lambda -Domain Optimal Bit Allocation Algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding

Rate control typically involves two steps: bit allocation and bitrate control. The bit allocation step can be implemented in various fashions depending on how many levels of allocation are desired and whether or not an optimal rate-distortion (R-D) performance is pursued. The bitrate control step ha...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology Vol. 28; no. 1; pp. 130 - 142
Main Authors:	Li, Li, Li, Bin, Li, Houqiang, Chen, Chang Wen
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.01.2018 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Algorithm design and analysis Algorithms Analytical models Bit allocation Bit rate Coding Control algorithms Control theory D-<italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math> </inline-formula> model Distortion Encoding High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) R-<italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math> </inline-formula> model rate control rate–distortion (R-D) analysis Software Streaming media Video coding Video compression
ISSN:	1051-8215, 1558-2205
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Abstract	Rate control typically involves two steps: bit allocation and bitrate control. The bit allocation step can be implemented in various fashions depending on how many levels of allocation are desired and whether or not an optimal rate-distortion (R-D) performance is pursued. The bitrate control step has a simple aim in achieving the target bitrate as precisely as possible. In our recent research, we have developed a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain rate control algorithm that is capable of controlling the bitrate precisely for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The initial research showed that the bitrate control in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain can be more precise than the conventional schemes. However, the simple bit allocation scheme adopted in this initial research is unable to achieve an optimal R-D performance reflecting the inherent R-D characteristics governed by the video content. In order to achieve an optimal R-D performance, the bit allocation algorithms need to be developed taking into account the video content of a given sequence. The key issue in deriving the video-content-guided optimal bit allocation algorithm is to build a suitable R-D model to characterize the R-D behavior of the video content. In this paper, to complement the R-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula> model developed in our initial work, a D-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula> model is properly constructed to complete a comprehensive framework of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain R-D analysis. Based on this comprehensive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain R-D analysis framework, a suite of optimal bit allocation algorithms are developed. In particular, we design both picture-level and basic-unit-level bit allocation algorithms based on the fundamental R-D optimization theory to take full advantage of the content-guided principles. The proposed algorithms are implemented in HEVC reference software, and the experimental results demonstrate that they can achieve an obvious R-D performance improvement with a smaller bitrate control error. The proposed bit allocation algorithms have already been adopted by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding and integrated into the HEVC reference software.
AbstractList	Rate control typically involves two steps: bit allocation and bitrate control. The bit allocation step can be implemented in various fashions depending on how many levels of allocation are desired and whether or not an optimal rate- distortion (R-D) performance is pursued. The bitrate control step has a simple aim in achieving the target bitrate as precisely as possible. In our recent research, we have developed a λ-domain rate control algorithm that is capable of controlling the bitrate precisely for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The initial research showed that the bitrate control in the λ-domain can be more precise than the conventional schemes. However, the simple bit allocation scheme adopted in this initial research is unable to achieve an optimal R-D performance reflecting the inherent R-D characteristics governed by the video content. In order to achieve an optimal R-D performance, the bit allocation algorithms need to be developed taking into account the video content of a given sequence. The key issue in deriving the video-content-guided optimal bit allocation algorithm is to build a suitable R-D model to characterize the R-D behavior of the video content. In this paper, to complement the R-λ model developed in our initial work, a D-λ model is properly constructed to complete a comprehensive framework of λ-domain R-D analysis. Based on this comprehensive λ-domain R-D analysis framework, a suite of optimal bit allocation algorithms are developed. In particular, we design both picture-level and basic-unit-level bit allocation algorithms based on the fundamental R-D optimization theory to take full advantage of the content-guided principles. The proposed algorithms are implemented in HEVC reference software, and the experimental results demonstrate that they can achieve an obvious R-D performance improvement with a smaller bitrate control error. The proposed bit allocation algorithms have already been adopted by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding and integrated into the HEVC reference software. Rate control typically involves two steps: bit allocation and bitrate control. The bit allocation step can be implemented in various fashions depending on how many levels of allocation are desired and whether or not an optimal rate-distortion (R-D) performance is pursued. The bitrate control step has a simple aim in achieving the target bitrate as precisely as possible. In our recent research, we have developed a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain rate control algorithm that is capable of controlling the bitrate precisely for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The initial research showed that the bitrate control in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain can be more precise than the conventional schemes. However, the simple bit allocation scheme adopted in this initial research is unable to achieve an optimal R-D performance reflecting the inherent R-D characteristics governed by the video content. In order to achieve an optimal R-D performance, the bit allocation algorithms need to be developed taking into account the video content of a given sequence. The key issue in deriving the video-content-guided optimal bit allocation algorithm is to build a suitable R-D model to characterize the R-D behavior of the video content. In this paper, to complement the R-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula> model developed in our initial work, a D-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula> model is properly constructed to complete a comprehensive framework of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain R-D analysis. Based on this comprehensive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>-domain R-D analysis framework, a suite of optimal bit allocation algorithms are developed. In particular, we design both picture-level and basic-unit-level bit allocation algorithms based on the fundamental R-D optimization theory to take full advantage of the content-guided principles. The proposed algorithms are implemented in HEVC reference software, and the experimental results demonstrate that they can achieve an obvious R-D performance improvement with a smaller bitrate control error. The proposed bit allocation algorithms have already been adopted by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding and integrated into the HEVC reference software.
Author	Chen, Chang Wen Li, Li Li, Bin Li, Houqiang
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Li surname: Li fullname: Li, Li email: lilimao@mail.ustc.edu.cn organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Bin surname: Li fullname: Li, Bin email: yhlibin@microsoft.com organization: Microsoft Asia, Beijing, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Houqiang orcidid: 0000-0003-2188-3028 surname: Li fullname: Li, Houqiang email: lihq@ustc.edu.cn organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Chang Wen surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Chang Wen email: chencw@buffalo.edu organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Technology in Geo-Spatial Information Processing and Application System, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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SubjectTerms	Algorithm design and analysis Algorithms Analytical models Bit allocation Bit rate Coding Control algorithms Control theory D-<italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math> </inline-formula> model Distortion Encoding High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) R-<italic xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math> </inline-formula> model rate control rate–distortion (R-D) analysis Software Streaming media Video coding Video compression
Title	lambda -Domain Optimal Bit Allocation Algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding
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