Modeling Lean and Agile Approaches: A Western Canadian Forest Company Case Study

In the forest supply chain of the coast of British Columbia, the material flows are directed toward the push production of commodity products. This industry has not adopted lean and agile principles due to unclear economic impacts on the supply chain in changing market conditions. We tested the abil...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Forests Vol. 9; no. 9; p. 529
Main Authors:	Vergara, Francisco P., Palma, Cristian D., Nelson, John
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	31.08.2018
Subjects:	British Columbia case studies coasts economic impact forest industries forests manufacturing markets planning supply chain British Columbia
ISSN:	1999-4907, 1999-4907
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	In the forest supply chain of the coast of British Columbia, the material flows are directed toward the push production of commodity products. This industry has not adopted lean and agile principles due to unclear economic impacts on the supply chain in changing market conditions. We tested the ability of lean and agile principles to improve performance in the coastal integrated forest industry. Mixed integer programming formulations were subject to over–under production capacity, and over–under demand fulfillment penalties to emulate agile, lean, and hybrid manufacturing environments, when solving the planning problem. Assuming that the coastal integrated forest industry performs as a hybrid environment, the profit results of each manufacturing environment were judged. The results show that, opportunities for profit improvement were 11% for adopting an agile environment when demand was stable with low variation and large batches of production. However, profit improvement was non-existent when the same demand attributes apply but with high variation. The opportunities for profit improvement were 12% when an agile environment or lean environment was adopted when demand was stable with low variation and small batches of production. However, opportunities for profit improvements of 15% existed for adopting an agile environment when demand was unstable with high variation and small batches of production.
AbstractList	In the forest supply chain of the coast of British Columbia, the material flows are directed toward the push production of commodity products. This industry has not adopted lean and agile principles due to unclear economic impacts on the supply chain in changing market conditions. We tested the ability of lean and agile principles to improve performance in the coastal integrated forest industry. Mixed integer programming formulations were subject to over–under production capacity, and over–under demand fulfillment penalties to emulate agile, lean, and hybrid manufacturing environments, when solving the planning problem. Assuming that the coastal integrated forest industry performs as a hybrid environment, the profit results of each manufacturing environment were judged. The results show that, opportunities for profit improvement were 11% for adopting an agile environment when demand was stable with low variation and large batches of production. However, profit improvement was non-existent when the same demand attributes apply but with high variation. The opportunities for profit improvement were 12% when an agile environment or lean environment was adopted when demand was stable with low variation and small batches of production. However, opportunities for profit improvements of 15% existed for adopting an agile environment when demand was unstable with high variation and small batches of production.
Author	Vergara, Francisco P. Palma, Cristian D. Nelson, John
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Francisco P. surname: Vergara fullname: Vergara, Francisco P. – sequence: 2 givenname: Cristian D. orcidid: 0000-0001-9563-7773 surname: Palma fullname: Palma, Cristian D. – sequence: 3 givenname: John surname: Nelson fullname: Nelson, John
BookMark	eNplkE9LxDAQxYMouK4LfoQcvXSdJtm28VaKq8KKgorHkjaTNdJNatI97Le3sv4D5zLD4zePxzshh847JOQshTnnEi6MBAkLJg_IJJVSJkJCfvjnPiazGN9gnEVeSCYm5OHOa-ysW9MVKkeV07Rc2w5p2ffBq_YV4yUt6QvGAYOjlXJK2xFc-jBKtPKbXrndqEekj8NW707JkVFdxNnXnpLn5dVTdZOs7q9vq3KVtEyKIVGFyXluQDEmc841b5rCNMI0mdaGMeAZ02B0wfIFbxAEY5lG1AIyAZiJhk_J-d53jPm-HbPUGxtb7Drl0G9jzViRSUhzDiM636Nt8DEGNHVrBzVY74agbFenUH-2V3-39-v989AHu1Fh9x_9AGs1byE
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_3390_f15020297 crossref_primary_10_3390_f12060781 crossref_primary_10_1080_00207543_2025_2496974
