From Pandemic Shock to Sustainable Recovery: Data-Driven Insights into Global Eco-Productivity Trends During the COVID-19 Era

This study evaluates the eco-efficiency and eco-productivity of 141 countries using data-driven analytical frameworks over the period 2018–2023, covering the pre-COVID, COVID, and post-COVID phases. We employ an input-oriented Slack-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) under variable re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of risk and financial management Vol. 18; no. 9; p. 473
Main Author:	Sağlam, Ümit
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2025
Subjects:	COVID-19 Economic incentives Emissions Energy consumption Energy efficiency Environmental sustainability GDP Green technology Gross Domestic Product Labor productivity Labor supply Gabon Bangladesh Angola Uruguay United States Japan Ghana Indonesia United States > US China
ISSN:	1911-8074, 1911-8066, 1911-8074
Online Access:	Get full text
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