Nearly Synchronous Multidecadal Oscillations of Surface Air Temperature in Punta Arenas and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Index

The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) signature in southern South America (SA) is examined using the surface air temperature (T-air) of Punta Arenas, Chile (53.0°S, 70.85°W), during the 1888–2016 period. The T-air shows multidecadal oscillations with a significant positive correlation of 0.77...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of climate Vol. 31; no. 18; pp. 7237 - 7248
Main Authors: Kayano, Mary Toshie, Setzer, Alberto W.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Boston American Meteorological Society 01.09.2018
Subjects:
Advection
Air temperature
Anomalies
Arenas
Atlantic Oscillation
Circulation anomalies
Climate
Climate models
Climate monitoring
Cold flow
Global temperatures
Horizontal advection
Meridional flow
Modelling
Oscillations
Oscillators
Precipitation
Sea surface
Sea surface temperature
Surface temperature
Surface-air temperature relationships
Temperature
Temperature (air-sea)
Temperature effects
Time series
Trends
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Pacific Ocean
ISSN:0894-8755, 1520-0442
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) signature in southern South America (SA) is examined using the surface air temperature (T-air) of Punta Arenas, Chile (53.0°S, 70.85°W), during the 1888–2016 period. The T-air shows multidecadal oscillations with a significant positive correlation of 0.77 to the AMO index. The relations of the Punta Arenas T-air time series with the AMO-related global sea surface temperature (SST) and regional circulation anomaly patterns are discussed. During the warm (cold) AMO phase, a cold (warm) center in southwestern Atlantic waters induces low-level anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomalies in the region, which together with the cyclonic (anticyclonic) anomalies in the southeastern Pacific channel the northerly (southerly) flow over southern SA. This meridional flow transports warm (cold) air from lower (higher) latitudes into the Punta Arenas region. Therefore, the temperature horizontal advection at the low level is the main thermodynamic process that alters the Punta Arenas T-air in a multidecadal time scale. The use of a relation between a long T-air surface sensor series in southern SA with the AMO presents a novel approach in climate monitoring and modeling.
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ISSN:0894-8755
1520-0442
DOI:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0793.1