Spatial variation in risk factors for anti-hepatitis E antibody titers in a population-based German study

The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there is growing evidence that other transmission pathways exist. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for anti-HEV IgG titers in the Study of...

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Vydáno v:	Scientific reports Ročník 15; číslo 1; s. 41463 - 13
Hlavní autoři:	Díaz, Andrea C., Ittermann, Till, Nauck, Matthias, Petersmann, Astrid, Völzke, Henry, Schauer, Birgit
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 21.11.2025 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Témata:	692/499 692/699/255 Adult Aged Animal husbandry Animals Carnivores Coastal zone Companion animals Cross-Sectional Studies Female Foodborne diseases Genotype & phenotype Genotypes Germany Germany - epidemiology Hepatitis Hepatitis Antibodies - blood Hepatitis Antibodies - immunology Hepatitis E Hepatitis E - blood Hepatitis E - epidemiology Hepatitis E - immunology Hepatitis E - virology Hepatitis E virus - immunology Hogs Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Male Meat Middle Aged multidisciplinary Occupations Population studies Regression analysis Risk Factors Sample size Science Science (multidisciplinary) Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology Shellfish Spatial variations Urban areas Variables Young Adult Germany Pomerania Companion animals Hepatitis E Serology Germany Risk factors
ISSN:	2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Abstract	The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there is growing evidence that other transmission pathways exist. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for anti-HEV IgG titers in the Study of Health in Pomerania, a population-based cohort located in Northeast Germany. We performed cross-sectional analyses using quantile and logistic regression. Spatial location was included as an interaction term to explore whether residential location of the participant acts as an effect modifier. The risk factors assessed were consumption frequency of meat, sausage, fish and raw vegetables, high-risk occupation and animal contact. The estimated seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 27.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.0%, 28.6%). Participants living in rural coastal areas had 14.5 U/ml higher antibody titers both for high meat (95% CI 3.9, 25.2; P = 0.008) and high sausage consumption (95% CI 4.1, 24.9; P = 0.006) in comparison with low consumption. In urban areas, participants who had contact with domestic carnivores had higher antibody titers (by 12.8 U/ml; 95% CI 0.3, 25.3; P = 0.046). Our results imply that risk factors of HEV exposure might differ among geographical regions. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these findings.
AbstractList	The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there is growing evidence that other transmission pathways exist. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for anti-HEV IgG titers in the Study of Health in Pomerania, a population-based cohort located in Northeast Germany. We performed cross-sectional analyses using quantile and logistic regression. Spatial location was included as an interaction term to explore whether residential location of the participant acts as an effect modifier. The risk factors assessed were consumption frequency of meat, sausage, fish and raw vegetables, high-risk occupation and animal contact. The estimated seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 27.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.0%, 28.6%). Participants living in rural coastal areas had 14.5 U/ml higher antibody titers both for high meat (95% CI 3.9, 25.2; P = 0.008) and high sausage consumption (95% CI 4.1, 24.9; P = 0.006) in comparison with low consumption. In urban areas, participants who had contact with domestic carnivores had higher antibody titers (by 12.8 U/ml; 95% CI 0.3, 25.3; P = 0.046). Our results imply that risk factors of HEV exposure might differ among geographical regions. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these findings.The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there is growing evidence that other transmission pathways exist. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for anti-HEV IgG titers in the Study of Health in Pomerania, a population-based cohort located in Northeast Germany. We performed cross-sectional analyses using quantile and logistic regression. Spatial location was included as an interaction term to explore whether residential location of the participant acts as an effect modifier. The risk factors assessed were consumption frequency of meat, sausage, fish and raw vegetables, high-risk occupation and animal contact. The estimated seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 27.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.0%, 28.6%). Participants living in rural coastal areas had 14.5 U/ml higher antibody titers both for high meat (95% CI 3.9, 25.2; P = 0.008) and high sausage consumption (95% CI 4.1, 24.9; P = 0.006) in comparison with low consumption. In urban areas, participants who had contact with domestic carnivores had higher antibody titers (by 12.8 U/ml; 95% CI 0.3, 25.3; P = 0.046). Our results imply that risk factors of HEV exposure might differ among geographical regions. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these findings. Abstract The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there is growing evidence that other transmission pathways exist. