Secure Active and Passive Beamforming in IRS-Aided MIMO Systems

In intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the IRS can be utilized to suppress the information leakage towards malicious terminals. This can lead to significant secrecy gains. This work exploits these gains via a tractable joint design of downlink be...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE transactions on information forensics and security Jg. 17; S. 1300 - 1315
Hauptverfasser:	Asaad, Saba, Wu, Yifei, Bereyhi, Ali, Muller, Ralf R., Schaefer, Rafael F., Poor, H. Vincent
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York IEEE 2022 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Schlagworte:	Algorithms alternating optimization Array signal processing Beamforming Downlink Eavesdropping fractional programming intelligent reflecting surfaces majorization-maximization method Massive MIMO Mathematical programming MISO communication Optimization Physical layer security Programming Robustness (mathematics) Wiretapping
ISSN:	1556-6013, 1556-6021
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

Abstract	In intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the IRS can be utilized to suppress the information leakage towards malicious terminals. This can lead to significant secrecy gains. This work exploits these gains via a tractable joint design of downlink beamformers and IRS phase-shifts. In this respect, we consider a generic IRS-aided MIMO wiretap setting and invoke fractional programming and alternating optimization to iteratively find the beamformers and phase-shifts that maximize the achievable weighted secrecy sum-rate. Our design is comprised of two low-complexity algorithms. Performance of the proposed algorithms are numerically evaluated and compared to the benchmark. The results reveal that integrating IRSs into MIMO systems not only boosts the secrecy performance, but also improves the robustness against passive eavesdropping.
AbstractList	In intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the IRS can be utilized to suppress the information leakage towards malicious terminals. This can lead to significant secrecy gains. This work exploits these gains via a tractable joint design of downlink beamformers and IRS phase-shifts. In this respect, we consider a generic IRS-aided MIMO wiretap setting and invoke fractional programming and alternating optimization to iteratively find the beamformers and phase-shifts that maximize the achievable weighted secrecy sum-rate. Our design is comprised of two low-complexity algorithms. Performance of the proposed algorithms are numerically evaluated and compared to the benchmark. The results reveal that integrating IRSs into MIMO systems not only boosts the secrecy performance, but also improves the robustness against passive eavesdropping.
Author	Muller, Ralf R. Poor, H. Vincent Schaefer, Rafael F. Bereyhi, Ali Asaad, Saba Wu, Yifei
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Saba orcidid: 0000-0001-7423-1336 surname: Asaad fullname: Asaad, Saba email: saba.asaad@fau.de organization: Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Yifei surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Yifei email: yifei.wu@fau.de organization: Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Ali orcidid: 0000-0001-9565-6405 surname: Bereyhi fullname: Bereyhi, Ali email: ali.bereyhi@fau.de organization: Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Ralf R. orcidid: 0000-0003-3780-9308 surname: Muller fullname: Muller, Ralf R. email: ralf.r.mueller@fau.de organization: Institute for Digital Communications, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Rafael F. orcidid: 0000-0002-1702-9075 surname: Schaefer fullname: Schaefer, Rafael F. email: rafael.schaefer@uni-siegen.de organization: Chair of Communications Engineering and Security, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: H. Vincent orcidid: 0000-0002-2062-131X surname: Poor fullname: Poor, H. Vincent email: poor@princeton.edu organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
BookMark	eNp9kE1PAjEQhhuDiYD-AONlE8-L_aK0J4NEdBMIxsVzU9pZU8LuYruY8O_dDcSDB0_zHt5nZvIMUK-qK0DoluARIVg9rLN5PqKY0hEjY0WwvEB9Mh6LVGBKer-ZsCs0iHGLMedEyD56zMEeAiRT2_hvSEzlkjcTY5efwJRFHUpffSa-SrL3PJ16By5ZZstVkh9jA2W8RpeF2UW4Oc8h-pg_r2ev6WL1ks2mi9RSxZrUEiqkBQZCghAbJ-3GQPsuA2ZB0o0i0kHhlOLKcOcUIc4JPnEKmOOFMmyI7k9796H-OkBs9LY-hKo9qangDBMpBW1bk1PLhjrGAIW2vjGNr6smGL_TBOvOlu5s6c6WPttqSfKH3AdfmnD8l7k7MR4AfvtqwhinnP0Axux2Iw
CODEN	ITIFA6
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics11182802 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2023_3262959 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2023_3274872 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2024_3399388 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2024_3406729 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aeue_2025_155698 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2024_3486356 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11276_023_03539_7 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSI_2023_3334036 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2024_3492196 crossref_primary_10_1109_TSP_2023_3320092 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2023_3318941 crossref_primary_10_4218_etrij_2023_0401 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2025_3576288 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2023_3333919 crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2024_3495720 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2024_3414185 crossref_primary_10_1002_dac_70233 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2023_3257267 crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2025_3531639 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2024_3450600 crossref_primary_10_1002_dac_6024 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23094377 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2025_3550053 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2023_3294280
