Influence of Mineralogical and Petrographic Properties on the Mechanical Behavior of Granitic and Mafic Rocks

This study investigates the impact of mineralogical and petrographic characteristics on the mechanical behavior of granitic and mafic rocks from the Shuangjiangkou (Sichuan Province) and Damiao complexes (Hebei Province) in China. The research methodology combined petrographic investigation, compris...

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Published in:	Minerals (Basel) Vol. 15; no. 7; p. 747
Main Authors:	Waqar, Muhammad Faisal, Guo, Songfeng, Qi, Shengwen, Karim, Malik Aoun Murtaza, Zada, Khan, Ahmed, Izhar, Shang, Yanjun
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 17.07.2025
Subjects:	Anorthosite Composition Compressive strength Crystalline rocks Density Design engineering Electron microscopy Failure Failure modes Fault lines Feldspars Fractures (Geology) Fracturing Geology Grain size Granite Gravity Hydroelectric power Light microscopy Mechanical properties Mica Microporosity Mineralogy Minerals Optical microscopy Physical properties Plagioclase Porosity Quartz Research methods Rock Rock masses Scanning electron microscopy Specific gravity Stress concentration Water absorption X-ray spectroscopy China Sichuan China Hebei China
ISSN:	2075-163X, 2075-163X
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Abstract	This study investigates the impact of mineralogical and petrographic characteristics on the mechanical behavior of granitic and mafic rocks from the Shuangjiangkou (Sichuan Province) and Damiao complexes (Hebei Province) in China. The research methodology combined petrographic investigation, comprising optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) methods, with methodical geotechnical characterization to establish quantitative relationships between mineralogical composition and engineering properties. The petrographic studies revealed three lithologic groups: fine-to-medium-grained Shuangjiangkou granite (45%–60% feldspar, 27%–35% quartz, 10%–15% mica), plagioclase-rich anorthosite (more than 90% of plagioclase), and intermediate mangerite (40%–50% of plagioclase, 25%–35% of perthite). The uniaxial compressive strength tests showed great variations: granite (127.53 ± 15.07 MPa), anorthosite (167.81 ± 23.45 MPa), and mangerite (205.12 ± 23.87 MPa). Physical properties demonstrated inverse correlations between mechanical strength and both water absorption (granite: 0.25%–0.42%; anorthosite: 0.07%–0.44%; mangerite: 0.10%–0.25%) and apparent porosity (granite: 0.75%–0.92%; anorthosite: 0.20%–1.20%; mangerite: 0.29%–0.69%), with positive correlations to specific gravity (granite: 1.88–3.03; anorthosite: 2.67–2.90; mangerite: 2.43–2.99). Critical petrographic features controlling mechanical behavior include the following: (1) mica content in granite creating anisotropic properties, (2) extensive feldspar alteration through sericitization increasing microporosity and reducing intergranular cohesion, (3) plagioclase micro-fracturing and alteration to clinozoisite–sericite assemblages in anorthosite creating weakness networks, and (4) mangerite’s superior composition of >95% hard minerals with minimal sheet mineral content and limited alteration. Failure mode analysis indicated distinct patterns: granite experiencing shear-dominated failure (30–45° diagonal planes), anorthosite demonstrated tensile fracturing with vertical splitting, and mangerite showed catastrophic brittle failure with extensive fracture networks. These findings provide quantitative frameworks that relate petrographic features to engineering behavior, offering valuable insights for rock mass assessment and engineering design in similar crystalline rock terrains.
AbstractList	This study investigates the impact of mineralogical and petrographic characteristics on the mechanical behavior of granitic and mafic rocks from the Shuangjiangkou (Sichuan Province) and Damiao complexes (Hebei Province) in China. The research methodology combined petrographic investigation, comprising optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) methods, with methodical geotechnical characterization to establish quantitative relationships between mineralogical composition and engineering properties. The petrographic studies revealed three lithologic groups: fine-to-medium-grained Shuangjiangkou granite (45%–60% feldspar, 27%–35% quartz, 10%–15% mica), plagioclase-rich anorthosite (more than 90% of plagioclase), and intermediate mangerite (40%–50% of plagioclase, 25%–35% of perthite). The uniaxial compressive strength tests showed great variations: granite (127.53 ± 15.07 MPa), anorthosite (167.81 ± 23.45 MPa), and mangerite (205.12 ± 23.87 MPa). Physical properties demonstrated inverse correlations between mechanical strength and both water absorption (granite: 0.25%–0.42%; anorthosite: 0.07%–0.44%; mangerite: 0.10%–0.25%) and apparent porosity (granite: 0.75%–0.92%; anorthosite: 0.20%–1.20%; mangerite: 0.29%–0.69%), with positive correlations to specific gravity (granite: 1.88–3.03; anorthosite: 2.67–2.90; mangerite: 2.43–2.99). Critical petrographic features controlling mechanical behavior include the following: (1) mica content in granite creating anisotropic properties, (2) extensive feldspar alteration through sericitization increasing microporosity and reducing intergranular cohesion, (3) plagioclase micro-fracturing and alteration to clinozoisite–sericite assemblages in anorthosite creating weakness networks, and (4) mangerite’s superior composition of >95% hard minerals with minimal sheet mineral content and limited alteration. Failure mode analysis indicated distinct patterns: granite experiencing shear-dominated failure (30–45° diagonal planes), anorthosite demonstrated tensile fracturing with vertical splitting, and mangerite showed catastrophic brittle failure with extensive fracture networks. These findings provide quantitative frameworks that relate petrographic features to engineering behavior, offering valuable insights for rock mass assessment and engineering design in similar crystalline rock terrains.
Audience	Academic
Author	Guo, Songfeng Qi, Shengwen Karim, Malik Aoun Murtaza Ahmed, Izhar Waqar, Muhammad Faisal Shang, Yanjun Zada, Khan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Muhammad Faisal orcidid: 0009-0002-8141-1516 surname: Waqar fullname: Waqar, Muhammad Faisal – sequence: 2 givenname: Songfeng orcidid: 0000-0002-8429-8451 surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Songfeng – sequence: 3 givenname: Shengwen orcidid: 0000-0002-0967-7582 surname: Qi fullname: Qi, Shengwen – sequence: 4 givenname: Malik Aoun Murtaza surname: Karim fullname: Karim, Malik Aoun Murtaza – sequence: 5 givenname: Khan surname: Zada fullname: Zada, Khan – sequence: 6 givenname: Izhar orcidid: 0009-0002-3823-2520 surname: Ahmed fullname: Ahmed, Izhar – sequence: 7 givenname: Yanjun orcidid: 0000-0003-1784-0930 surname: Shang fullname: Shang, Yanjun
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SubjectTerms	Anorthosite Composition Compressive strength Crystalline rocks Density Design engineering Electron microscopy Failure Failure modes Fault lines Feldspars Fractures (Geology) Fracturing Geology Grain size Granite Gravity Hydroelectric power Light microscopy Mechanical properties Mica Microporosity Mineralogy Minerals Optical microscopy Physical properties Plagioclase Porosity Quartz Research methods Rock Rock masses Scanning electron microscopy Specific gravity Stress concentration Water absorption X-ray spectroscopy
Title	Influence of Mineralogical and Petrographic Properties on the Mechanical Behavior of Granitic and Mafic Rocks
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