Unconstrained vocal pattern recognition algorithm based on attention mechanism
Deep learning-based voiceprint recognition methods rely heavily on adequate datasets, especially those closer to the natural environment and more complex under unconstrained conditions. Yet, the data types of open-source speech datasets are too homogeneous nowadays, and there are some differences wi...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Digital signal processing Vol. 136; p. 103973 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Inc
01.05.2023
|
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1051-2004, 1095-4333 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Deep learning-based voiceprint recognition methods rely heavily on adequate datasets, especially those closer to the natural environment and more complex under unconstrained conditions. Yet, the data types of open-source speech datasets are too homogeneous nowadays, and there are some differences with the address collected in natural application environments. For few Chinese datasets used, this paper proposes and produces an unconstrained Chinese speech dataset with richer data types closer to those collected in a natural environment. To address the inadequate extraction of acoustic features in the unconstrained speech dataset, a new two-dimensional convolutional residual network structure based on the attention mechanism is designed and applied to acoustic feature extraction. The residual block structure in the residual network is improved by the SE module and the CBAM module to obtain the SE-Cov2d and CSA-Cov2d models respectively. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that the attention mechanism can help the network focus on more critical feature information and fuse more differentiated features in feature extraction.
•An unconstrained Chinese speech dataset proposed in a natural environment.•A new two-dimensional convolutional residual network structure designed and applied to acoustic feature extraction.•SE-Cov2d obtains the smallest EER values of 2.72% and 6.76% on both VoxCeleb and CN-Human datasets. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Deep learning-based voiceprint recognition methods rely heavily on adequate datasets, especially those closer to the natural environment and more complex under unconstrained conditions. Yet, the data types of open-source speech datasets are too homogeneous nowadays, and there are some differences with the address collected in natural application environments. For few Chinese datasets used, this paper proposes and produces an unconstrained Chinese speech dataset with richer data types closer to those collected in a natural environment. To address the inadequate extraction of acoustic features in the unconstrained speech dataset, a new two-dimensional convolutional residual network structure based on the attention mechanism is designed and applied to acoustic feature extraction. The residual block structure in the residual network is improved by the SE module and the CBAM module to obtain the SE-Cov2d and CSA-Cov2d models respectively. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that the attention mechanism can help the network focus on more critical feature information and fuse more differentiated features in feature extraction.
•An unconstrained Chinese speech dataset proposed in a natural environment.•A new two-dimensional convolutional residual network structure designed and applied to acoustic feature extraction.•SE-Cov2d obtains the smallest EER values of 2.72% and 6.76% on both VoxCeleb and CN-Human datasets. |
| ArticleNumber | 103973 |
| Author | Zhang, Xiaolong Zhang, Wenming Li, Yaqian Zhang, Xuyao Li, Haibin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yaqian surname: Li fullname: Li, Yaqian email: yaqianli@126.com organization: Pattern Recognized, Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaolong orcidid: 0000-0003-4323-4985 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiaolong email: miu_zxl@163.com organization: Speaker Diarization, Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Xuyao surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xuyao email: 1106343910@qq.com organization: Speaker Verification, Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Haibin surname: Li fullname: Li, Haibin email: hbli@ysu.edu.cn organization: Pattern Recognized, Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Wenming surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Wenming email: zwmwen@ysu.edu.cn organization: Camera Calibration, Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, China |