Cites_doi	10.1109/COMST.2018.2844322 10.1109/TSP.2016.2601299 10.1109/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9448826 10.1109/TAP.2003.818003 10.1109/PIMRC48278.2020.9217160 10.1109/TWC.2021.3068754 10.1109/GCWkshps45667.2019.9024490 10.1109/JPROC.2020.2976703 10.1137/120891009 10.1109/TVT.2020.3007521 10.1109/IEEECONF51394.2020.9443329 10.1109/MCOM.2019.1900271 10.1109/TCOMM.2020.3024621 10.1109/MNET.001.1900287 10.1109/TSP.2018.2812748 10.1109/TWC.2020.3004330 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048726 10.1109/LWC.2019.2919685 10.1109/JSAC.2013.130205 10.1109/TWC.2020.2970061 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2936291 10.1007/0-387-30528-9_7 10.1109/LWC.2020.3012664 10.1109/GLOBECOM46510.2021.9685630 10.1109/MSP.2010.936019 10.1109/JSTSP.2018.2824246 10.1109/TIT.2012.2229460 10.1109/TWC.2019.2936025 10.1515/9781400830244 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2653798 10.1109/LSP.2020.3010170 10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.3048063 10.1109/MVT.2020.3018436 10.1109/LWC.2019.2960779 10.1109/ICC40277.2020.9149104 10.1109/MNET.2019.1800418 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260813 10.1109/LCOMM.2019.2924214 10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647880 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3007043 10.1109/TSP.2018.2816577 10.1109/TSP.2018.2812733 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736761 10.1109/LWC.2019.2950624 10.1007/978-1-84800-155-8_7 10.1109/TIT.2010.2054593 10.1109/COMST.2021.3077737 10.1109/ICASSP40776.2020.9052989 10.1109/TWC.2020.2990766 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048889 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2705561 10.1109/TWC.2019.2922609 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7120012 10.1109/ISIT45174.2021.9518055 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2924034 10.1109/TWC.2021.3070529 10.1109/TIT.2011.2158487 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600425 10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.3020925 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3051897 10.1109/TWC.2020.3012721 10.1109/TSP.2015.2425808 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1700410 10.1016/j.dsp.2019.06.007 10.1109/LWC.2019.2948632 10.1109/LWC.2020.2969629
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022
Copyright_xml	– notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2022
DBID	97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 7TB 8FD FR3 JQ2 KR7 L7M L~C L~D
DOI	10.1109/TIFS.2022.3159108
DatabaseName	IEEE Xplore (IEEE) IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Civil Engineering Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Civil Engineering Abstracts Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Engineering Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
DatabaseTitleList	Civil Engineering Abstracts
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering Computer Science
EISSN	1556-6021
EndPage	1315
ExternalDocumentID	10_1109_TIFS_2022_3159108 9733424
Genre	orig-research
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: U.S. National Science Foundation grantid: NSF CCF-1908308 funderid: 10.13039/100000001 – fundername: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) grantid: MU 3735/7-1 funderid: 10.13039/501100001659 – fundername: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) grantid: 16KIS1242 funderid: 10.13039/501100002347
GroupedDBID	0R~ 29I 4.4 5GY 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACGFS ACIWK AENEX AETIX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AKJIK AKQYR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ CS3 DU5 EBS EJD HZ~ IFIPE IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 O9- OCL P2P PQQKQ RIA RIE RNS AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 7TB 8FD FR3 JQ2 KR7 L7M L~C L~D
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-c1268ce3e68e66bd8cbae2023e3ce82b918defd9949a4dd911dd647d9e3d4f9a3
IEDL.DBID	RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount	35
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000773245100008&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	1556-6013
IngestDate	Sun Jun 29 12:31:36 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 03:49:42 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 20:45:18 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:40:37 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Language	English
License	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c293t-c1268ce3e68e66bd8cbae2023e3ce82b918defd9949a4dd911dd647d9e3d4f9a3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0003-3780-9308 0000-0002-1702-9075 0000-0002-2062-131X 0000-0001-9565-6405 0000-0001-7423-1336
PQID	2643018862
PQPubID	85506
PageCount	16
ParticipantIDs	ieee_primary_9733424 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TIFS_2022_3159108 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2022_3159108 proquest_journals_2643018862
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20220000 2022-00-00 20220101
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2022-01-01
PublicationDate_xml	– year: 2022 text: 20220000
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	New York
