Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms from online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in online students. Materials and methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL plus with...

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Published in:F1000 research Vol. 13; p. 790
Main Authors: Gotum, Tanawat, Keeratisiroj, Orawan, Jariya, Wutthichai
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Faculty of 1000 Ltd 2025
F1000 Research Ltd
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Disease transmission
Distance learning
Education
Education, Distance
eng
Ergonomics
Exercise
Global health
Humans
Learning
Meta-analysis
Middle Aged
Musculoskeletal diseases
Musculoskeletal Diseases - epidemiology
Musculoskeletal pain
Musculoskeletal Pain - epidemiology
Neck pain
Online instruction
Online learning
Pain
Pandemics
Posture
Prevalence
SARS-CoV-2
Sedentary behavior
Shelter in place
Smartphones
Student
Students
Systematic review
University students
Young Adult
Thailand
COVID-19
Musculoskeletal pain
Systematic review
Student
Online learning
Meta-analysis
ISSN:2046-1402, 2046-1402
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Abstract Purpose The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in online students. Materials and methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL plus with full text, and Wiley InterScience databases. A total of 3,749 studies were identified between January 2020 and December 2023. The Joanna Briggs Tool for studies reporting prevalence was used to assess the quality of studies. Jamovi 2.4 was used in the meta-analysis. Results Sixteen studies were included and used for the meta-analysis. The average age of participants was 22 years, with an age range of 17–45 years, Sample range 120-3,705. There were 6 studies of high quality, 9 studies of medium quality and 1 study of low quality. The areas with the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were the neck (51%, 95% CI = 36–66%, I2 = 99.96), lower back (51%, 95% CI = 42–59%, I2 = 99.96) and shoulder (36%, 95% CI = 26–47%, I2 = 99.61). Conclusions The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a potential factor influencing musculoskeletal pain in students. Educational institutions should study the duration of online learning that begins to impact student injury outcomes.
AbstractList PurposeThe objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in online students.Materials and methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL plus with full text, and Wiley InterScience databases. A total of 3,749 studies were identified between January 2020 and December 2023. The Joanna Briggs Tool for studies reporting prevalence was used to assess the quality of studies. Jamovi 2.4 was used in the meta-analysis.ResultsSixteen studies were included and used for the meta-analysis. The average age of participants was 22 years, with an age range of 17–45 years, Sample range 120-3,705. There were 6 studies of high quality, 9 studies of medium quality and 1 study of low quality. The areas with the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were the neck (51%, 95% CI = 36–66%, I 2 = 99.96), lower back (51%, 95% CI = 42–59%, I 2 = 99.96) and shoulder (36%, 95% CI = 26–47%, I 2 = 99.61).ConclusionsThe shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a potential factor influencing musculoskeletal pain in students. Educational institutions should study the duration of online learning that begins to impact student injury outcomes.
The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in online students. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL plus with full text, and Wiley InterScience databases. A total of 3,749 studies were identified between January 2020 and December 2023. The Joanna Briggs Tool for studies reporting prevalence was used to assess the quality of studies. Jamovi 2.4 was used in the meta-analysis. Sixteen studies were included and used for the meta-analysis. The average age of participants was 22 years, with an age range of 17-45 years, Sample range 120-3,705. There were 6 studies of high quality, 9 studies of medium quality and 1 study of low quality. The areas with the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were the neck (51%, 95% CI = 36-66%, I = 99.96), lower back (51%, 95% CI = 42-59%, I = 99.96) and shoulder (36%, 95% CI = 26-47%, I = 99.61). The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a potential factor influencing musculoskeletal pain in students. Educational institutions should study the duration of online learning that begins to impact student injury outcomes.
Purpose The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in online students. Materials and methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL plus with full text, and Wiley InterScience databases. A total of 3,749 studies were identified between January 2020 and December 2023. The Joanna Briggs Tool for studies reporting prevalence was used to assess the quality of studies. Jamovi 2.4 was used in the meta-analysis. Results Sixteen studies were included and used for the meta-analysis. The average age of participants was 22 years, with an age range of 17–45 years, Sample range 120-3,705. There were 6 studies of high quality, 9 studies of medium quality and 1 study of low quality. The areas with the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were the neck (51%, 95% CI = 36–66%, I2 = 99.96), lower back (51%, 95% CI = 42–59%, I2 = 99.96) and shoulder (36%, 95% CI = 26–47%, I2 = 99.61). Conclusions The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a potential factor influencing musculoskeletal pain in students. Educational institutions should study the duration of online learning that begins to impact student injury outcomes.
Author Gotum, Tanawat
Keeratisiroj, Orawan
Jariya, Wutthichai
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40496907$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright Copyright: © 2025 Gotum T et al.
Copyright: © 2025 Gotum T et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Musculoskeletal pain
Systematic review
Student
Online learning
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Disease transmission
Distance learning
Education
Education, Distance
eng
Ergonomics
Exercise
Global health
Humans
Learning
Meta-analysis
Middle Aged
Musculoskeletal diseases
Musculoskeletal Diseases - epidemiology
Musculoskeletal pain
Musculoskeletal Pain - epidemiology
Neck pain
Online instruction
Online learning
Pain
Pandemics
Posture
Prevalence
SARS-CoV-2
Sedentary behavior
Shelter in place
Smartphones
Student
Students
Systematic review
University students
Young Adult
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