| BookMark | eNp9kMtOwzAQRS1UJNrCB7DLD6T4lTgRK1TxkirY0LU1sZ3WVWJXtlWJv8ehrFh048d4jjX3LNDMeWcQuid4RTCpHw4rHY8riinLd9YKdoXmBLdVyRljs-lckZJizG_QIsYDxlhwWs_Rx9Yp72IKYJ3RxckrGIojpGSCK4JRfudsst4VMOx8sGk_Fh3E3DmVcpf7fRyN2oOzcbxF1z0M0dz97Uu0fXn-Wr-Vm8_X9_XTplS0FamkRhFoNTQdrXtoaF67BlqsOa45bogh0OmcAgRlDetZI0RfaVZRQXlXc86WiJz_VcHHGEwvj8GOEL4lwXISIg8yC5GTEHkWkhnxj1E2wTT_lH64SD6eSZMjnawJMiprnDLaZkVJam8v0D9v333C |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_math11194205 crossref_primary_10_1177_14727978251321638 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00521_024_10548_w |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/0167-6393(90)90010-7 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3084299 10.1002/ima.22337 10.1007/s00521-017-2848-4 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2023 Elsevier Inc. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2023 Elsevier Inc. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1095-4333 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_dsp_2023_103973 S1051200423000684 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .DC .~1 0R~ 1B1 1~. 1~5 29G 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXUO AAYFN ABBOA ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACNNM ACRLP ACZNC ADBBV ADEZE ADFGL ADJOM ADMUD ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHJVU AHZHX AIALX AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AOUOD ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CAG COF CS3 DM4 DU5 EBS EFBJH EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F0J F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q G8K GBLVA GBOLZ HLZ HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W JJJVA KOM LG5 LG9 LY7 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SBC SDF SDG SDP SES SET SEW SPC SPCBC SST SSV SSZ T5K WUQ XPP ZMT ZU3 ~G- 9DU AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABDPE ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS ~HD |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c297t-2ec1a9da8b26fa8226fb8a90d4064081e1abd397a72383f3877f5d352724b6443 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 2 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000955179700001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1051-2004 |
| IngestDate | Tue Nov 18 22:25:06 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:08:40 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:37:03 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Attention mechanism Feature fusion Voiceprint recognition Unconstrained datasets |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c297t-2ec1a9da8b26fa8226fb8a90d4064081e1abd397a72383f3877f5d352724b6443 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4323-4985 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dsp_2023_103973 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_dsp_2023_103973 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_dsp_2023_103973 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | May 2023 2023-05-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-05-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2023 text: May 2023 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Digital signal processing |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Inc |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Inc |
| References | Li, Wang, Fan (br0170) 2019; 29 Variani, Lei, McDermott (br0050) 2014 Zue, Seneff, Glass (br0190) 1990; 9 Kabir, Mridha, Shin (br0010) 2021 Sainath, Vinyals, Senior (br0080) 2015 McLaren, Ferrer, Castan (br0040) September 2016 Chung, Nagrani, Zisserman (br0220) 2018 Mallouh, Qawaqneh, Barkana (br0070) 2018; 30 Li, Ma, Jiang (br0130) 2017 Wang, Downey, Wan (br0120) 2018 Nagrani, Chung, Zisserman (br0200) 2017 Dawalatabad, Ravanelli, Grondin (br0030) 2021 Ollerenshaw, Jalal, Hain (br0230) 2022 Hu, Shen, Sun (br0150) 2018 Lei, Scheffer, Ferrer (br0020) 2014 Muckenhirn, Doss, Marcell (br0090) 2018 Dey, Salem (br0140) 2017 Panagiotakos, Haveles, Arjun (br0180) 2019 Snyder, Garcia-Romero, Sell (br0060) 2018 Rahman Chowdhury, Wang, Moreno (br0110) 2018 Panayotov, Chen, Povey (br0210) 2015 Heidari, Faris, Mirjalili (br0100) 2020 Woo, Park, Lee (br0160) 2018 Woo (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0160) 2018 Hu (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0150) 2018 Nagrani (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0200) Li (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0130) Variani (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0050) 2014 Kabir (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0010) 2021 Chung (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0220) Snyder (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0060) 2018 Lei (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0020) 2014 Dawalatabad (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0030) McLaren (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0040) 2016 Mallouh (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0070) 2018; 30 Heidari (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0100) 2020 Wang (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0120) 2018 Zue (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0190) 1990; 9 Sainath (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0080) 2015 Muckenhirn (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0090) 2018 Panayotov (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0210) 2015 Dey (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0140) 2017 Li (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0170) 2019; 29 Panagiotakos (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0180) 2019 Rahman Chowdhury (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0110) 2018 Ollerenshaw (10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0230) |