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for anti-HEV IgG titers in the Study of Health in Pomerania, a population-based cohort located in Northeast Germany. We performed cross-sectional analyses using quantile and logistic regression. Spatial location was included as an interaction term to explore whether residential location of the participant acts as an effect modifier. The risk factors assessed were consumption frequency of meat, sausage, fish and raw vegetables, high-risk occupation and animal contact. The estimated seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 27.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.0%, 28.6%). Participants living in rural coastal areas had 14.5 U/ml higher antibody titers both for high meat (95% CI 3.9, 25.2; P = 0.008) and high sausage consumption (95% CI 4.1, 24.9; P = 0.006) in comparison with low consumption. In urban areas, participants who had contact with domestic carnivores had higher antibody titers (by 12.8 U/ml; 95% CI 0.3, 25.3; P = 0.046). Our results imply that risk factors of HEV exposure might differ among geographical regions. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these findings. The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there is growing evidence that other transmission pathways exist. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for anti-HEV IgG titers in the Study of Health in Pomerania, a population-based cohort located in Northeast Germany. We performed cross-sectional analyses using quantile and logistic regression. Spatial location was included as an interaction term to explore whether residential location of the participant acts as an effect modifier. The risk factors assessed were consumption frequency of meat, sausage, fish and raw vegetables, high-risk occupation and animal contact. The estimated seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 27.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.0%, 28.6%). Participants living in rural coastal areas had 14.5 U/ml higher antibody titers both for high meat (95% CI 3.9, 25.2; P = 0.008) and high sausage consumption (95% CI 4.1, 24.9; P = 0.006) in comparison with low consumption. In urban areas, participants who had contact with domestic carnivores had higher antibody titers (by 12.8 U/ml; 95% CI 0.3, 25.3; P = 0.046). Our results imply that risk factors of HEV exposure might differ among geographical regions. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these findings. The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there is growing evidence that other transmission pathways exist. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for anti-HEV IgG titers in the Study of Health in Pomerania, a population-based cohort located in Northeast Germany. We performed cross-sectional analyses using quantile and logistic regression. Spatial location was included as an interaction term to explore whether residential location of the participant acts as an effect modifier. The risk factors assessed were consumption frequency of meat, sausage, fish and raw vegetables, high-risk occupation and animal contact. The estimated seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 27.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.0%, 28.6%). Participants living in rural coastal areas had 14.5 U/ml higher antibody titers both for high meat (95% CI 3.9, 25.2; P = 0.008) and high sausage consumption (95% CI 4.1, 24.9; P = 0.006) in comparison with low consumption. In urban areas, participants who had contact with domestic carnivores had higher antibody titers (by 12.8 U/ml; 95% CI 0.3, 25.3; P = 0.046). Our results imply that risk factors of HEV exposure might differ among geographical regions. More research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these findings.
ArticleNumber	41463
Author	Völzke, Henry Ittermann, Till Nauck, Matthias Petersmann, Astrid Díaz, Andrea C. Schauer, Birgit
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Andrea C. surname: Díaz fullname: Díaz, Andrea C. email: andrea.diaz@lih.lu organization: Department SHIP-KEF, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health – sequence: 2 givenname: Till surname: Ittermann fullname: Ittermann, Till organization: Department SHIP-KEF, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald – sequence: 3 givenname: Matthias surname: Nauck fullname: Nauck, Matthias organization: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald – sequence: 4 givenname: Astrid surname: Petersmann fullname: Petersmann, Astrid organization: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Oldenburg – sequence: 5 givenname: Henry surname: Völzke fullname: Völzke, Henry organization: Department SHIP-KEF, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald – sequence: 6 givenname: Birgit surname: Schauer fullname: Schauer, Birgit organization: Department SHIP-KEF, Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald
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Snippet	The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there is... Abstract The transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 remains unclear. Up to date, it is predominantly considered a foodborne disease. However, there...
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Title	Spatial variation in risk factors for anti-hepatitis E antibody titers in a population-based German study
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