High Throughput and Hardware Efficient Hybrid LDPC Decoder Using Bit-Serial Stochastic Updating
Hybrid low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding combines conventional Belief-Propagation (BP) algorithm with stochastic decoding to achieve high performance and low complexity simultaneously. However, lossy and inefficient stochastic-to-binary (S2B) conversion brings extra performance degradation an...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers Jg. 70; H. 9; S. 1 - 12 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
IEEE
01.09.2023
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 1549-8328, 1558-0806 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Hybrid low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding combines conventional Belief-Propagation (BP) algorithm with stochastic decoding to achieve high performance and low complexity simultaneously. However, lossy and inefficient stochastic-to-binary (S2B) conversion brings extra performance degradation and decoding latency. In this paper, a bit-serial stochastic updating based hybrid decoding (BSSU-HD) is proposed, which employs fully correlated stochastic (FCS) check nodes (CNs) and probability tracers assisted variable nodes (VNs) to accomplish accurate and efficient S2B conversion. Two strategies, including random source selection and tracing speed switching, are proposed to further improve performance and convergence. A BSSU LDPC decoder for IEEE 802.3an is designed in a 65-nm CMOS process, which occupies 4.6 mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^2</tex-math> </inline-formula> silicon area and achieves a throughput of 200.8 Gb/s at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">E_b/N_0 = 4.4</tex-math> </inline-formula> dB with 500 MHz clock frequency from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The power and energy efficiency are 2.933 W and 14.61 pJ/bit, respectively. To the best of our known, it achieves the best decoding performance, the highest throughput and hardware efficiency among state-of-the-art IEEE 802.3an LDPC decoders. We also verify that the BSSU-HD can achieve better performance for multi-rate 5th generation (5G) New Ratio (NR) LDPC codes than conventional algorithm, which greatly extends the application of the stochastic decoding. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Hybrid low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding combines conventional Belief-Propagation (BP) algorithm with stochastic decoding to achieve high performance and low complexity simultaneously. However, lossy and inefficient stochastic-to-binary (S2B) conversion brings extra performance degradation and decoding latency. In this paper, a bit-serial stochastic updating based hybrid decoding (BSSU-HD) is proposed, which employs fully correlated stochastic (FCS) check nodes (CNs) and probability tracers assisted variable nodes (VNs) to accomplish accurate and efficient S2B conversion. Two strategies, including random source selection and tracing speed switching, are proposed to further improve performance and convergence. A BSSU LDPC decoder for IEEE 802.3an is designed in a 65-nm CMOS process, which occupies 4.6 mm2 silicon area and achieves a throughput of 200.8 Gb/s at [Formula Omitted] dB with 500 MHz clock frequency from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The power and energy efficiency are 2.933 W and 14.61 pJ/bit, respectively. To the best of our known, it achieves the best decoding performance, the highest throughput and hardware efficiency among state-of-the-art IEEE 802.3an LDPC decoders. We also verify that the BSSU-HD can achieve better performance for multi-rate 5th generation (5G) New Ratio (NR) LDPC codes than conventional algorithm, which greatly extends the application of the stochastic decoding. Hybrid low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding combines conventional Belief-Propagation (BP) algorithm with stochastic decoding to achieve high performance and low complexity simultaneously. However, lossy and inefficient stochastic-to-binary (S2B) conversion brings extra performance degradation and decoding latency. In this paper, a bit-serial stochastic updating based hybrid decoding (BSSU-HD) is proposed, which employs fully correlated stochastic (FCS) check nodes (CNs) and probability tracers assisted variable nodes (VNs) to accomplish accurate and efficient S2B conversion. Two strategies, including random source selection and tracing speed switching, are proposed to further improve performance and convergence. A BSSU LDPC decoder for IEEE 802.3an is designed in a 65-nm CMOS process, which occupies 4.6 mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^2</tex-math> </inline-formula> silicon area and achieves a throughput of 200.8 Gb/s at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">E_b/N_0 = 4.4</tex-math> </inline-formula> dB with 500 MHz clock frequency from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The power and energy efficiency are 2.933 W and 14.61 pJ/bit, respectively. To the best of our known, it achieves the best decoding performance, the highest throughput and hardware efficiency among state-of-the-art IEEE 802.3an LDPC decoders. We also verify that the BSSU-HD can achieve better performance for multi-rate 5th generation (5G) New Ratio (NR) LDPC codes than conventional algorithm, which greatly extends the application of the stochastic decoding. |
