A High Performance Concurrency Protocol for Smart Contracts of Permissioned Blockchain

Although the emergence of the programmable smart contract makes blockchain systems easily embrace a wide range of industrial services, how to execute smart contracts efficiently becomes a big challenge nowadays. Due to the existence of Byzantine nodes, existing mature concurrency control protocols i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering Vol. 34; no. 11; pp. 5070 - 5083
Main Authors: Jin, Cheqing, Pang, Shuaifeng, Qi, Xiaodong, Zhang, Zhao, Zhou, Aoying
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 01.11.2022
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Algorithms
Blockchain
Concurrency
Concurrency control
Concurrent computing
Contracts
Cryptography
Optimization
Parallel processing
Partitions (mathematics)
Protocol
Schedules
smart contract
Smart contracts
Throughput
ISSN:1041-4347, 1558-2191
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Although the emergence of the programmable smart contract makes blockchain systems easily embrace a wide range of industrial services, how to execute smart contracts efficiently becomes a big challenge nowadays. Due to the existence of Byzantine nodes, existing mature concurrency control protocols in database cannot be employed directly, since the mechanism of executing smart contracts varies a lot. Furthermore, even though smart contract execution follows a two-phase style, i.e., the primary node executes a batch of smart contracts in the first phase and the validators replay them in the second phase, existing parallel solutions merely focus on the optimization for the first phase, rather than the second phase. In this paper, we propose a novel two-phase concurrency control protocol to optimize both phases for the first time. First, the primary executes transactions in parallel and generates a transaction dependency graph with high parallelism for validators. Then, a graph partition algorithm is devised to divide the original graph into several sub-graphs to preserve parallelism and reduce communication cost remarkably. Finally, we propose a deterministic replay protocol to re-execute the primary's parallel schedule concurrently. Moreover, this two-phase protocol is further optimized by integrating with PBFT. Theoretical analysis and extensive experimental results illustrate that the proposed scheme outperforms state-of-art solutions significantly.
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ISSN:1041-4347
1558-2191
DOI:10.1109/TKDE.2021.3059959