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: New York
PublicationTitle	IEEE transactions on information forensics and security
PublicationTitleAbbrev	TIFS
PublicationYear	2022
Publisher	IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml	– name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References	ref13 Qingqing (ref33) 2019; 58 ref57 ref12 ref15 ref59 ref14 ref58 ref53 ref52 ref11 ref55 ref10 ref54 ref17 ref16 ref19 ref18 Asaad (ref56) 2021 ref51 ref50 ref46 ref45 ref48 ref47 ref42 ref41 ref44 ref43 ref49 ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 ref40 ref35 ref34 ref37 ref36 ref31 ref30 ref32 ref2 ref1 ref39 ref38 ref24 ref68 ref23 ref67 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref64 ref63 ref22 ref66 ref21 ref65 ref28 ref27 ref29 ref60 ref62 ref61
References_xml	– volume-title: arXiv:2104.10977 year: 2021 ident: ref56 article-title: Designing IRS-aided MIMO systems for secrecy enhancement – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1109/COMST.2018.2844322 – ident: ref58 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2016.2601299 – ident: ref38 doi: 10.1109/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9448826 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1109/TAP.2003.818003 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1109/PIMRC48278.2020.9217160 – ident: ref66 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3068754 – ident: ref40 doi: 10.1109/GCWkshps45667.2019.9024490 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2020.2976703 – ident: ref60 doi: 10.1137/120891009 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3007521 – ident: ref41 doi: 10.1109/IEEECONF51394.2020.9443329 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2019.1900271 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2020.3024621 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1109/MNET.001.1900287 – ident: ref49 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2018.2812748 – ident: ref52 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3004330 – ident: ref64 doi: 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048726 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1109/LWC.2019.2919685 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2013.130205 – ident: ref50 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.2970061 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2936291 – ident: ref65 doi: 10.1007/0-387-30528-9_7 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1109/LWC.2020.3012664 – ident: ref51 doi: 10.1109/GLOBECOM46510.2021.9685630 – ident: ref61 doi: 10.1109/MSP.2010.936019 – ident: ref67 doi: 10.1109/JSTSP.2018.2824246 – volume: 58 start-page: 106 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: ref33 article-title: Towards smart and reconfigurable environment: Intelligent reflecting surface aided wireless network publication-title: IEEE Commun. Mag. – ident: ref55 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2012.2229460 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2936025 – ident: ref62 doi: 10.1515/9781400830244 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2653798 – ident: ref36 doi: 10.1109/LSP.2020.3010170 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.3048063 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/MVT.2020.3018436 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1109/LWC.2019.2960779 – ident: ref45 doi: 10.1109/ICC40277.2020.9149104 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/MNET.2019.1800418 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260813 – ident: ref34 doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2019.2924214 – ident: ref42 doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647880 – ident: ref47 doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3007043 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2018.2816577 – ident: ref48 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2018.2812733 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6736761 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/LWC.2019.2950624 – ident: ref68 doi: 10.1007/978-1-84800-155-8_7 – ident: ref54 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2010.2054593 – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1109/COMST.2021.3077737 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP40776.2020.9052989 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.2990766 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048889 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2705561 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2922609 – ident: ref44 doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7120012 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1109/ISIT45174.2021.9518055 – ident: ref46 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2924034 – ident: ref43 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3070529 – ident: ref57 doi: 10.1109/TIT.2011.2158487 – ident: ref59 doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600425 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.3020925 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3051897 – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3012721 – ident: ref63 doi: 10.1109/TSP.2015.2425808 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1700410 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1016/j.dsp.2019.06.007 – ident: ref53 doi: 10.1109/LWC.2019.2948632 – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/LWC.2020.2969629
SSID	ssj0044168
Score	2.5232449
Snippet	In intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the IRS can be utilized to suppress the information leakage...