| References_xml | – start-page: 5239 year: 2018 end-page: 5243 ident: br0120 article-title: Speaker diarization with LSTM publication-title: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) – year: 2017 ident: br0200 article-title: Voxceleb: a large-scale speaker identification dataset – start-page: 4884 year: 2018 end-page: 4888 ident: br0090 article-title: Towards directly modeling raw speech signal for speaker verification using CNNs publication-title: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) – start-page: 79236 year: 2021 end-page: 79263 ident: br0010 article-title: A survey of speaker recognition: fundamental theories, recognition methods and opportunities publication-title: IEEE Access – start-page: 818 year: September 2016 end-page: 822 ident: br0040 article-title: The speakers in the wild (SITW) speaker recognition database publication-title: Interspeech, Conference of the International Speech Communication Association – start-page: 1597 year: 2017 end-page: 1600 ident: br0140 article-title: Gate-variants of gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural networks publication-title: 2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS) – start-page: 8 year: 2019 ident: br0180 article-title: Aberrant calcium channel splicing drives defects in cortical differentiation in Timothy syndrome publication-title: eLife – start-page: 5329 year: 2018 end-page: 5333 ident: br0060 article-title: X-vectors: robust dnn embeddings for speaker recognition publication-title: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) – start-page: 5206 year: 2015 end-page: 5210 ident: br0210 article-title: Librispeech: an asr corpus based on public domain audio books publication-title: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) – start-page: 1695 year: 2014 end-page: 1699 ident: br0020 article-title: A novel scheme for speaker recognition using a phonetically-aware deep neural network publication-title: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) – year: 2022 ident: br0230 article-title: Dynamic kernels and channel attention with multi-layer embedding aggregation for speaker verification – volume: 30 start-page: 2581 year: 2018 end-page: 2593 ident: br0070 article-title: New transformed features generated by deep bottleneck extractor and a GMM–UBM classifier for speaker age and gender classification publication-title: Neural Comput. Appl. – start-page: 5359 year: 2018 end-page: 5363 ident: br0110 article-title: Attention-based models for text-dependent speaker verification publication-title: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) – start-page: 3 year: 2018 end-page: 19 ident: br0160 article-title: Cbam: convolutional block attention module publication-title: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) – start-page: 4580 year: 2015 end-page: 4584 ident: br0080 article-title: Convolutional, long short-term memory, fully connected deep neural networks publication-title: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) – volume: 9 start-page: 351 year: 1990 end-page: 356 ident: br0190 article-title: Speech database development at MIT: timit and beyond publication-title: Speech Commun. – year: 2018 ident: br0220 article-title: Voxceleb2: deep speaker recognition – volume: 29 start-page: 577 year: 2019 end-page: 583 ident: br0170 article-title: Teeth category classification via seven-layer deep convolutional neural network with max pooling and global average pooling publication-title: Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. – start-page: 23 year: 2020 end-page: 46 ident: br0100 article-title: Ant lion optimizer: theory, literature review, and application in multi-layer perceptron neural networks publication-title: Nature-Inspired Optimizers – year: 2017 ident: br0130 article-title: Deep speaker: an end-to-end neural speaker embedding system – start-page: 7132 year: 2018 end-page: 7141 ident: br0150 article-title: Squeeze-and-excitation networks publication-title: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition – year: 2021 ident: br0030 article-title: ECAPA-TDNN embeddings for speaker diarization – start-page: 4052 year: 2014 end-page: 4056 ident: br0050 article-title: Deep neural networks for small footprint text-dependent speaker verification publication-title: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) – start-page: 1695 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0020 article-title: A novel scheme for speaker recognition using a phonetically-aware deep neural network – start-page: 23 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0100 article-title: Ant lion optimizer: theory, literature review, and application in multi-layer perceptron neural networks – ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0200 – start-page: 4052 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0050 article-title: Deep neural networks for small footprint text-dependent speaker verification – ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0030 – start-page: 5239 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0120 article-title: Speaker