High nonlinearity of BEV's stepped automatic transmission design objectives and its optimal solution by a novel ISA-RSA
The battery electric vehicle's (BEV's) stepped automatic transmission (SAT) has a significant influence on the power and economic performance of the new-energy vehicle system dynamics. The SAT entails a complex design process, where the transmission ratio parameter and the control strategy...
Uloženo v:
| Vydáno v: | Energy (Oxford) Ročník 282; s. 128834 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autor: | |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
01.11.2023
|
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0360-5442 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
| Tagy: |
Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
|
| Abstract | The battery electric vehicle's (BEV's) stepped automatic transmission (SAT) has a significant influence on the power and economic performance of the new-energy vehicle system dynamics. The SAT entails a complex design process, where the transmission ratio parameter and the control strategy are interactively coupled, causing a difficulty in achieving a globally optimal solution. The actual design process involves multiple design objectives and incurs high design costs. The purpose of this study is to explore the variation characteristics of the design objectives of BEV's SAT and propose a transmission parameter optimization design method with reduced design costs. The paper investigates the interactive coupling property of the transmission ratio parameter and the control strategy, analyzing the high nonlinearity of SAT design objectives using the example of two-gear transmission. It proposes a design method that combines a heuristic optimization algorithm and an estimation model (Method Ⅲ), and a design method that utilizes an improved simulated annealing algorithm and a region search algorithm (ISA-RSA, Method Ⅳ). These methods are compared with a design method based on combination tests using the traversing method (Method Ⅰ) and a design method based on the heuristic optimization algorithm (Method Ⅱ). The results indicate that Method I incurs high design costs with limited effectiveness, while Method II exhibits unstable economic performance and integrated design objectives with fluctuations. Method III is highly dependent on the accuracy of the estimated model and performs poorly in optimizing acceleration time. However, Method Ⅳ, with low design costs, demonstrates remarkable optimization ability to solve high nonlinearity problems and exhibits a high probability of converging to the area near the globally optimal solution. This paper also aims to provide a direct solution to high design cost and highly nonlinear design objective problems in other engineering fields. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The battery electric vehicle's (BEV's) stepped automatic transmission (SAT) has a significant influence on the power and economic performance of the new-energy vehicle system dynamics. The SAT entails a complex design process, where the transmission ratio parameter and the control strategy are interactively coupled, causing a difficulty in achieving a globally optimal solution. The actual design process involves multiple design objectives and incurs high design costs. The purpose of this study is to explore the variation characteristics of the design objectives of BEV's SAT and propose a transmission parameter optimization design method with reduced design costs. The paper investigates the interactive coupling property of the transmission ratio parameter and the control strategy, analyzing the high nonlinearity of SAT design objectives using the example of two-gear transmission. It proposes a design method that combines a heuristic optimization algorithm and an estimation model (Method Ⅲ), and a design method that utilizes an improved simulated annealing algorithm and a region search algorithm (ISA-RSA, Method Ⅳ). These methods are compared with a design method based on combination tests using the traversing method (Method Ⅰ) and a design method based on the heuristic optimization algorithm (Method Ⅱ). The results indicate that Method I incurs high design costs with limited effectiveness, while Method II exhibits unstable economic performance and integrated design objectives with fluctuations. Method III is highly dependent on the accuracy of the estimated model and performs poorly in optimizing acceleration time. However, Method Ⅳ, with low design costs, demonstrates remarkable optimization ability to solve high nonlinearity problems and exhibits a high probability of converging to the area near the globally optimal solution. This paper also aims to provide a direct solution to high design cost and highly nonlinear design objective problems in other engineering fields. |
| ArticleNumber | 128834 |
| Author | Cheng, Zhun |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zhun orcidid: 0000-0003-1451-9156 surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Zhun |
| BookMark | eNp9kLtOwzAUhj0UibbwBgzeYEmwEzsXtlIVWqkSEgVWy3FOiqPUDrFb1LcnUZgYmM7y3843QxNjDSB0Q0lICU3u6xAMdPtzGJEoDmmUZTGboCmJExJwxqJLNHOuJoTwLM-n6Hut95-4z2i0Adlpf8a2wo-rj1uHnYe2hRLLo7cH6bXCvpPGHbRz2hpcgtN7g21Rg_L6BA5LU2LtHbat1wfZYGebox-kxRnLvuQEDd7sFsHrbnGFLirZOLj-vXP0_rR6W66D7cvzZrnYBirKmA_yLE1SxfK8SAlETHFQPOc0h6RKOWdFSiUtMqpKYEmR0FQWkpakiCsekRKgiufobsxtO_t1BOdFP19B00gD9uhETHlMU0KSqJc-jFLVWec6qITSXg77-7d1IygRA2FRi5GwGAiLkXBvZn_Mbdcz6M7_234A_NyIKg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_agriculture14050747 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.ymssp.2022.108915 10.3390/agriculture12030362 10.1080/03081079.2016.1151421 10.1007/s40815-022-01279-y 10.3390/membranes11090691 10.3390/en7128317 10.1155/2021/6629561 10.1007/s42154-018-0039-3 10.1371/journal.pone.0250950 10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.095 10.3390/en13225947 10.3390/pr9081412 10.3390/wevj12040221 10.1002/aenm.201900161 10.1080/15568318.2018.1445321 10.1155/2018/2879640 10.1177/21677026211071043 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115328 10.1016/j.compag.2019.105034 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7S9 L.6 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef AGRICOLA AGRICOLA - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | AGRICOLA |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Economics Environmental Sciences |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_energy_2023_128834 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .DC .