| Author | Hu, Jianhao Zhu, Yubin Wang, Fujie Han, Kaining Shen, Guodong Hu, Shuai |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Shuai orcidid: 0000-0003-2076-2873 surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Shuai organization: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Kaining orcidid: 0000-0003-0032-5641 surname: Han fullname: Han, Kaining organization: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yubin orcidid: 0000-0001-7327-0595 surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Yubin organization: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Guodong surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Guodong organization: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Fujie surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Fujie organization: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Jianhao orcidid: 0000-0003-1380-5513 surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Jianhao organization: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China |
| BookMark | eNp9kE1rAjEQhkOxULX9AYUeAj2vzccmZo_taruC0IJ6DtnsRCN212YjxX_fFT2UHnqagXmfmeEZoF7d1IDQPSUjSkn2tMwXsxEjjI84U4QReoX6VAiVEEVk79SnWaK62Q0atO2WEJYRTvtIF369wctNaA7rzf4QsakrXJhQfZsAeOqctx7qiItjGXyF55OPHE_ANhUEvGp9vcYvPiYLCN7s8CI2dmPa6C1e7SsTu_EtunZm18LdpQ7R6nW6zItk_v42y5_niWVZGhMKmQCeOpAZcKokk2kpMzl2lbOK0FQ4OeYlMG6JEkY5x4UwoiwlM6SE0vEhejzv3Yfm6wBt1NvmEOrupGZKqLFglKVdanxO2dC0bQCnrY_dn00dg_E7TYk-2dQnm_pkU19sdiT9Q-6D_zTh-C_zcGY8APzK05RnSvIfZN-Brg |
| CODEN | ITCSCH |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_itl2_539 crossref_primary_10_3390_e27040359 crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2024_3443193 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVLSI_2024_3488716 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2024_3389040 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4959645 10.1109/TCSII.2016.2535038 10.1109/TCSI.2020.3003457 10.1109/TCOMM.2004.836563 10.1109/ISCAS51556.2021.9401329 10.1049/el:19961141 10.1109/TCOMM.2005.861668 10.1007/s00034-019-01107-z 10.1109/TCOMM.2005.852852 10.1109/TSP.2011.2163630 10.1109/TCOMM.2013.021913.120149 10.1109/APCCAS.2012.6419075 10.1007/978-1-4899-5841-9_2 10.1109/26.768759 10.1109/ICCD.2013.6657023 10.1109/TIT.1962.1057683 10.1109/TCSI.2022.3179282 10.1109/TCSI.2014.2312479 10.1109/ICCD.2006.4380835 10.1109/26.990903 10.23919/DATE.2017.7927069 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2042255 10.1109/TSP.2017.2725221 10.1109/TSP.2008.929671 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023 |
| DBID | 97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M |
| DOI | 10.1109/TCSI.2023.3280201 |
| DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) - NZ CrossRef Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Electronics & Communications Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | Technology Research Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) - NZ url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1558-0806 |
| EndPage | 12 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1109_TCSI_2023_3280201 10143986 |
| Genre | orig-research |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: National key Research and Development Plan grantid: 2020YFB1807401 – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China grantid: 62001277 funderid: 10.13039/501100001809 |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 29I 4.4 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACIWK AGQYO AHBIQ AKJIK AKQYR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ EBS HZ~ H~9 IFIPE IPLJI JAVBF M43 O9- OCL PZZ RIA RIE RNS 5VS AAYXX AETIX AGSQL AIBXA CITATION EJD VJK 7SP 8FD L7M |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c294t-1e95e34fe69e3186264b6967fdfc80145f673be23c085a8ff355a5bb62a0bebf3 |
| IEDL.DBID | RIE |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 7 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001006601300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1549-8328 |
| IngestDate | Mon Jun 30 05:55:02 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:35:24 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:23:58 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:57:13 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 9 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c294t-1e95e34fe69e3186264b6967fdfc80145f673be23c085a8ff355a5bb62a0bebf3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1380-5513 0000-0001-7327-0595 0000-0003-2076-2873 0000-0003-0032-5641 |
| PQID | 2858752124 |
| PQPubID | 85411 |
| PageCount | 12 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2858752124 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TCSI_2023_3280201 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2023_3280201 ieee_primary_10143986 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2023-09-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-09-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2023 text: 2023-09-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | New York |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: New York |
