STAR-RIS-Assisted Hybrid MIMO mmWave Communications

The simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) has been a promising enabler for the future wireless network due to its full-space coverage capability. In this article, we investigate the STAR-RIS assisted hybrid mmWave multiple-input-multiple-output syst...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE internet of things journal Vol. 11; no. 21; pp. 35141 - 35154
Main Authors: Yang, Xiawei, Liu, Heng, Gong, Shiqi, Wang, Gongpu, Xing, Chengwen
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.11.2024
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Algorithms
Array signal processing
Beamforming
Binary quadratic programming (BQP)
Complexity
Constraints
Coupled modes
Finite element analysis
hybrid analog-digital precoder/combiners
Mathematical programming
Millimeter wave communication
Millimeter waves
Optimization
Phase shift
Protocol
Protocols
Quadratic programming
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS)
Vectors
Wireless networks
ISSN:2327-4662, 2327-4662
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) has been a promising enabler for the future wireless network due to its full-space coverage capability. In this article, we investigate the STAR-RIS assisted hybrid mmWave multiple-input-multiple-output system, where the two practical operating protocols, i.e., energy splitting (ES) and mode switching (MS), and the coupled transmission and reflection (T&R) phase-shift model for the STAR-RIS are considered. For each operating protocol, we aim to maximize the system weighted sum rate (WSR) by jointly optimizing the passive T&R coefficients at the STAR-RIS and the hybrid analog-digital precoder/combiners, subject to the discrete phase shift constraints. Specifically, we propose an efficient weighted minimum mean-square error based alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to address this highly coupled nonconvex problem. By leveraging the special ordered set of type 1 under the MS protocol, the optimization of both the discrete T&R coefficients and analog precoder/combiners can be equivalently transformed into the standard binary quadratic programming, which can be effectively solved by the mathematical programming with the equilibrium constraints-based exact penalty algorithm. The proposed penalty-based AO algorithm is also applicable to the WSR maximization under the ES protocol. In addition, to avoid high-complexity iterative process wherever possible, we develop a separate analog-digital beamforming scheme, where a fast projection-based gradient descent algorithm is applied to successively optimize discrete T&R coefficients and analog precoder/combiners to maximize the effective channel gain, and then the optimal digital precoder/combiners are obtained in semi-closed forms. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the superior WSR performance and complexity advantage of the proposed algorithms over the existing benchmark schemes.
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ISSN:2327-4662
2327-4662
DOI:10.1109/JIOT.2024.3436831