diarization with LSTM – start-page: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0160 article-title: Cbam: convolutional block attention module – volume: 9 start-page: 351 issue: 4 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0190 article-title: Speech database development at MIT: timit and beyond publication-title: Speech Commun. doi: 10.1016/0167-6393(90)90010-7 – start-page: 79236 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0010 article-title: A survey of speaker recognition: fundamental theories, recognition methods and opportunities publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3084299 – ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0220 – start-page: 5206 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0210 article-title: Librispeech: an asr corpus based on public domain audio books – volume: 29 start-page: 577 issue: 4 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0170 article-title: Teeth category classification via seven-layer deep convolutional neural network with max pooling and global average pooling publication-title: Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. doi: 10.1002/ima.22337 – start-page: 8 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0180 article-title: Aberrant calcium channel splicing drives defects in cortical differentiation in Timothy syndrome publication-title: eLife – volume: 30 start-page: 2581 issue: 8 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0070 article-title: New transformed features generated by deep bottleneck extractor and a GMM–UBM classifier for speaker age and gender classification publication-title: Neural Comput. Appl. doi: 10.1007/s00521-017-2848-4 – start-page: 7132 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0150 article-title: Squeeze-and-excitation networks – start-page: 818 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0040 article-title: The speakers in the wild (SITW) speaker recognition database – start-page: 1597 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0140 article-title: Gate-variants of gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural networks – start-page: 5329 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0060 article-title: X-vectors: robust dnn embeddings for speaker recognition – start-page: 5359 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0110 article-title: Attention-based models for text-dependent speaker verification – ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0230 – start-page: 4580 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0080 article-title: Convolutional, long short-term memory, fully connected deep neural networks – start-page: 4884 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0090 article-title: Towards directly modeling raw speech signal for speaker verification using CNNs – ident: 10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973_br0130 |
| SSID | ssj0007426 |
| Score | 2.354084 |
| Snippet | Deep learning-based voiceprint recognition methods rely heavily on adequate datasets, especially those closer to the natural environment and more complex under... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 103973 |
| SubjectTerms | Attention mechanism Feature fusion Unconstrained datasets Voiceprint recognition |
| Title | Unconstrained vocal pattern recognition algorithm based on attention mechanism |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2023.103973 |
| Volume | 136 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000955179700001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1095-4333 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0007426 issn: 1051-2004 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LT-MwELag7AEOaIFFsC_5sCeqojZJa_uIWFbsClUcQCqnyI5tCIIU2lJ1__3OxI6bsoDgwCWqXGfymM8zX-zxDCE_mDCqnWjdYnEEHyjWJDDmcDca59qCf9dKlpo-Yf0-HwzEqQ8bG5flBFhR8NlM3L2rqqENlI1bZ9-g7iAUGuA3KB2OoHY4vkrx50WGnA9LPwCZnKKvwuypOPHXDOFCGIN8czkc5ZOr2yZ6Mo2rBtjLRT_eGtwRXKUX9OT1Z36JJUaaGPOBQt0eg8r3YVRPGRpwIe9rmAsz0oNcgqGdd57_8fBXDhdFHMtc-ZTgfkYiqsX_eSMKA92ppG5l47qdxAVoV8LkPxPuZhOu9_UY04lG8f6872K67EduLAQXVnFr1ymISFFE6kQsk5WIdQVvkJWD30eDP8Fjs6Qsyxfuu1r9LuMAH93H0_ylxknOPpJ1_zFBDxwINsiSKTbJWi3F5BbpL8CBlnCgHg60Bgca4EBLOFBsquBAAxw-kfNfR2eHxy1fQ6OVRYJNWpHJOlJoyVXUsxLYYM8qLkVbJ7iEyzumI5WG55JYfC62MWfMdjWwchYlCrhyvE0axbAwO4Qqq4WxrK1MHCdKcBjlzFjb6UrbS4B275J29WbSzCeYx6e7SZ_VyC7ZC6fcuewqL3VOqtedenroaF8K0Hn-tM9vucYXsjpH9FfSmIwezDfyIZtO8vHou8fNPzDxhtM |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unconstrained+vocal+pattern+recognition+algorithm+based+on+attention+mechanism&rft.jtitle=Digital+signal+processing&rft.au=Li%2C+Yaqian&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xiaolong&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xuyao&rft.au=Li%2C+Haibin&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft.issn=1051-2004&rft.volume=136&rft.spage=103973&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.dsp.2023.103973&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_dsp_2023_103973 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1051-2004&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1051-2004&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1051-2004&client=summon |