TDOA-Based Joint Synchronization and Localization Algorithm for Asynchronous Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a joint synchronization and localization algorithm based on the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) for asynchronous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where the positions of anchors are relatively fixed but unknown. To obtain time synchronization and anchor positions, each anchor br...

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Published in:	IEEE transactions on communications Vol. 68; no. 5; pp. 3107 - 3124
Main Authors:	Wang, Tan, Xiong, Hui, Ding, Hong, Zheng, Linhua
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.05.2020 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Algorithms Anchors blink model Clocks Computer simulation Covariance matrices joint synchronization and localization algorithm Localization Lower bounds Maximum likelihood estimation Message passing Monte Carlo simulation Offsets Parameter estimation Random noise relative clock offset and skew estimation Sensors Synchronization Time synchronization time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) Wireless networks Wireless sensor network Wireless sensor networks
ISSN:	0090-6778, 1558-0857
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Abstract	This paper presents a joint synchronization and localization algorithm based on the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) for asynchronous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where the positions of anchors are relatively fixed but unknown. To obtain time synchronization and anchor positions, each anchor broadcasts signals periodically, while other anchors receive the broadcasting signals and stamp times-of-arrival (TOAs). Based on these TOAs, we estimate the internal clock parameters and anchor positions in three steps: least square estimation (LSE) of the relative clock skew based on TDOAs, maximum likelihood localization (MLE) of anchors using biased time of flight (TOF), and LSE estimation of relative clock offsets. Anchor pairs stamp the TDOAs when a tag (a wireless sensor node that requires localization) transmits a signal. The biased TDOAs, due to asynchronous local clocks, are compensated by relative clock offset estimation. The maximum likelihood estimation is used for the tag localization based on the Gaussian noise model. We evaluate the performance of the proposed synchronization and localization algorithm using the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Simulations are carried out to verify the validity of the algorithm in this paper.
AbstractList	This paper presents a joint synchronization and localization algorithm based on the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) for asynchronous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), where the positions of anchors are relatively fixed but unknown. To obtain time synchronization and anchor positions, each anchor broadcasts signals periodically, while other anchors receive the broadcasting signals and stamp times-of-arrival (TOAs). Based on these TOAs, we estimate the internal clock parameters and anchor positions in three steps: least square estimation (LSE) of the relative clock skew based on TDOAs, maximum likelihood localization (MLE) of anchors using biased time of flight (TOF), and LSE estimation of relative clock offsets. Anchor pairs stamp the TDOAs when a tag (a wireless sensor node that requires localization) transmits a signal. The biased TDOAs, due to asynchronous local clocks, are compensated by relative clock offset estimation. The maximum likelihood estimation is used for the tag localization based on the Gaussian noise model. We evaluate the performance of the proposed synchronization and localization algorithm using the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Simulations are carried out to verify the validity of the algorithm in this paper.
Author	Wang, Tan Ding, Hong Zheng, Linhua Xiong, Hui
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Anchors blink model Clocks Computer simulation Covariance matrices joint synchronization and localization algorithm Localization Lower bounds Maximum likelihood estimation Message passing Monte Carlo simulation Offsets Parameter estimation Random noise relative clock offset and skew estimation Sensors Synchronization Time synchronization time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) Wireless networks Wireless sensor network Wireless sensor networks
Title	TDOA-Based Joint Synchronization and Localization Algorithm for Asynchronous Wireless Sensor Networks
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