STAR-RIS-Assisted Hybrid MIMO mmWave Communications

The simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) has been a promising enabler for the future wireless network due to its full-space coverage capability. In this article, we investigate the STAR-RIS assisted hybrid mmWave multiple-input-multiple-output syst...

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Vydané v:	IEEE internet of things journal Ročník 11; číslo 21; s. 35141 - 35154
Hlavní autori:	Yang, Xiawei, Liu, Heng, Gong, Shiqi, Wang, Gongpu, Xing, Chengwen
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Piscataway IEEE 01.11.2024 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Predmet:	Algorithms Array signal processing Beamforming Binary quadratic programming (BQP) Complexity Constraints Coupled modes Finite element analysis hybrid analog-digital precoder/combiners Mathematical programming Millimeter wave communication Millimeter waves Optimization Phase shift Protocol Protocols Quadratic programming Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) Vectors Wireless networks
ISSN:	2327-4662, 2327-4662
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Abstract	The simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) has been a promising enabler for the future wireless network due to its full-space coverage capability. In this article, we investigate the STAR-RIS assisted hybrid mmWave multiple-input-multiple-output system, where the two practical operating protocols, i.e., energy splitting (ES) and mode switching (MS), and the coupled transmission and reflection (T&R) phase-shift model for the STAR-RIS are considered. For each operating protocol, we aim to maximize the system weighted sum rate (WSR) by jointly optimizing the passive T&R coefficients at the STAR-RIS and the hybrid analog-digital precoder/combiners, subject to the discrete phase shift constraints. Specifically, we propose an efficient weighted minimum mean-square error based alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to address this highly coupled nonconvex problem. By leveraging the special ordered set of type 1 under the MS protocol, the optimization of both the discrete T&R coefficients and analog precoder/combiners can be equivalently transformed into the standard binary quadratic programming, which can be effectively solved by the mathematical programming with the equilibrium constraints-based exact penalty algorithm. The proposed penalty-based AO algorithm is also applicable to the WSR maximization under the ES protocol. In addition, to avoid high-complexity iterative process wherever possible, we develop a separate analog-digital beamforming scheme, where a fast projection-based gradient descent algorithm is applied to successively optimize discrete T&R coefficients and analog precoder/combiners to maximize the effective channel gain, and then the optimal digital precoder/combiners are obtained in semi-closed forms. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the superior WSR performance and complexity advantage of the proposed algorithms over the existing benchmark schemes.
AbstractList	The simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) has been a promising enabler for the future wireless network due to its full-space coverage capability. In this article, we investigate the STAR-RIS assisted hybrid mmWave multiple-input-multiple-output system, where the two practical operating protocols, i.e., energy splitting (ES) and mode switching (MS), and the coupled transmission and reflection (T&R) phase-shift model for the STAR-RIS are considered. For each operating protocol, we aim to maximize the system weighted sum rate (WSR) by jointly optimizing the passive T&R coefficients at the STAR-RIS and the hybrid analog-digital precoder/combiners, subject to the discrete phase shift constraints. Specifically, we propose an efficient weighted minimum mean-square error based alternating optimization (AO) algorithm to address this highly coupled nonconvex problem. By leveraging the special ordered set of type 1 under the MS protocol, the optimization of both the discrete T&R coefficients and analog precoder/combiners can be equivalently transformed into the standard binary quadratic programming, which can be effectively solved by the mathematical programming with the equilibrium constraints-based exact penalty algorithm. The proposed penalty-based AO algorithm is also applicable to the WSR maximization under the ES protocol. In addition, to avoid high-complexity iterative process wherever possible, we develop a separate analog-digital beamforming scheme, where a fast projection-based gradient descent algorithm is applied to successively optimize discrete T&R coefficients and analog precoder/combiners to maximize the effective channel gain, and then the optimal digital precoder/combiners are obtained in semi-closed forms. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the superior WSR performance and complexity advantage of the proposed algorithms over the existing benchmark schemes.
Author	Gong, Shiqi Yang, Xiawei Wang, Gongpu Xing, Chengwen Liu, Heng
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Array signal processing Beamforming Binary quadratic programming (BQP) Complexity Constraints Coupled modes Finite element analysis hybrid analog-digital precoder/combiners Mathematical programming Millimeter wave communication Millimeter waves Optimization Phase shift Protocol Protocols Quadratic programming Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) Vectors Wireless networks
Title	STAR-RIS-Assisted Hybrid MIMO mmWave Communications
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