SourceID	proquest crossref ieee
SourceType	Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	1300
SubjectTerms	Algorithms alternating optimization Array signal processing Beamforming Downlink Eavesdropping fractional programming intelligent reflecting surfaces majorization-maximization method Massive MIMO Mathematical programming MISO communication Optimization Physical layer security Programming Robustness (mathematics) Wiretapping
Title	Secure Active and Passive Beamforming in IRS-Aided MIMO Systems
URI	https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9733424 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2643018862
Volume	17
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000773245100008&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1556-6021 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0044168 issn: 1556-6013 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 20060101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEB5UPOjBt7i-yMGTWG2bNE2Oq7i44AtfeCt5TGFBu6Krv98kzS6KInjLYRLKTPN9M0lmBmDPOOCtHbUnWtU8YSI8AtAiKXRmtURUeaj2-XBeXl6Kx0d5PQUHk1wYRAyPz_DQD8Ndvh2ad39UdiRLSlnOpmG6LHmbqzVGXcfqbdpbUfDEBRk03mBmqTy66_duXSSY5y5ALRw9im8cFJqq_EDiQC-9xf992BIsRDeSdFu7L8MUNiuwOG7RQOKOXYH5L_UGV51n7k_XkXQDyBHVWHLtnGc_Pkb17P1XJ0cGDenf3CbdgUVLLvoXVyTWNV-D-97p3clZEjsoJMbR-CgxWc6FQYpcIOfaCqMV-obpSA2KXMtMWKytlEwqZq0DPms5K61EalktFV2HmWbY4AYQZXNdMm2wUAWjqVK1W4JnRtFUYCnTDqRjnVYmlhf3XS6eqhBmpLLyZqi8Gapohg7sT6a8tLU1_hJe9XqfCEaVd2B7bLgq7r63yjl5DreEC9Y2f5-1BXN-7fYoZRtmRq_vuAOz5mM0eHvdDT_WJxLayks
linkProvider	IEEE
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LT-MwEB6xgLRw4LmI8vSBEyJLEjuJfSyIioq2ICgrbpEfE6nSEhAUfj-241YgEBI3H8ZJ5Im_b2bsmQE40BZ4K0vtkZJVHjHuLwEoHmUqMUogytRX-_zXKwYDfncnrmbgaJoLg4j-8hn-dUN_lm8e9IsLlR2LglKWsl8wlzGWxk221gR3La83iW9ZlkfWzaDhDDOJxfGw27mxvmCaWhc1swTJP7CQb6vyCYs9wXSWf_ZpK7AUDEnSbjS_CjNYr8HypEkDCXt2DRbfVRxct7a5i68jaXuYI7I25Mqaz258gvLeWbBWjoxq0r2-idojg4b0u_1LEiqb_4Hbztnw9DwKPRQibYl8HOkkzblGijnHPFeGayXRtUxHqpGnSiTcYGWEYEIyYyz0GZOzwgikhlVC0g2YrR9q3AQiTaoKpjRmMmM0lrKyj8gTLWnMsRBxC-LJmpY6FBh3fS7-l97RiEXp1FA6NZRBDS04nE55bKprfCe87tZ9KhiWvAU7E8WVYf89l9bMs8jFrbu29fWsffh9Puz3yl53cLENC-49TWBlB2bHTy-4C_P6dTx6ftrzP9kbxN_Nkg
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Secure+Active+and+Passive+Beamforming+in+IRS-Aided+MIMO+Systems&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+information+forensics+and+security&rft.au=Asaad%2C+Saba&rft.au=Wu%2C+Yifei&rft.au=Bereyhi%2C+Ali&rft.au=Muller%2C+Ralf+R.&rft.date=2022&rft.issn=1556-6013&rft.eissn=1556-6021&rft.volume=17&rft.spage=1300&rft.epage=1315&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTIFS.2022.3159108&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TIFS_2022_3159108
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1556-6013&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1556-6013&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1556-6013&client=summon