Optimised operation of integrated community energy system considering integrated energy pricing strategy: A two-layer Stackelberg game approach

Aiming at the problems of new energy absorption and inter-subject interest conflict in the integrated community energy system, this study proposed an integrated energy pricing strategy that considered the interconversion of various energy sources and built a two-layer optimisation model of the elect...

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Vydané v:Journal of energy storage Ročník 87; s. 111383
Hlavní autori: Yang, Dongfeng, He, Ziqian, Sun, Yong, Li, Baoju, Li, DeXin, Liu, Xiaojun, Jiang, Chao
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Elsevier Ltd 15.05.2024
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ISSN:2352-152X, 2352-1538
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Abstract Aiming at the problems of new energy absorption and inter-subject interest conflict in the integrated community energy system, this study proposed an integrated energy pricing strategy that considered the interconversion of various energy sources and built a two-layer optimisation model of the electric-gas-heat‑hydrogen interconnection integrated community energy system. The upper-layer operator model maximises the revenue by setting energy price and selling energy to users. The lower-layer users model minimises the energy cost by actively adjusting energy usage strategy according to energy price. The two sides rationally pursue the maximisation of their respective interests, and the process of bargaining can be described by Stackelberg game. The model is also considered for combining the characteristics of elastic load and vehicle-to-grid on the demand side and operates jointly with the bus battery swapping station and two-stage power-to-gas for optimizing system operation. Through theoretical derivation, it is proved that there is a unique Stackelberg equilibrium solution for the proposed game model. Further, the two-layer optimisation model is transformed into a mixed integer quadratic programming problem by applying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucher optimal condition, linear relaxation technique, and duality theorem. Finally, the global optimal energy price is obtained by solving the converted model. The optimisation results in different scenarios show that the proposed model and method not only protect the interests of the operator and users but also improve the wind power absorption capacity of the community and reduce the load fluctuation. •Based on the Stackelberg game, an integrated energy-pricing strategy for the community is proposed, with the operator as the leader and users as follower.•Based on the Stackelberg game relationship between the operator and users, a two-layer optimisation model is built.•Stackelberg equilibrium solution verification and model linearisation.
AbstractList Aiming at the problems of new energy absorption and inter-subject interest conflict in the integrated community energy system, this study proposed an integrated energy pricing strategy that considered the interconversion of various energy sources and built a two-layer optimisation model of the electric-gas-heat‑hydrogen interconnection integrated community energy system. The upper-layer operator model maximises the revenue by setting energy price and selling energy to users. The lower-layer users model minimises the energy cost by actively adjusting energy usage strategy according to energy price. The two sides rationally pursue the maximisation of their respective interests, and the process of bargaining can be described by Stackelberg game. The model is also considered for combining the characteristics of elastic load and vehicle-to-grid on the demand side and operates jointly with the bus battery swapping station and two-stage power-to-gas for optimizing system operation. Through theoretical derivation, it is proved that there is a unique Stackelberg equilibrium solution for the proposed game model. Further, the two-layer optimisation model is transformed into a mixed integer quadratic programming problem by applying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucher optimal condition, linear relaxation technique, and duality theorem. Finally, the global optimal energy price is obtained by solving the converted model. The optimisation results in different scenarios show that the proposed model and method not only protect the interests of the operator and users but also improve the wind power absorption capacity of the community and reduce the load fluctuation. •Based on the Stackelberg game, an integrated energy-pricing strategy for the community is proposed, with the operator as the leader and users as follower.•Based on the Stackelberg game relationship between the operator and users, a two-layer optimisation model is built.•Stackelberg equilibrium solution verification and model linearisation.
ArticleNumber 111383
Author Li, Baoju
He, Ziqian
Sun, Yong
Jiang, Chao
Liu, Xiaojun
Yang, Dongfeng
Li, DeXin
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  givenname: Yong
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  organization: Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology, Ministry of Education (Northeast Electric Power University), Jilin 132012, China
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Keywords Integrated community energy system
Vehicle-to-grid
Stackelberg game
Pricing strategy
Power-to-gas
Battery swapping station
Karush-Kuhn-Tucher optimal condition
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Snippet Aiming at the problems of new energy absorption and inter-subject interest conflict in the integrated community energy system, this study proposed an...
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SubjectTerms Battery swapping station
Integrated community energy system
Karush-Kuhn-Tucher optimal condition
Power-to-gas
Pricing strategy
Stackelberg game
Vehicle-to-grid
Title Optimised operation of integrated community energy system considering integrated energy pricing strategy: A two-layer Stackelberg game approach
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111383
Volume 87
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