Map-Reduce-Style Job Offloading Using Historical Manufacturing Behavior for Edge Devices in Smart Factory

For smart factories in the Industry 4.0 era, edge devices can be used to run intelligent software packages (i.e., manufacturing services) to support manufacturing activities of production equipment. However, this kind of edge device may fail to provide designed functionalities in time when it encoun...

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Published in:IEEE robotics and automation letters Vol. 3; no. 4; pp. 2918 - 2925
Main Authors: Chen, Chao-Chun, Su, Wei-Tsung, Hung, Min-Hsiung, Lin, Zhong-Hui
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.10.2018
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Computer architecture
Computer simulation
Devices
edge computing
Factories
Industrial plants
Industries
Intelligent and flexible manufacturing
job offloading
Job shop scheduling
Manufacturing
middleware and programming environments
Performance evaluation
Production equipment
Production facilities
Production lines
Service introduction
smart factory automation
Smart manufacturing
software
ISSN:2377-3766, 2377-3766
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Abstract For smart factories in the Industry 4.0 era, edge devices can be used to run intelligent software packages (i.e., manufacturing services) to support manufacturing activities of production equipment. However, this kind of edge device may fail to provide designed functionalities in time when it encounters a sudden high-computation (SHC) job that cannot be executed by the edge device itself within a required time constraint. Thus, how to assure that an edge device can effectively execute SHC jobs so as to provide manufacturing services to equipment in time is an important and challenging issue for smart manufacturing. Exiting job-shop scheduling (JSS) methods may optimally allocate jobs for production lines but cannot directly be applied to handle the edge devices SHC jobs, which occur irregularly and are hard to specify processing time slots for JSS methods. Aimed at resolving the above-mentioned issue, this letter proposes a novel manufacturing-behavior-based map-reduce-style job offloading scheme. First, a distributed job processing architecture is designed to allow distributed edge devices to collaboratively complete an SHC job to support manufacturing. Next, a map-reduce-style program structure is developed so that an SHC job can be easily divided into multiple parts that can be executed in parallel by the selected edge devices, each device processing a part. Then, a mechanism of selecting proper edge devices to complete the SHC job, considering historical manufacturing behaviors of each edge device, is proposed for achieving high offloading efficiency. Finally, we simulate a factory with 20 machines to conduct integrated tests. Testing results demonstrate the effectiveness and excellent performance of the proposed scheme.
AbstractList For smart factories in the Industry 4.0 era, edge devices can be used to run intelligent software packages (i.e., manufacturing services) to support manufacturing activities of production equipment. However, this kind of edge device may fail to provide designed functionalities in time when it encounters a sudden high-computation (SHC) job that cannot be executed by the edge device itself within a required time constraint. Thus, how to assure that an edge device can effectively execute SHC jobs so as to provide manufacturing services to equipment in time is an important and challenging issue for smart manufacturing. Exiting job-shop scheduling (JSS) methods may optimally allocate jobs for production lines but cannot directly be applied to handle the edge devices SHC jobs, which occur irregularly and are hard to specify processing time slots for JSS methods. Aimed at resolving the above-mentioned issue, this letter proposes a novel manufacturing-behavior-based map-reduce-style job offloading scheme. First, a distributed job processing architecture is designed to allow distributed edge devices to collaboratively complete an SHC job to support manufacturing. Next, a map-reduce-style program structure is developed so that an SHC job can be easily divided into multiple parts that can be executed in parallel by the selected edge devices, each device processing a part. Then, a mechanism of selecting proper edge devices to complete the SHC job, considering historical manufacturing behaviors of each edge device, is proposed for achieving high offloading efficiency. Finally, we simulate a factory with 20 machines to conduct integrated tests. Testing results demonstrate the effectiveness and excellent performance of the proposed scheme.
Author Chen, Chao-Chun
Su, Wei-Tsung
Hung, Min-Hsiung
Lin, Zhong-Hui
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SubjectTerms Computer architecture
Computer simulation
Devices
edge computing
Factories
Industrial plants
Industries
Intelligent and flexible manufacturing
job offloading
Job shop scheduling
Manufacturing
middleware and programming environments
Performance evaluation
Production equipment
Production facilities
Production lines
Service introduction
smart factory automation
Smart manufacturing
software
Title Map-Reduce-Style Job Offloading Using Historical Manufacturing Behavior for Edge Devices in Smart Factory
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