Cites_doi	10.1108/01443570910993456 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2010.05.002 10.1016/j.jom.2005.11.011 10.1186/2251-712X-8-19 10.1108/13598540210438935 10.1108/09574099710805664 10.1108/01443570410514867 10.1002/j.2158-1592.2006.tb00241.x 10.1108/09574090410700310 10.1108/09600030110394914 10.1139/x04-154 10.1108/SCM-01-2013-0015 10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00222-9 10.1108/01443570710750277 10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00110-8 10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.09.009 10.1287/mnsc.29.10.1126 10.1016/S0925-5273(03)00109-9 10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00223-0 10.1016/j.cie.2011.10.003 10.1016/j.ejor.2004.12.005 10.1108/09574099910805969 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601026
ContentType	Journal Article
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 7S9 L.6
DOI	10.3390/f9090529
DatabaseName	CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	AGRICOLA CrossRef
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Forestry
EISSN	1999-4907
ExternalDocumentID	10_3390_f9090529
GeographicLocations	British Columbia
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: British Columbia
GroupedDBID	5VS 7X2 7XC 8FE 8FH AADQD AAFWJ AAHBH AAYXX ADBBV AENEX AEUYN AFFHD AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS APEBS ATCPS BANNL BCNDV BENPR BHPHI BKSAR CCPQU CITATION ECGQY EDH HCIFZ IAO IEP IPNFZ ITG ITH KQ8 LK5 M0K M7R MODMG M~E OK1 PATMY PCBAR PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PROAC PYCSY RIG TR2 7S9 L.6
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c294t-a8f737f0a229733d3bb8fb4fb6ddf220362d0fd82753be04226deed40640e64b3
ISICitedReferencesCount	3
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000448398100025&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1999-4907
IngestDate	Sun Nov 09 13:35:30 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:38:42 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:18:02 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	false
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	9
Language	English
LinkModel	OpenURL
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c294t-a8f737f0a229733d3bb8fb4fb6ddf220362d0fd82753be04226deed40640e64b3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ORCID	0000-0001-9563-7773
OpenAccessLink	https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/9/529/pdf?version=1535680075
PQID	2286901730
PQPubID	24069
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_2286901730 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_f9090529 crossref_primary_10_3390_f9090529
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2018-08-31
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2018-08-31
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 08 year: 2018 text: 2018-08-31 day: 31
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationTitle	Forests
PublicationYear	2018
References	Paine (ref_16) 2004; 15 Huang (ref_9) 2002; 7 ref_14 Goldsby (ref_1) 2006; 27 ref_11 ref_10 Qrunfleh (ref_28) 2013; 18 (ref_8) 2011; 348 Krishnamurthy (ref_30) 2007; 27 Christopher (ref_6) 2000; 29 Carvalho (ref_21) 2012; 62 Towill (ref_18) 1999; 10 Naim (ref_17) 1997; 8 Christopher (ref_20) 2001; 31 Hung (ref_13) 2000; 51 Stratton (ref_27) 2003; 85 ref_24 Babazadeh (ref_7) 2012; 8 Narasimhan (ref_26) 2006; 24 Salehirad (ref_23) 2005; 34 Gunasekaran (ref_4) 1999; 62 Billington (ref_12) 1983; 29 ref_29 Hallgren (ref_2) 2009; 29 Bruce (ref_19) 2004; 24 Naylor (ref_3) 1999; 62 Haartveit (ref_22) 2004; 1 Aldulmalek (ref_15) 2007; 107 ref_5 Agarwal (ref_25) 2006; 173
References_xml	– volume: 29 start-page: 976 year: 2009 ident: ref_2 article-title: Lean and agile manufacturing: External and internal drivers and performance outcomes publication-title: Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. doi: 10.1108/01443570910993456 – volume: 348 start-page: 1506 year: 2011 ident: ref_8 article-title: Handling multi-lean measures with simulation and simulating annealing publication-title: J. Frankl. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.jfranklin.2010.05.002 – ident: ref_5 – ident: ref_24 – volume: 24 start-page: 440 year: 2006 ident: ref_26 article-title: Disentangling leanness and agility: An empirical investigation publication-title: J. Oper. Manag. doi: 10.1016/j.jom.2005.11.011 – volume: 8 start-page: 8 year: 2012 ident: ref_7 article-title: Supply chain network design problem for a new market opportunity in an agile manufacturing system publication-title: J. Ind. Eng. Int. doi: 10.1186/2251-712X-8-19 – ident: ref_11 – volume: 7 start-page: 189 year: 2002 ident: ref_9 article-title: A products driven approach to manufacturing supply chain selection publication-title: Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. doi: 