Angular Patterns of Bistatic Scattering from Gamma-Distributed Rough Surfaces
We analyze the bistatic scattering of a gamma-distributed rough surface to explore the scattering properties in the context of polar angular patterns and specular angular beamwidth as a dependence on degree of non-Gaussianity. We focus on the incoherent scattering because of its importance in remote...
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| Vydáno v: | IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Ročník 62; s. 1 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
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IEEE
01.01.2024
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
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| ISSN: | 0196-2892, 1558-0644 |
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| Abstract | We analyze the bistatic scattering of a gamma-distributed rough surface to explore the scattering properties in the context of polar angular patterns and specular angular beamwidth as a dependence on degree of non-Gaussianity. We focus on the incoherent scattering because of its importance in remote sensing of rough surfaces, e.g., soil and sea ice. We use a 3dB angular width, the width of the range of scattering angle, as a measure of angular broadening and dropping-off of the scattered power. Some insights into the physical significance are perceived. For the co-polarized scattering in the incident plane, as the skewness and kurtosis of Gamma height probability density (HPD) surface decreases, the scattering becomes narrower and concentrates more at the specular direction and has a faster decay than in the Gaussian surface at large angles. As the shape parameters increase, the incoherent scattering concentrates more at 0° of scattering angle for the cross-polarized scattering in the cross-plane. The narrow 3dB angular-width is located at the larger shape parameters (or low skewness and kurtosis) with a small to moderate RMS height. The overall 3 dB angular width of the exponential power spectral density (PSD) surface is smaller than the Gaussian PSD surface. This study reveals that angular broadening is narrower, and the dropping-off of the scattered power is more significant for Gamma height distributed and exponential-correlated surfaces than the Gaussian surface. |
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| AbstractList | We analyze the bistatic scattering of a gamma-distributed rough surface to explore the scattering properties in the context of polar angular patterns and specular angular beamwidth as a dependence on degree of non-Gaussianity. We focus on the incoherent scattering because of its importance in remote sensing of rough surfaces, e.g., soil and sea ice. We use a 3dB angular width, the width of the range of scattering angle, as a measure of angular broadening and dropping-off of the scattered power. Some insights into the physical significance are perceived. For the co-polarized scattering in the incident plane, as the skewness and kurtosis of Gamma height probability density (HPD) surface decreases, the scattering becomes narrower and concentrates more at the specular direction and has a faster decay than in the Gaussian surface at large angles. As the shape parameters increase, the incoherent scattering concentrates more at 0° of scattering angle for the cross-polarized scattering in the cross-plane. The narrow 3dB angular-width is located at the larger shape parameters (or low skewness and kurtosis) with a small to moderate RMS height. The overall 3 dB angular width of the exponential power spectral density (PSD) surface is smaller than the Gaussian PSD surface. This study reveals that angular broadening is narrower, and the dropping-off of the scattered power is more significant for Gamma height distributed and exponential-correlated surfaces than the Gaussian surface. We analyze the bistatic scattering of a gamma-distributed rough surface to explore the scattering properties in the context of polar angular patterns and specular angular beamwidth as a dependence on the degree of non-Gaussianity. We focus on the incoherent scattering because of its importance in remote sensing of rough surfaces, e.g., soil and sea ice. We use a 3 dB angular width, the width of the range of scattering angle, as a measure of angular broadening and dropping-off of the scattered power. Some insights into the physical significance are perceived. For the co-polarized scattering in the incident plane, as the skewness and kurtosis of Gamma height probability density (HPD) surface decreases, the scattering becomes narrower and concentrates more at the specular direction and has a faster decay than in the Gaussian surface at large angles. As the shape parameters increase, the incoherent scattering concentrates more at 0° of scattering angle for the cross-polarized scattering in the cross-plane. The narrow 3 dB angular width is located at the larger shape parameters (or low skewness and kurtosis) with a small to moderate root mean square (rms) height. The overall 3 dB angular width of the exponential power spectral density (PSD) surface is smaller than the Gaussian PSD surface. This study reveals that angular broadening is narrower, and the dropping-off of the scattered power is more significant for Gamma height distributed and exponential-correlated surfaces than the Gaussian surface. |
| Author | Yang, Ying Chen, Kun-Shan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ying orcidid: 0000-0003-4287-8420 surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Ying organization: Institute of Space Earth Science, Nanjing University, Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Kun-Shan orcidid: 0000-0001-7698-9861 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Kun-Shan organization: Institute of Space Earth Science, Nanjing University, Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, China |
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| References | ref13 ref15 ref14 Tsang (ref11) 1985 ref30 Satheesh (ref2) 2005; 9 ref17 ref16 ref19 ref18 Ulaby (ref10) 1982 ref24 ref23 ref26 ref25 Fung (ref12) 1994 ref20 ref22 ref21 ref28 ref27 ref29 ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 Longuet-Higgins (ref1) 1952; 11 |
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| SubjectTerms | 3 dB angular-width bistatic scattering Gamma height distribution Height Incoherent scattering Kurtosis Optical surface waves Parameters Power spectral density Probability theory Remote sensing Rough surface Rough surfaces Scattering Scattering angle Sea ice Sea surface Shape Skewness Surface roughness Surface treatment Surface waves |
| Title | Angular Patterns of Bistatic Scattering from Gamma-Distributed Rough Surfaces |
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