Wildland fire emission factors in North America: synthesis of existing data, measurement needs and management applications

Field and laboratory emission factors (EFs) of wildland fire emissions for 276 known air pollutants sampled across Canada and the US were compiled. An online database, the Smoke Emissions Repository Application (SERA), was created to enable analysis and summaries of existing EFs to be used in smoke...

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Vydáno v:	International journal of wildland fire Ročník 29; číslo 2; s. 132 - 147
Hlavní autoři:	Prichard, Susan J., O’Neill, Susan M., Eagle, Paige, Andreu, Anne G., Drye, Brian, Dubowy, Joel, Urbanski, Shawn, Strand, Tara M.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Roslyn CSIRO 01.01.2020
Témata:	Air pollution Carbon dioxide Combustion Coniferous forests Datasets Emission inventories Emissions Energy consumption Environmental protection Forests Greenhouse gases Laboratories Methane Online data bases Particulate emissions Particulate matter Pollutants Prescribed fire R&D Relational data bases Research & development Smoke Smoldering Sulfur dioxide Toxins Vegetation Wildfires United States > US North America
ISSN:	1049-8001, 1448-5516
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Abstract	Field and laboratory emission factors (EFs) of wildland fire emissions for 276 known air pollutants sampled across Canada and the US were compiled. An online database, the Smoke Emissions Repository Application (SERA), was created to enable analysis and summaries of existing EFs to be used in smoke management and emissions inventories. We evaluated how EFs of select pollutants (CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, total particulate matter (PM), PM2.5 and SO2) are influenced by combustion phase, burn type and fuel type. Of the 12 533 records in the database, over a third (n = 5637) are represented by 23 air pollutants, most designated as US Environmental Protection Agency criteria air pollutants, greenhouse gases, hazardous air pollutants or known air toxins. Among all pollutants in the database, including the most common pollutants PM, CO, CO2 and CH4, records are unevenly distributed with a bias towards flaming combustion, prescribed burning and laboratory measurements. Across all EFs, records are most common for south-eastern and western conifer forests and western shrubland types. Based on identified data gaps, we offer recommendations for future studies, including targeting underrepresented air pollutants, smouldering combustion phases and improved source characterisation of wildland fire emissions.
AbstractList	Field and laboratory emission factors (EFs) of wildland fire emissions for 276 known air pollutants sampled across Canada and the US were compiled. An online database, the Smoke Emissions Repository Application (SERA), was created to enable analysis and summaries of existing EFs to be used in smoke management and emissions inventories. We evaluated how EFs of select pollutants (CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, total particulate matter (PM), PM2.5 and SO2) are influenced by combustion phase, burn type and fuel type. Of the 12 533 records in the database, over a third (n = 5637) are represented by 23 air pollutants, most designated as US Environmental Protection Agency criteria air pollutants, greenhouse gases, hazardous air pollutants or known air toxins. Among all pollutants in the database, including the most common pollutants PM, CO, CO2 and CH4, records are unevenly distributed with a bias towards flaming combustion, prescribed burning and laboratory measurements. Across all EFs, records are most common for south-eastern and western conifer forests and western shrubland types. Based on identified data gaps, we offer recommendations for future studies, including targeting underrepresented air pollutants, smouldering combustion phases and improved source characterisation of wildland fire emissions.
Author	Eagle, Paige Andreu, Anne G. O’Neill, Susan M. Strand, Tara M. Prichard, Susan J. Dubowy, Joel Urbanski, Shawn Drye, Brian
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Susan J. surname: Prichard fullname: Prichard, Susan J. – sequence: 2 givenname: Susan M. surname: O’Neill fullname: O’Neill, Susan M. – sequence: 3 givenname: Paige surname: Eagle fullname: Eagle, Paige – sequence: 4 givenname: Anne G. surname: Andreu fullname: Andreu, Anne G. – sequence: 5 givenname: Brian surname: Drye fullname: Drye, Brian – sequence: 6 givenname: Joel surname: Dubowy fullname: Dubowy, Joel – sequence: 7 givenname: Shawn surname: Urbanski fullname: Urbanski, Shawn – sequence: 8 givenname: Tara M. surname: Strand fullname: Strand, Tara M.
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Cites_doi	10.1021/ES103686T 10.1002/2014JD021848 10.1029/96JD01800 10.5194/ACP-15-13915-2015 10.1016/J.FORECO.2013.05.045 10.1016/J.FORECO.2013.09.012 10.1029/2012JD017627 10.1029/92JD02168 10.5194/ACP-18-3299-2018 10.3390/ATMOS10090515 10.5194/ACP-18-9263-2018 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2014.09.058 10.1071/WF9970021 10.5194/ACP-11-4039-2011 10.1071/WF07086 10.1002/2016JD026315 10.5194/ACP-13-89-2013 10.1021/ES402101K 10.5194/ACP-10-6617-2010 10.1016/J.FORECO.2017.09.025 10.1029/2000GB001382 10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2015.03.001 10.1029/JD095iD05p05669 10.1002/JGRD.50524 10.1071/WF17084 10.5194/ACP-13-7241-2013 10.4996/FIREECOLOGY.1001056 10.1016/J.FORECO.2013.06.010
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SubjectTerms	Air pollution Carbon dioxide Combustion Coniferous forests Datasets Emission inventories Emissions Energy consumption Environmental protection Forests Greenhouse gases Laboratories Methane Online data bases Particulate emissions Particulate matter Pollutants Prescribed fire R&D Relational data bases Research & development Smoke Smoldering Sulfur dioxide Toxins Vegetation Wildfires
Title	Wildland fire emission factors in North America: synthesis of existing data, measurement needs and management applications
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