10.1108/13598540210438935 – volume: 8 start-page: 47 year: 1997 ident: ref_17 article-title: The impact of pipeline control on supply chain dynamics publication-title: Int. J. Logist. Manag. doi: 10.1108/09574099710805664 – volume: 24 start-page: 151 year: 2004 ident: ref_19 article-title: Lean or agile, a solution for supply chain management in the textiles and clothing industry? publication-title: Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. doi: 10.1108/01443570410514867 – ident: ref_14 – volume: 27 start-page: 57 year: 2006 ident: ref_1 article-title: Modeling lean, agile and leagile supply chain strategies publication-title: J. Bus. Logist. doi: 10.1002/j.2158-1592.2006.tb00241.x – volume: 15 start-page: 77 year: 2004 ident: ref_16 article-title: What is the right supply chain for your products? publication-title: Int. J. Logist. Manag. doi: 10.1108/09574090410700310 – volume: 31 start-page: 235 year: 2001 ident: ref_20 article-title: An integrated model for the design of agile supply chains publication-title: Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. doi: 10.1108/09600030110394914 – volume: 34 start-page: 285 year: 2005 ident: ref_23 article-title: Performance of primary wood producers in British Columbia using data envelopment analysis publication-title: Can. J. For. Res. doi: 10.1139/x04-154 – volume: 18 start-page: 571 year: 2013 ident: ref_28 article-title: Lean and agile supply chain strategies and supply chain responsiveness: The role of strategic supplier partnership and postponement publication-title: Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. doi: 10.1108/SCM-01-2013-0015 – volume: 62 start-page: 87 year: 1999 ident: ref_4 article-title: Agile manufacturing: A framework for research and development publication-title: Int. J. Prod. Econ. doi: 10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00222-9 – volume: 27 start-page: 588 year: 2007 ident: ref_30 article-title: Leagile manufacturing: A proposed corporate infrastructure publication-title: Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. doi: 10.1108/01443570710750277 – volume: 29 start-page: 37 year: 2000 ident: ref_6 article-title: The Agile Supply Chain Competing in Volatile Markets publication-title: Ind. Mark. Manag. doi: 10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00110-8 – ident: ref_29 – volume: 107 start-page: 223 year: 2007 ident: ref_15 article-title: Analyzing the benefits of lean manufacturing and value stream mapping via simulation: A process sector case study publication-title: Int. J. Prod. Econ. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.09.009 – ident: ref_10 – volume: 29 start-page: 1126 year: 1983 ident: ref_12 article-title: Mathematical programming approaches to capacity-constrained MRP systems: Review, formulation and problem reduction publication-title: Manag. Sci. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.29.10.1126 – volume: 85 start-page: 183 year: 2003 ident: ref_27 article-title: The strategic integration of agile and lean supply publication-title: Int. J. Prod. Econ. doi: 10.1016/S0925-5273(03)00109-9 – volume: 62 start-page: 107 year: 1999 ident: ref_3 article-title: Leagility: Integrating the lean and agile manufacturing paradigms in the total supply chain publication-title: Int. J. Prod. Econ. doi: 10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00223-0 – volume: 62 start-page: 329 year: 2012 ident: ref_21 article-title: Supply chain redesign for resilence using simulation publication-title: Comput. Ind. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2011.10.003 – volume: 173 start-page: 211 year: 2006 ident: ref_25 article-title: Modeling the metrics of lean, agile and leagile supply chain: An ANP-based approach publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2004.12.005 – volume: 1 start-page: 1 year: 2004 ident: ref_22 article-title: Supply chain management mapping for the forest products industry: Three cases from western Canada publication-title: J. For. Prod. Bus. Res. – volume: 10 start-page: 13 year: 1999 ident: ref_18 article-title: Using the information decoupling point to improve supply chain performance publication-title: Int. J. Logist. Manag. doi: 10.1108/09574099910805969 – volume: 51 start-page: 1309 year: 2000 ident: ref_13 article-title: A multi-class multi-level capacitated lot sizing model publication-title: J. Oper. Res. Soc. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601026
SSID	ssj0000578924
Score	2.1167426
Snippet	In the forest supply chain of the coast of British Columbia, the material flows are directed toward the push production of commodity products. This industry...