~1 0R~ 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29G 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 6TJ 7-5 71M 8P~ 9DU 9JN AABNK AAEDT AAEDW AAHBH AAHCO AAIKC AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAMNW AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARJD AATTM AAXKI AAXUO AAYWO AAYXX ABDPE ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABWVN ABXDB ACDAQ ACGFS ACIWK ACLOT ACRLP ACRPL ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO ADXHL AEBSH AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AFRAH AFTJW AGHFR AGQPQ AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHIDL AIEXJ AIGII AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BELTK BKOJK BLXMC CITATION CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFKBS EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W JARJE KOM LY6 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RNS ROL RPZ SAC SDF SDG SES SEW SPC SPCBC SSR SSZ T5K TN5 WUQ XPP ZMT ~02 ~G- ~HD 7S9 L.6 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c284t-98767c499b70e24c5ec59519e6f7554b71a1b81cde46b617aba1d0b3f520deef3 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 1 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001094830100001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0360-5442 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 02 10:10:07 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:21:55 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:04:25 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c284t-98767c499b70e24c5ec59519e6f7554b71a1b81cde46b617aba1d0b3f520deef3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1451-9156 |
| PQID | 3153170062 |
| PQPubID | 24069 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_3153170062 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_energy_2023_128834 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2023_128834 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2023-11-00 20231101 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2023 text: 2023-11-00 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Energy (Oxford) |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| References | Xu (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib20) 2021; 57 Cheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib39) 2016; 50 Wang (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib32) 2021; 9 Huang (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib12) 2020; 31 Li (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib33) 2021; 11 Farjam (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib17) 2019; 26 Errachdi (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib36) 2017; 46 Ruan (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib6) 2019; 183 Li (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib16) 2018; 24 Zhou (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib24) 2015; 475 Fu (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib9) 2016; 38 Xiao (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib28) 2019; 46 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib25 Zhu (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib10) 2020; 42 Kumar (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib3) 2021; 175 Qi (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib5) 2017; 36 Cheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib29) 2020; 42 Xu (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib30) 2021; 16 Liu (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib15) 2014; 28 Cheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib34) 2022; 171 Wang (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib4) 2021 Zeng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib1) 2019; 9 Lu (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib14) 2019 Cheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib7) 2019; 167 Yao (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib26) 2021; 42 Cheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib35) 2018; 2018 Xu (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib8) 2018; 1 Cheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib19) 2021; 12 Wang (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib2) 2020; 275 Rios-Torres (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib27) 2019; 13 Sheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib11) 2019; 30 Cheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib21) 2022; 12 Qian (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib37) 2021; 2021 Ren (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib22) 2020; 40 Bottiglione (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib18) 2014; 7 Wang (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib23) 2022; 47 Zheng (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib13) 2019; 43 Wester (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib38) 2022 Chang (10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib31) 2020; 13 |
