Effective Use of Likert Scales in Visualization Evaluations: A Systematic Review
Likert scales are often used in visualization evaluations to produce quantitative estimates of subjective attributes, such as ease of use or aesthetic appeal. However, the methods used to collect, analyze, and visualize data collected with Likert scales are inconsistent among evaluations in visualiz...
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| Vydáno v: | Computer graphics forum Ročník 41; číslo 3; s. 43 - 55 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2022
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| ISSN: | 0167-7055, 1467-8659 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Abstract | Likert scales are often used in visualization evaluations to produce quantitative estimates of subjective attributes, such as ease of use or aesthetic appeal. However, the methods used to collect, analyze, and visualize data collected with Likert scales are inconsistent among evaluations in visualization papers. In this paper, we examine the use of Likert scales as a tool for measuring subjective response in a systematic review of 134 visualization evaluations published between 2009 and 2019. We find that papers with both objective and subjective measures do not hold the same reporting and analysis standards for both aspects of their evaluation, producing less rigorous work for the subjective qualities measured by Likert scales. Additionally, we demonstrate that many papers are inconsistent in their interpretations of Likert data as discrete or continuous and may even sacrifice statistical power by applying nonparametric tests unnecessarily. Finally, we identify instances where key details about Likert item construction with the potential to bias participant responses are omitted from evaluation methodology reporting, inhibiting the feasibility and reliability of future replication studies. We summarize recommendations from other fields for best practices with Likert data in visualization evaluations, based on the results of our survey. A full copy of this paper and all supplementary material are available at https://osf.io/exbz8/. |
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| AbstractList | Likert scales are often used in visualization evaluations to produce quantitative estimates of subjective attributes, such as ease of use or aesthetic appeal. However, the methods used to collect, analyze, and visualize data collected with Likert scales are inconsistent among evaluations in visualization papers. In this paper, we examine the use of Likert scales as a tool for measuring subjective response in a systematic review of 134 visualization evaluations published between 2009 and 2019. We find that papers with both objective and subjective measures do not hold the same reporting and analysis standards for both aspects of their evaluation, producing less rigorous work for the subjective qualities measured by Likert scales. Additionally, we demonstrate that many papers are inconsistent in their interpretations of Likert data as discrete or continuous and may even sacrifice statistical power by applying nonparametric tests unnecessarily. Finally, we identify instances where key details about Likert item construction with the potential to bias participant responses are omitted from evaluation methodology reporting, inhibiting the feasibility and reliability of future replication studies. We summarize recommendations from other fields for best practices with Likert data in visualization evaluations, based on the results of our survey. A full copy of this paper and all supplementary material are available at https://osf.io/exbz8/. Likert scales are often used in visualization evaluations to produce quantitative estimates of subjective attributes, such as ease of use or aesthetic appeal. However, the methods used to collect, analyze, and visualize data collected with Likert scales are inconsistent among evaluations in visualization papers. In this paper, we examine the use of Likert scales as a tool for measuring subjective response in a systematic review of 134 visualization evaluations published between 2009 and 2019. We find that papers with both objective and subjective measures do not hold the same reporting and analysis standards for both aspects of their evaluation, producing less rigorous work for the subjective qualities measured by Likert scales. Additionally, we demonstrate that many papers are inconsistent in their interpretations of Likert data as discrete or continuous and may even sacrifice statistical power by applying nonparametric tests unnecessarily. Finally, we identify instances where key details about Likert item construction with the potential to bias participant responses are omitted from evaluation methodology reporting, inhibiting the feasibility and reliability of future replication studies. We summarize recommendations from other fields for best practices with Likert data in visualization evaluations, based on the results of our survey. A full copy of this paper and all supplementary material are available at https://osf.io/exbz8/ . |
| Author | Saffo, David Vitek, Olga Borkin, Michelle A. South, Laura Dunne, Cody |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Laura orcidid: 0000-0003-4444-6314 surname: South fullname: South, Laura organization: Northeastern University – sequence: 2 givenname: David orcidid: 0000-0001-9515-048X surname: Saffo fullname: Saffo, David organization: Northeastern University – sequence: 3 givenname: Olga orcidid: 0000-0003-1728-1104 surname: Vitek fullname: Vitek, Olga organization: Northeastern University – sequence: 4 givenname: Cody orcidid: 0000-0002-1609-9776 surname: Dunne fullname: Dunne, Cody organization: Northeastern University – sequence: 5 givenname: Michelle A. orcidid: 0000-0002-8016-355X surname: Borkin fullname: Borkin, Michelle A. organization: Northeastern University |
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| Copyright | 2022 The Author(s) Computer Graphics Forum © 2022 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2022 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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