| PublicationTitle | IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | TCSI |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| Publisher | IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| References | ref13 ref12 ref15 ref14 wiberg (ref3) 1996 ref11 ref10 ref2 ref1 ref17 ref16 ref19 ref18 rapley (ref9) 2003 ref24 ref23 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref22 ref21 ref8 ref7 ref4 ref6 ref5 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2009.4959645 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2016.2535038 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2020.3003457 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2004.836563 – start-page: 507 year: 2003 ident: ref9 article-title: Stochastic iterative decoding on factor graphs publication-title: Proc 3rd Int Symp on Turbo Codes & Related Topics – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/ISCAS51556.2021.9401329 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1049/el:19961141 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2005.861668 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1007/s00034-019-01107-z – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2005.852852 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2011.2163630 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2013.021913.120149 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/APCCAS.2012.6419075 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-5841-9_2 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/26.768759 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1109/ICCD.2013.6657023 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1109/TIT.1962.1057683 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2022.3179282 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2014.2312479 – year: 1996 ident: ref3 publication-title: Codes and decoding on general graphs – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/ICCD.2006.4380835 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1109/26.990903 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.23919/DATE.2017.7927069 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2042255 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2017.2725221 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2008.929671 |
| SSID | ssj0029031 |
| Score | 2.434516 |
| Snippet | Hybrid low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding combines conventional Belief-Propagation (BP) algorithm with stochastic decoding to achieve high performance... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref ieee |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 1 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Codes Conversion Decoders Decoding EPON Error correcting codes fully correlated stochastic Hardware IEEE 802.3 Standard Iterative decoding LDPC code min-sum algorithm Nodes Performance degradation Performance enhancement probability tracer Stochastic processes Throughput |
| Title | High Throughput and Hardware Efficient Hybrid LDPC Decoder Using Bit-Serial Stochastic Updating |
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10143986 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2858752124 |
| Volume | 70 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001006601300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) - NZ customDbUrl: eissn: 1558-0806 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0029031 issn: 1549-8328 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 20040101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1dS8MwFA1OfNAHPyfOL_Lgk5DZNf3Ko24OBRFhU3wrt-mNDqQbW6f4781Nq0xEwbdSklB60ube5J5zGDsx2kBu8kxIH0IR5IkUCgAEqiREgA5oZ53wcBPf3iaPj-quJqs7LgwiuuIzbNOlO8vPx3pOW2Vn5CsrVRI1WCOOo4qs9ZVdKU9W4qiBEnaaJvURZsdTZ8Pu4LpNPuFte9_GR51vi5BzVfnxK3brS3_jn0-2ydbrQJKfV8hvsSUsttnagrzgDkupiIMPKyeeybzkUOScjurfYIr80olH2GH51TvRtvhN767Le0gk9yl3pQT8YlSKav-MD8qxfgZSdeb3E-JEFE9Ndt-_HHavRG2oILSvglJ0UIUoA4ORoq1Pm8sEWaSi2ORGk4pMaKJYZuhLbQMxSIyxwQiEWRb54GWYGbnLlotxgXuM-5IYuzb6gyQOIhtlBUDW1ZBJBBJ8aTHv8w2nulYbJ9OLl9RlHZ5KCZSUQElrUFrs9KvLpJLa-Ktxk1BYaFgB0GKHnzim9dc4S_0ktGmZXaSD_V-6HbBVGr0qHjtky-V0jkdsRb-Wo9n02E20D--Jz0Q |
| linkProvider | IEEE |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1da9swFL103WDtwz76QbP1Qw97Gih1LNuxHre0JaVZKDQdfRPX8lVXGE5InZb9--nKTskYG_TNGMk2PrJ1r3TPOQCfnHVYurKQKsZUJmWupEZESTpPCbGHNlgnfB_1x-P85kZftmT1wIUholB8Rl0-DHv55dQueKnsmH1llc6zF_CSrbNautZTfqUj1cijJlr6gZq3m5i9SB9PBlfnXXYK7_rzPkLq_TENBV-Vv37GYYY5e_vMZ3sHb9pQUnxpsH8Pa1RtweaKwOA2GC7jEJPGi2e2qAVWpeDN-keckzgN8hH-smL4i4lbYnRyORAnxDT3uQjFBOLrXS2bFTRxVU_tD2RdZ3E9Y1ZEdbsD12enk8FQtpYK0sY6qWWPdEoqcZRpXvz02UxSZDrru9JZ1pFJXdZXBcXK-lAMc-d8OIJpUWQxRgUVTu3CejWtaA9ErJiz6-M_zPtJ5uOsBNm8GgtFyJIvHYiWb9jYVm-cbS9-mpB3RNowKIZBMS0oHfj81GXWiG38r_EOo7DSsAGgA_tLHE37Pd6bOE99Yuan6eTDP7odwevh5NvIjM7HFx9hg-_UlJLtw3o9X9ABvLIP9d39_DAMut_peNKN |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=High+Throughput+and+Hardware+Efficient+Hybrid+LDPC+Decoder+Using+Bit-Serial+Stochastic+Updating&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+circuits+and+systems.+I%2C+Regular+papers&rft.au=Hu%2C+Shuai&rft.au=Han%2C+Kaining&rft.au=Zhu%2C+Yubin&rft.au=Shen%2C+Guodong&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers%2C+Inc.+%28IEEE%29&rft.issn=1549-8328&rft.eissn=1558-0806&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3653&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTCSI.2023.3280201&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1549-8328&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1549-8328&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1549-8328&client=summon |