Effects of the Earth's Curvature and Lunar Revolution on the Imaging Performance of the Moon-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar

In this paper, effects of the earth's curvature and lunar revolution on the performance of the moon-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are examined by a comprehensive analysis of the motion-induced Doppler frequency and Doppler rate on which azimuthal imaging relies. The motion effects includ...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Jg. 57; H. 8; S. 5868 - 5882
Hauptverfasser:	Xu, Zhen, Chen, Kun-Shan
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	New York IEEE 01.08.2019 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Schlagworte:	Apertures Azimuth Computer simulation Curvature Deviate squint angle Doppler effect Doppler sonar Earth Earth rotation earth’s curvature Equivalence equivalent squint angle equivalent velocity extended hyperbolic range equation (EHRE) Imaging Imaging techniques lunar revolution Mathematical model Moon moon-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Motion effects Radar Radar imaging Resolution SAR (radar) Skew angle Synthetic aperture radar Velocity velocity correction factor
ISSN:	0196-2892, 1558-0644
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Abstract	In this paper, effects of the earth's curvature and lunar revolution on the performance of the moon-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are examined by a comprehensive analysis of the motion-induced Doppler frequency and Doppler rate on which azimuthal imaging relies. The motion effects include the earth's self-rotation related to the earth's curvature and lunar revolution around the earth. An extended hyperbolic range equation (EHRE) is proposed in line of the equivalent velocity and equivalent squint angle, and then the signal model based on the EHRE is established to simulate the moon-based SAR image from which the imaging performance is analyzed. Theoretical analyses show that the earth's curvature is a dominant factor in determining the moon-based SAR's Doppler and azimuthal resolution. Furthermore, the earth's curvature distorts the SAR image by way of rotating the azimuth imaging from the cross-range direction within a certain skewed angle. The overall effects of lunar revolution generate a velocity correction factor and a deviate squint angle, which subsequently deteriorate the azimuthal resolution and image focusing. Results also show that effects of the earth's curvature and lunar revolution are in connection with relative positions of the ground target and moon-based SAR. To this end, numerical simulations using point target response is carried out to accentuate the necessary for taking account of the Doppler error induced by the lunar revolution.
AbstractList	In this paper, effects of the earth’s curvature and lunar revolution on the performance of the moon-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are examined by a comprehensive analysis of the motion-induced Doppler frequency and Doppler rate on which azimuthal imaging relies. The motion effects include the earth’s self-rotation related to the earth’s curvature and lunar revolution around the earth. An extended hyperbolic range equation (EHRE) is proposed in line of the equivalent velocity and equivalent squint angle, and then the signal model based on the EHRE is established to simulate the moon-based SAR image from which the imaging performance is analyzed. Theoretical analyses show that the earth’s curvature is a dominant factor in determining the moon-based SAR’s Doppler and azimuthal resolution. Furthermore, the earth’s curvature distorts the SAR image by way of rotating the azimuth imaging from the cross-range direction within a certain skewed angle. The overall effects of lunar revolution generate a velocity correction factor and a deviate squint angle, which subsequently deteriorate the azimuthal resolution and image focusing. Results also show that effects of the earth’s curvature and lunar revolution are in connection with relative positions of the ground target and moon-based SAR. To this end, numerical simulations using point target response is carried out to accentuate the necessary for taking account of the Doppler error induced by the lunar revolution.
Author	Xu, Zhen Chen, Kun-Shan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Zhen orcidid: 0000-0002-5162-1224 surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Zhen organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Kun-Shan orcidid: 0000-0001-7698-9861 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Kun-Shan email: chenks@radi.ac.cn organization: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing, China
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SubjectTerms	Apertures Azimuth Computer simulation Curvature Deviate squint angle Doppler effect Doppler sonar Earth Earth rotation earth’s curvature Equivalence equivalent squint angle equivalent velocity extended hyperbolic range equation (EHRE) Imaging Imaging techniques lunar revolution Mathematical model Moon moon-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Motion effects Radar Radar imaging Resolution SAR (radar) Skew angle Synthetic aperture radar Velocity velocity correction factor
Title	Effects of the Earth's Curvature and Lunar Revolution on the Imaging Performance of the Moon-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar
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