Robust Frequency Regulation Capacity Scheduling Algorithm for Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to provide frequency regulation service to an independent system operator (ISO) by changing their real-time charging or discharging power according to an automatic generation control (AGC) signal. Recently, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has issue...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on smart grid Vol. 8; no. 2; pp. 984 - 997
Main Authors: Enxin Yao, Wong, Vincent W. S., Schober, Robert
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.03.2017
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Algorithms
Automatic control
Automatic generation control
Compensation
Computer simulation
Electric power distribution
Electric vehicles
Executive compensation
Federal regulation
Frequency control
frequency regulation
Heuristic algorithms
Incentives
ISO
Markets
Optimization
Pay for performance
Real-time systems
robust optimization
Robustness
Scheduling
scheduling algorithm
Uninterruptible power supply
ISSN:1949-3053, 1949-3061
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to provide frequency regulation service to an independent system operator (ISO) by changing their real-time charging or discharging power according to an automatic generation control (AGC) signal. Recently, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has issued Order 755 to ISOs to introduce a performance-based compensation scheme in the frequency regulation market. The goal is to provide economic incentives for fast ramping resources such as EVs to participate in the market. In this paper, we model the EV frequency regulation service under the performance-based compensation scheme. Thereby, a robust optimization framework is adopted for the formulation of a frequency regulation capacity scheduling problem. Our problem formulation takes into account the performance-based compensation scheme, the random AGC signal, and the dynamic arrival and departure times of the EVs. We propose an efficient algorithm to solve the formulated problem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the revenue under the performance-based compensation scheme compared with a benchmark algorithm.
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ISSN:1949-3053
1949-3061
DOI:10.1109/TSG.2016.2530660