SourceID	proquest crossref
SourceType	Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database
StartPage	529
SubjectTerms	British Columbia case studies coasts economic impact forest industries forests manufacturing markets planning supply chain
Title	Modeling Lean and Agile Approaches: A Western Canadian Forest Company Case Study
URI	https://www.proquest.com/docview/2286901730
Volume	9
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000448398100025&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4907 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000578924 issn: 1999-4907 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20100101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Agricultural Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4907 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000578924 issn: 1999-4907 databaseCode: M0K dateStart: 20100301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4907 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000578924 issn: 1999-4907 databaseCode: PCBAR dateStart: 20100301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eaasdb providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Environmental Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4907 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000578924 issn: 1999-4907 databaseCode: PATMY dateStart: 20100301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4907 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000578924 issn: 1999-4907 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20100301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1999-4907 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000578924 issn: 1999-4907 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20100301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3da9swEBdpMkZfRvfF2q5Bg7E9DDN_KLG0tyykbCzxzHBH-mRkWR6F4qRJWrr_fneWpSyQh-5hL3aQhWzup5xOd6f7EfJWDmGSqEB5XEnpYUUvT4Sy9GI_joNASyZ82ZBNxEnC53ORdjruFP_ddVzX_P5eLP8r1NAGYOPR2X-A2w0KDfAbQIcrwA7XBwGP7GbNGfMpOtnRLz76BX99tDeb01MmCQ70gamR8MHVJ0CWzvXGJQGMYX1r0gx3Ar-mkzPEf2rkyZXWBFZXa7XYHhlDcpbm2diqEpdfnGhbJtIlA7e-h4BbZ6pTl1jDAOA0S6be09bqWPHXVBL7NHcUCUx1rIQvMPa4XZ1sRD75np9fTKd5Npln75Y3HvKGYXy9JVE5IL0wHgjeJb10lM0unZ8N7FEuDLex_TBTgxjf-NG-b9cq2V2UG0sjOyJP2i0CHRlon5KOrp-Rx0bwq9_PSWoRpogwBYRpgzDdIvyJjmiLL7X4UjMCbfGliC9t8H1BLs4n2fiL1xJjeCoUbONJXsVRXPkyROaxqIyKglcFq4phWVYhhpbD0q9KDhKJCo1V3oYl2EIMo7Z6yIroJenWi1q_IlQPGIMNFmhmKRmOwwLB1SAqwbITLFLH5L0VTK7aqvFIXnKdw-4RRZhbER6TN67n0lRK2dfHyjYHNYaxKVnrxe06D8OGGg3Wm5MH9Dklh9vp-Jp0N6tbfUYeqbvN1XrVJ73PkyT90ScHM_9bv50QeP86Sy__ALdQa_A
linkProvider	ProQuest
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Modeling+Lean+and+Agile+Approaches%3A+A+Western+Canadian+Forest+Company+Case+Study&rft.jtitle=Forests&rft.au=Vergara%2C+Francisco+P&rft.au=Palma%2C+Cristian+D&rft.au=Nelson%2C+John&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft.issn=1999-4907&rft.eissn=1999-4907&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Ff9090529&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1999-4907&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1999-4907&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1999-4907&client=summon