Partially-Connected Hybrid Beamforming for Spectral Efficiency Maximization via a Weighted MMSE Equivalence

Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is an attractive technology for practical massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) systems. Compared with the fully-connected HBF architecture, the partially-connected one can further reduce the hardware cost and power consumption. However,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on wireless communications Vol. 20; no. 12; pp. 8218 - 8232
Main Authors: Zhao, Xingyu, Lin, Tian, Zhu, Yu, Zhang, Jun
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 01.12.2021
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:
Algorithms
Array signal processing
Beamforming
Computer architecture
Covariance matrices
Efficiency
Equivalence
hybrid beamforming
Iterative methods
manifold optimization
Maximization
Millimeter waves
Millimeter-wave communication
MIMO communication
Optimization
partially-connected architecture
Phase shifters
Power consumption
Radio frequency
Spectra
weighted mean square error minimization
Wideband
ISSN:1536-1276, 1558-2248
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is an attractive technology for practical massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) systems. Compared with the fully-connected HBF architecture, the partially-connected one can further reduce the hardware cost and power consumption. However, the special block diagonal structure of its analog beamforming matrix brings additional design challenges. In this paper, we develop effective HBF algorithms for spectral efficiency maximization (SEM) in wideband mmWave massive MIMO systems with the partially-connected architecture. One main contribution is that we prove the equivalence of the SEM problem and a weighted mean square error minimization (WMMSE) problem, which leads to a convenient algorithmic approach to directly tackle the SEM problem. Specifically, we decompose the equivalent WMMSE problem into the hybrid precoding and hybrid combining subproblems, for which both the optimal digital precoder and combiner have closed-form solutions. For the more challenging analog precoder and combiner, we propose an element iteration based algorithm and a manifold optimization based algorithm. Finally, the hybrid precoder and combiner are alternatively updated. The overall HBF algorithms are proved to monotonously increase the spectral efficiency and converge. Furthermore, we also propose modified algorithms with reduced computational complexity and finite-resolution phase shifters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed HBF algorithms achieve significant performance gains over conventional algorithms.
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ISSN:1536-1276
1558-2248
DOI:10.1109/TWC.2021.3091524