The Computational Challenges of Means Selection Problems: Network Structure of Goal Systems Predicts Human Performance
We study human performance in two classical NP‐hard optimization problems: Set Cover and Maximum Coverage. We suggest that Set Cover and Max Coverage are related to means selection problems that arise in human problem‐solving and in pursuing multiple goals: The relationship between goals and means i...
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| Vydáno v: | Cognitive science Ročník 47; číslo 8; s. e13330 - n/a |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Hoboken
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.08.2023
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| ISSN: | 0364-0213, 1551-6709, 1551-6709 |
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| Abstract | We study human performance in two classical NP‐hard optimization problems: Set Cover and Maximum Coverage. We suggest that Set Cover and Max Coverage are related to means selection problems that arise in human problem‐solving and in pursuing multiple goals: The relationship between goals and means is expressed as a bipartite graph where edges between means and goals indicate which means can be used to achieve which goals. While these problems are believed to be computationally intractable in general, they become more tractable when the structure of the network resembles a tree. Thus, our main prediction is that people should perform better with goal systems that are more tree‐like. We report three behavioral experiments which confirm this prediction. Our results suggest that combinatorial parameters that are instrumental to algorithm design can also be useful for understanding when and why people struggle to choose between multiple means to achieve multiple goals. |
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| AbstractList | We study human performance in two classical NP‐hard optimization problems: Set Cover and Maximum Coverage. We suggest that Set Cover and Max Coverage are related to means selection problems that arise in human problem‐solving and in pursuing multiple goals: The relationship between goals and means is expressed as a bipartite graph where edges between means and goals indicate which means can be used to achieve which goals. While these problems are believed to be computationally intractable in general, they become more tractable when the structure of the network resembles a tree. Thus, our main prediction is that people should perform better with goal systems that are more tree‐like. We report three behavioral experiments which confirm this prediction. Our results suggest that combinatorial parameters that are instrumental to algorithm design can also be useful for understanding when and why people struggle to choose between multiple means to achieve multiple goals. We study human performance in two classical NP-hard optimization problems: Set Cover and Maximum Coverage. We suggest that Set Cover and Max Coverage are related to means selection problems that arise in human problem-solving and in pursuing multiple goals: The relationship between goals and means is expressed as a bipartite graph where edges between means and goals indicate which means can be used to achieve which goals. While these problems are believed to be computationally intractable in general, they become more tractable when the structure of the network resembles a tree. Thus, our main prediction is that people should perform better with goal systems that are more tree-like. We report three behavioral experiments which confirm this prediction. Our results suggest that combinatorial parameters that are instrumental to algorithm design can also be useful for understanding when and why people struggle to choose between multiple means to achieve multiple goals.We study human performance in two classical NP-hard optimization problems: Set Cover and Maximum Coverage. We suggest that Set Cover and Max Coverage are related to means selection problems that arise in human problem-solving and in pursuing multiple goals: The relationship between goals and means is expressed as a bipartite graph where edges between means and goals indicate which means can be used to achieve which goals. While these problems are believed to be computationally intractable in general, they become more tractable when the structure of the network resembles a tree. Thus, our main prediction is that people should perform better with goal systems that are more tree-like. We report three behavioral experiments which confirm this prediction. Our results suggest that combinatorial parameters that are instrumental to algorithm design can also be useful for understanding when and why people struggle to choose between multiple means to achieve multiple goals. |
| Author | Reichman, Daniel Lieder, Falk Griffiths, Thomas L. Talmon, Nimrod Bourgin, David D. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel surname: Reichman fullname: Reichman, Daniel email: daniel.reichman@gmail.com organization: Worcester Polytechnic Institute – sequence: 2 givenname: Falk surname: Lieder fullname: Lieder, Falk organization: University of California, Los Angeles – sequence: 3 givenname: David D. surname: Bourgin fullname: Bourgin, David D. organization: Adobe Research – sequence: 4 givenname: Nimrod surname: Talmon fullname: Talmon, Nimrod organization: Ben‐Gurion University – sequence: 5 givenname: Thomas L. surname: Griffiths fullname: Griffiths, Thomas L. organization: Princeton University |
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| Notes | Equal contribution. A preliminary version of our findings about the effect of tree‐width on means‐selection appeared in the Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society under the title: The Structure of Goal Systems Predicts Human Performance. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
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| PublicationDate | August 2023 2023-08-00 20230801 |
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| PublicationPlace | Hoboken |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Hoboken |
| PublicationTitle | Cognitive science |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
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| Snippet | We study human performance in two classical NP‐hard optimization problems: Set Cover and Maximum Coverage. We suggest that Set Cover and Max Coverage are... We study human performance in two classical NP-hard optimization problems: Set Cover and Maximum Coverage. We suggest that Set Cover and Max Coverage are... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Bounded rationality Computational complexity Goal systems Graph theory |
| Title | The Computational Challenges of Means Selection Problems: Network Structure of Goal Systems Predicts Human Performance |
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