| References_xml | – volume: 38 start-page: 996 issue: 8 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib9 article-title: A motor-transmission powertrain for pure electric vehicles publication-title: Automot Eng – volume: 171 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib34 article-title: Two novel reconstruction methods of sparsity adaptive adjustment for road roughness compressive signal based on I-SA and GSM publication-title: Mech Syst Signal Process doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2022.108915 – volume: 12 start-page: 362 issue: 3 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib21 article-title: A novel 10-parameter motor efficiency model based on I-sa and its comparative application of energy utilization efficiency in different driving modes for electric tractor publication-title: Agriculture doi: 10.3390/agriculture12030362 – volume: 46 start-page: 52 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib36 article-title: Online identification using radial basis function neural network coupled with KPCA publication-title: Int J Gen Syst doi: 10.1080/03081079.2016.1151421 – volume: 42 start-page: 177 issue: 3 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib26 article-title: Research on an electronic differential control strategy based on active disturbance rejection control publication-title: Chin J Sci Instrum – ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib25 doi: 10.1007/s40815-022-01279-y – volume: 11 start-page: 691 issue: 9 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib33 article-title: Performance analysis and optimization of a high-temperature PEMFC vehicle based on particle swarm optimization algorithm publication-title: Membranes doi: 10.3390/membranes11090691 – volume: 7 start-page: 8317 issue: 12 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib18 article-title: Energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle with infinitely variable transmission publication-title: Energies doi: 10.3390/en7128317 – volume: 28 start-page: 7 issue: 2 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib15 article-title: Research and design of electric vehicle with two-speed gearbox publication-title: Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Natural Science) – volume: 2021 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib37 article-title: Bench testing and modeling analysis of optimum shifting point of HMCVT publication-title: Complexity doi: 10.1155/2021/6629561 – volume: 24 start-page: 1327 issue: 6 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib16 article-title: Parameters optimization of 2-speed EV powertrain for energy consumption publication-title: Comput Integrated Manuf Syst – volume: 47 start-page: 12 issue: 23 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib23 article-title: Research analysis and optimization of electric vehicle range publication-title: Automobile Applied Technology – volume: 1 start-page: 300 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib8 article-title: Design of a hydraulic control unit for a two-speed dedicated electric vehicle transmission publication-title: Automotive Innovation doi: 10.1007/s42154-018-0039-3 – volume: 475 start-page: 52 issue: 4 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib24 article-title: Road test analysis of coasting resistance coefficient for electric vehicle publication-title: Automobile Technology – volume: 30 start-page: 763 issue: 7 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib11 article-title: Parameter optimization and experimental comparison of two-speed pure electric vehicle transmission systems – volume: 50 start-page: 1276 issue: 7 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib39 article-title: Transfer function of steering system and acquisition method of ideal steering ratio publication-title: J Zhejiang Univ – volume: 36 start-page: 72 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib5 article-title: Cost effectiveness analysis on emission reduction of greenhouse gas in China: taking electric vehicles as example publication-title: Journal of Technology Economics – volume: 16 issue: 5 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib30 article-title: Parameter identification of sound absorption model of porous materials based on modified particle swarm optimization algorithm publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250950 – start-page: 47 issue: 8 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib14 article-title: Parameters matching and optimization for power-train of electrical vehicle publication-title: Automobile Applied Technology – volume: 46 start-page: 10 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib28 article-title: Coordinated shift control and experimental study of two-speed AMT for pure electric vehicle publication-title: J Hunan Univ – volume: 43 start-page: 79 issue: 4 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib13 article-title: Optimization design of pure electric vehicle power system speed ratio publication-title: J Mech Transm – start-page: 202 issue: 19 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib4 article-title: Research on power matching technology of pure electric vehicle publication-title: Internal Combustion Engine & Parts – volume: 183 start-page: 315 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib6 article-title: The application of hybrid energy storage system with electrified continuously variable transmission in battery electric vehicle publication-title: Energy doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.095 – volume: 31 start-page: 746 issue: 6 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib12 article-title: Multi objective parameter decoupling optimization method of two-speed EVs publication-title: China Mech Eng – volume: 13 start-page: 5947 issue: 22 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib31 article-title: Estimation for battery state of charge based on temperature effect and fractional extended kalman filter publication-title: Energies doi: 10.3390/en13225947 – volume: 26 start-page: 2382 issue: 4 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib17 article-title: Optimization of multiple