiple-time measurements in quantum mechanics publication-title: Physical Review A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.052110 – volume: 519 start-page: 348 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0020 article-title: Blockchain-based fair payment smart contract for public cloud storage auditing publication-title: Information Sciences doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2020.01.051 – volume: 78 start-page: 3332 issue: 1 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0195 article-title: Faster quantum walk algorithm for the two dimensional spatial search publication-title: Physical Review A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012310 – volume: 79 start-page: 325 issue: 2 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0100 article-title: Quantum mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack publication-title: Physical Review Letters doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.325 – volume: 9 start-page: 39827 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0155 article-title: Murequa chain: multiscale relativistic quantum blockchain publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3064297 – volume: 67 start-page: 1340 issue: 4 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0175 article-title: Characteristics of a blockchain ecosystem for secure and sharable electronic medical records publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management doi: 10.1109/TEM.2020.2973095 – volume: 19 start-page: 291 issue: 3 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0105 article-title: On the insecurity of quantum bitcoin mining publication-title: International Journal of Information Security doi: 10.1007/s10207-020-00493-9 – volume: 17 start-page: 1 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0220 article-title: Simple hash function using discrete-time quantum walks publication-title: Quantum Information Processing doi: 10.1007/s11128-018-1954-2 – ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0005 – ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0050 doi: 10.1016/j.future.2022.01.017 – volume: 18 start-page: 1 issue: 3 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0200 article-title: A quantum walk-assisted approximate algorithm for bounded np optimisation problems publication-title: Quantum Information Processing – volume: 6 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0215 article-title: Quantum hash function and its application to privacy amplification in quantum key distribution, pseudo-random number generation and image encryption publication-title: Scientific reports – volume: 102 start-page: 180501 issue: 18 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0205 article-title: Universal computation by quantum walk publication-title: Physical Review Letters doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.180501 – volume: 560 start-page: 7 issue: 1 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0110 article-title: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing publication-title: Theoretical Computer Science doi: 10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025 – volume: 501 start-page: 100 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0045 article-title: Deplest: A blockchain-based privacy-preserving distributed database toward user behaviors in social networks publication-title: Information Sciences doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2019.05.092 – volume: 1 start-page: 3 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0125 article-title: Quantum blockchain using entanglement in time publication-title: Quantum Reports doi: 10.3390/quantum1010002 – ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0185 doi: 10.1109/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367459 – volume: 67 start-page: 211 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0055 article-title: Blockchain-enabled ehr framework for internet of medical things publication-title: Computers, Materials and Continua doi: 10.32604/cmc.2021.013796 – volume: 20 start-page: 1 issue: 53 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0090 article-title: An efficient quantum image steganography protocol based on improved emd algorithm publication-title: Quantum Information Processing – volume: 600 start-page: 442 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0030 article-title: Emerging edge-of-things computing for smart cities: Recent advances and future trends publication-title: Information Sciences doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2020.03.008 – volume: 8 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0225 article-title: Controlled alternate quantum walks based quantum hash function publication-title: Scientific reports – volume: 21 start-page: 1 issue: 9 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0135 article-title: Towards quantum-secured permissioned blockchain: signature, consensus, and logic publication-title: Entropy doi: 10.3390/e21090887 – volume: 4 start-page: 297 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0145 article-title: A quantum money solution to the blockchain scalability problem publication-title: Quantum doi: 10.22331/q-2020-07-16-297 – volume: 30 start-page: 870 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0015 article-title: Making big data open in edges: A resource-efficient blockchain-based approach publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems doi: 10.1109/TPDS.2018.2871449 – volume: 27 start-page: 639 issue: 4 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0180 article-title: Metrics for assessing physician activity using electronic health record log data publication-title: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocz223 – volume: 1 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0060 article-title: Blockchain-assisted secured data management framework for health information analysis based on internet of medical things publication-title: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing – volume: 563 start-page: 465 issue: 7732 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0080 article-title: Quantum computers put blockchain security at risk publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-07449-z – volume: 3 start-page: 035004 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028_b0120 article-title: Quantum-secured blockchain, Quantum publication-title: Science & Technology |
| SSID | ssj0004766 |
| Score | 2.614612 |
| Snippet | •Novel quantum blockchain with proprietary data structure and its implementation.•The block hash value stored as one qubit with parallel computing... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 942 |
| SubjectTerms | Blockchain Distributed database Electronic medical records Internet of Medical Things Quantum cryptography |
| Title | A quantum blockchain-enabled framework for secure private electronic medical records in Internet of Medical Things |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.09.028 |
| Volume | 612 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000861102500010&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1872-6291 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0004766 issn: 0020-0255 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LbxMxELZCywEOCAqIAkVzQByoVtp4nz5GqAiQqEAqUsRltX4sSWk3VZpU-fmM7fHu0lBED1xWkRU7j_nseXjmG8Zey0QXDdqxkc5NEqXZWEelzHWUorJE_axiXWjXbKI4Pi6nU_FlNFqHWpirs6Jty81GXPxXUeMYCtuWzt5C3N2iOICvUej4RLHj858EP7GFkqhJzm1SuvqpZuj7R8aVSOnDJuRiufTCSxtst5VStsWZORy0xDmn-xsfw3E5sz52aFzmQLje8V0_hwYulTc5VJF27az2r2t3FTKb_1gvtgLW32dmM-9HjR_9TMTgFJdAlzZkuPV1AjjAPQlvOGtzypn2p6XwxFqkeIXncN8603144RQdEUuvzrnjpaWK8t_4s6_ptS7bMCSynVa4RGWXqGJR4RJ32C4vMoGH4e7k49H0U19QW_hL7vATwnW4Swy89j3-bNAMjJSTh-wBeRcw8ah4xEam3WP3B5yTe-yAKlXgDQxkBXTGP2bLCRB-YBs_0OEHcCp4_ADhB3r8AOEHCD8wbyHgBxYNEH7A4-cJ-_b-6OTdh4gac0SKi2IV6bpudC7qVPAa97LUY6UbzZ05jB60StHykqJMZVHnRsnEKD7WOq7HmeRa1yp5ynbaRWueMUCHOua6TFG3SMtIW2dokSYS1YIqa5Vn-ywO_26liLXeNk85q26U6j5720258JQtf3tzGkRW0a7wtmSF8Lt52vPbfMYLdq_fIC_Zzmq5NgfsrrpazS-Xrwh7vwA3SaY5 |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+quantum+blockchain-enabled+framework+for+secure+private+electronic+medical+records+in+Internet+of+Medical+Things&rft.jtitle=Information+sciences&rft.au=Qu%2C+Zhiguo&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zhexi&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Min&rft.date=2022-10-01&rft.issn=0020-0255&rft.volume=612&rft.spage=942&rft.epage=958&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ins.2022.09.028&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_ins_2022_09_028 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0020-0255&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0020-0255&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0020-0255&client=summon |