transmission layouts for minimal energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle publication-title: Sci Iran – volume: 9 start-page: 1412 issue: 8 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib32 article-title: Joint estimation of soc of lithium battery based on dual kalman filter publication-title: Processes doi: 10.3390/pr9081412 – volume: 57 start-page: 92 issue: 4 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib20 article-title: Simulation and analysis on longitudinal and lateral slipping energy consumption of four-wheel independently driven electric vehicle tires publication-title: J Inst Eng Bangladesh – volume: 40 start-page: 758 issue: 4 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib22 article-title: Real time estimation of vehicle quality and road slope based on adaptive extended kalman filter publication-title: J Vib Meas Diagnosis – volume: 12 start-page: 221 issue: 4 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib19 article-title: I-SA algorithm based optimization design and mode-switching strategy for a novel 3-axis-simpson dual-motor coupling drive system of PEV publication-title: World Electric Vehicle Journal doi: 10.3390/wevj12040221 – volume: 9 issue: 27 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib1 article-title: Commercialization of lithium battery technologies for electric vehicles publication-title: Adv Energy Mater doi: 10.1002/aenm.201900161 – volume: 175 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib3 article-title: Analyzing challenges for sustainable supply chain of electric vehicle batteries using a hybrid approach of Delphi and publication-title: Best-Worst Method – volume: 42 start-page: 74 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib10 article-title: A study on parameter matching of hydro-mechanical transmission system based on genetic algorithm publication-title: Automot Eng – volume: 13 start-page: 123 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib27 article-title: Fuel consumption for various driving styles in conventional and hybrid electric vehicles: integrating driving cycle predictions with fuel consumption optimization publication-title: International Journal of Sustainable Transportation doi: 10.1080/15568318.2018.1445321 – volume: 42 start-page: 61 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib29 article-title: Based on improved SA and GA a new method for optimizing transmission parameters of automotive HMCVT publication-title: J Mech Strength – volume: 2018 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib35 article-title: A novel efficient feature dimensionality reduction method and its application in engineering publication-title: Complexity doi: 10.1155/2018/2879640 – year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib38 article-title: Covariate selection for estimating individual treatment effects in psychotherapy research: a simulation study and empirical example publication-title: Clin Psychol Sci doi: 10.1177/21677026211071043 – volume: 275 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib2 article-title: Optimal design of electric vehicle battery recycling network - from the perspective of electric vehicle manufacturers publication-title: Appl Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115328 – volume: 167 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128834_bib7 article-title: A new non-geometric transmission parameter optimization design method for HMCVT based on improved GA and maximum transmission efficiency publication-title: Comput Electron Agric doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2019.105034 |
| SSID | ssj0005899 |
| Score | 2.4250395 |
| Snippet | The battery electric vehicle's (BEV's) stepped automatic transmission (SAT) has a significant influence on the power and economic performance of the new-energy... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 128834 |
| SubjectTerms | algorithms economic performance energy probability vehicles (equipment) |
| Title | High nonlinearity of BEV's stepped automatic transmission design objectives and its optimal solution by a novel ISA-RSA |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3153170062 |
| Volume | 282 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001094830100001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 issn: 0360-5442 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 customDbUrl: isFulltext: true dateEnd: 99991231 titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005899 providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtZ3Nb9MwFMAt6JDggmAwbXzJSAgOkavm0_GxTJkYmgpiHaq4RLbjaFQjCU06yn_Pc-wkrUBiHLhEVeQmbn7p83vP7wOhV5ROIiapIDSLGBgoUUAYF5zISIZCxb5uxt02m6CzWbxYsI-2cWHdthOgRRFvNqz6r6jhHMDWqbP_gLu_KJyAzwAdjoAdjjcCryM3nMJUwOArG3HxNvnceuaBaVWBjsnXTWmKtTZ6sQLY2mvmZG08h1OKpZGDdb-3UIJo-aZzS-zctdrK4TbX6so5PZ-ST-fTHSe_SSnUtUw3Jny-dzgcXyojX75crottp4Pn2-y7QTb50YSEQbAjSMF6c6qxq_sXB-SP4tl4CpZj1U5irK9sxw_LUbcFP_uQnlycnaXzZDF_XX0nulGY3lC3XVNuoz2Phiweob3pabJ4P8T1xG3T0H6GXb5kG9T3-4139ZHd5bjVMeYP0H1rHOCpgfoQ3VLFPrrb5Y7X--ggGfISYaAVzPUj9ENTx9vUcZljoP6mxpY57pnjbebYMMcDcwzMMTDHljnumGPxE3PcMseW-WN0cZLMj98R21ODSFBEGsJg9aMSzFxBJ8oLZKhkCEo2U1FOQbMU1OWuiF2ZqSASoN3C_9bNJsLPQ2-SKZX7B2gEP0YdIsxEpqQAhR1s4iDkGY9lmEVhyKOcea6UR8jvnmwqbcF53ffkKu0iC5ep4ZFqHqnhcYRI_63KFFz5y_iXHbQUHpze7uKFKtd16sNirqtPRt6TG4x5iu4NL_ozNGpWa_Uc3ZHXzdd69cK-ZL8AyYOHXw |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=High+nonlinearity+of+BEV%27s+stepped+automatic+transmission+design+objectives+and+its+optimal+solution+by+a+novel+ISA-RSA&rft.jtitle=Energy+%28Oxford%29&rft.au=Cheng%2C+Zhun&rft.date=2023-11-01&rft.issn=0360-5442&rft.volume=282+p.128834-&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.energy.2023.128834&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0360-5442&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0360-5442&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0360-5442&client=summon |